黄河三角洲盐渍土有机氮组成及氮有效性对土壤含盐量的响应

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孙瀚,
屈杰,
王晓雯,
郑文魁,
李成亮,
刘艳丽^,
土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/山东农业大学资源与环境学院泰安 271018
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目42077006
国家重点研发计划项目2018YFD0200604

详细信息

作者简介:孙瀚, 主要从事土肥资源管理与高效利用的研究。E-mail: ally123sh@163.com

通讯作者:刘艳丽, 主要从事土壤肥力保持与施肥效应方面的相关研究。E-mail: yanliliu2013@163.com

中图分类号:S153.6

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出版历程

收稿日期:2021-01-03
录用日期:2021-04-22
刊出日期:2021-08-01

The response of soil organic nitrogen fractions and nitrogen availability to salinity in saline soils of the Yellow River Delta

SUN Han,
QU Jie,
WANG Xiaowen,
ZHENG Wenkui,
LI Chengliang,
LIU Yanli^,
National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China42077006
the National Key Research and Development Program of China2018YFD0200604

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Corresponding author:LIU Yanli, E-mail: yanliliu2013@163.com

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摘要
摘要:土壤盐分胁迫下有机氮组成及氮有效性对黄河三角洲盐渍土壤肥力的形成和生产力的提高具有重要作用。本研究采集黄河三角洲盐渍土壤区小麦-玉米轮作的3种盐渍土壤，分别为轻度盐渍土（含盐量2.28 g·kg^-1，S1）、中度盐渍土（含盐量3.73 g·kg^-1，S2）和重度盐渍土（含盐量6.69 g·kg^-1，S3），分析不同盐分含量土壤的作物产量和土壤有机氮组分含量、无机氮含量、微生物生物量氮含量及相关酶活性等指标的变异特征，明确盐分含量对土壤有机氮组成及氮有效性的影响。结果表明：3种土壤中有机氮的酸解总氮含量是有机氮的主要组分，S1、S2和S3处理下分别占土壤总有机氮68.79%、61.60%和52.30%；不同处理下各形态含量酸解总氮为酸解铵态氮>酸解未知氮>酸解氨基酸氮>酸解氨基糖氮，且各形态含量均以S1处理显著高于S2和S3处理（P < 0.05）。非酸解氮含量在3种处理间差异不显著，且均低于酸解总氮含量，其占全氮比例随土壤含盐量增加而提高。S1处理土壤硝态氮含量（22.08 mg·kg^-1）和微生物生物量氮含量（20.71 mg·kg^-1）最高，显著高于其他两种处理的土壤（P < 0.05）；铵态氮含量在各处理下差异不显著。S1处理的小麦、玉米总产量分别是S2和S3的1.74倍和5.85倍。回归分析发现土壤可溶性全盐含量分别与土壤无机氮、微生物生物量氮含量呈显著的负指数关系，与小麦、玉米总产量、氨基酸态氮含量之间存在显著的负线性关系。土壤无机氮含量与土壤酸解总氮含量之间呈显著的正指数关系。土壤中较高含量的可溶性全盐抑制土壤酸解有机氮的形成及氮素有效性的提高。
关键词:盐渍土壤/
小麦-玉米轮作/
土壤无机氮/
土壤有机氮/
土壤微生物生物量氮/
土壤可溶性全盐
Abstract:The soil organic nitrogen composition and nitrogen availability play important roles in the soil fertility and agricultural production of saline soils. This study investigated the effects of soil salinity on soil organic nitrogen fractionation and nitrogen availability in saline soils of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Soil samples were taken from three wheat-maize rotation fields with low (2.28 g·kg^-1, S1), moderate (3.73 g·kg^-1, S2), and high (6.69 g·kg^-1, S3) salinities on the Huibang Bohai Farm in the YRD. The crop yields were recorded, and the soil organic nitrogen fractions, including ammonia nitrogen (AN), amino acid nitrogen (AAN), amino sugar nitrogen (ASN), hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen (HUN), non-hydrolyzable nitrogen (NHN), soil inorganic nitrogen, and microbial biomass nitrogen were quantified. The activities of the nitrogen transformation-related enzymes (i.e., urease, protease, and nitrate reductase) were determined, and the relationships between the soil organic nitrogen fractions, inorganic nitrogen, crop yield, and soil salinity were analyzed. The results showed that total acid hydrolyzable nitrogen (TAHN), which is the sum of AN, AAN, ASN, and HUN, was the main fractions of soil organic nitrogen, taking up 68.79%, 61.60%, and 52.30% of the total organic nitrogen in S1, S2, and S3 soils, respectively. The contents of the four TAHN fractions (AN, AAN, ASN, and HUN) were all significantly higher in S1 than in S2 and S3 (P < 0.05), and the contents of AN, AAN, and HUN were all significantly higher in S2 than in S3 (P < 0.05). The contents of these fractions were AN > HUN > AAN > ASN in S1, and AN > AAN > HUN > ASN in S2 and S3. Conversely, the NHN content was in the order of S1 > S2 > S3, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). For the same soil, the NHN content was lower than the TAHN content. The highest soil nitrate nitrogen content (22.08 mg·kg^-1) and microbial biomass nitrogen (20.71 mg·kg^-1) were found in S1, which was significantly higher than those in S2 and S3 (P < 0.05). The ammonium nitrogen content did not differ among the three soils. The activities of urease and nitrate reductase were in the order of S1 > S2 > S3, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). Protease activity was significantly higher in S1 than in S2 and S3 (P < 0.05). The total yield of wheat and maize in S1 was 1.74 times of that in S2 and 5.85 times of that in S3. Correlation analyses showed that the inorganic nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, AN, and HUN contents had negative exponential relationships with the soil total soluble salt content, whereas the total yield of wheat and maize and the AAN content had significant negative linear relationships with the soil total soluble salt content. The soil inorganic nitrogen content was significantly and positively correlated with the soil TAHN content. The high total soluble salt content in the soils inhibited the formation of acid hydrolyzable organic nitrogen and improved the soil nitrogen availability. These results provide theoretical support for the regulation of soil nitrogen availability in saline soils in the YRD.
Key words:Saline soil/
Wheat-maize rotation/
Soil inorganic nitrogen/
Soil organic nitrogen/
Soil microbial biomass nitrogen/
Total soluble salt in soil

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图1不同盐渍土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量
S1: 轻度盐渍土壤; S2: 中度盐渍土壤; S3: 重度盐渍土壤。不同小写字母表示不同土壤间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soils with different salinity levels
S1: low salinity soil; S2: moderate salinity soil; S3: high salinity soil. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among soils at P < 0.05 level.

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表1不同盐渍土壤部分理化性质与小麦玉米产量
Table1.Partial soil characteristics and yield of wheat and maize in soils with different salinity levels

土样 Soil	可溶性全盐 Total soluble salt (g?kg^–1)	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon (g?kg^–1)	小麦产量 Wheat yield (kg?hm^–2)	玉米产量 Maize yield (kg?hm^–2)
S1	2.28±0.32c	8.45±0.02c	8.59±0.16a	7260±197a	3678±227a
S2	3.73±0.26b	8.87±0.02b	6.32±0.37b	3420±164b	2875±214b
S3	6.69±0.51a	9.02±0.02a	5.16±0.32c	1868±117c	0c
S1: 轻度盐渍土壤; S2: 中度盐渍土壤; S3: 重度盐渍土壤。同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同土壤间差异显著(P < 0.05)。S1: low salinity soil; S2: moderate salinity soil; S3: high salinity soil. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among soils at P < 0.05 level.

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表2不同盐渍土壤全氮与有机氮及其各组分含量
Table2.Contents of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen and its' components in soils with different salinity levels

土样 Soil	全氮 Total N (g?kg^–1)	酸解铵态氮 Acidolysis ammonia N (mg?kg^–1)	酸解氨基酸氮 Acidolysis amino acidic N (mg?kg^–1)	酸解氨基糖氮 Acidolysis amino sugar N (mg?kg^–1)	酸解未知氮 Hydrolysable unknown N (mg?kg^–1)	酸解总氮 Total acid hydrolysable N (mg?kg^–1)	非酸解氮 Non-hydrolysable N (mg?kg^–1)
S1	1.04±0.01a	272.48±10.12a	134.34±1.80a	61.22±4.85a	247.33±3.50a	715.37±9.84a	318.72±3.38a
S2	0.80±0.01b	221.84±4.56b	115.30±7.33b	46.81±3.04b	108.85±9.95b	492.79±8.81b	306.26±9.58a
S3	0.63±0.01c	140.81±1.76c	83.33±4.76c	39.51±3.12b	65.86±4.06c	329.51±7.46c	299.98±4.07a
S1: 轻度盐渍土壤; S2: 中度盐渍土壤; S3: 重度盐渍土壤。同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同土壤间差异显著(P < 0.05)。S1: low salinity soil; S2: moderate salinity soil; S3: high salinity soil. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among soils at P < 0.05 level.

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表3不同盐渍土壤微生物生物量氮含量与酶活性
Table3.Microbial biomass nitrogen contents and enzymes activities in soils with different salinity levels

土样 Soil	脲酶活性 Urease activity (mg?g^–1?d^–1)	蛋白酶活性 Protease activity (μg?g^–1?d^–1)	硝酸还原酶活性 Nitrate reductase activity (mg?g^–1?d^–1)	微生物生物量氮含量 Microbial biomass N content (mg?kg^–1)
S1	1.26±0.13a	38.68±0.33a	0.19±0.01a	20.71±1.53a
S2	0.66±0.01b	34.97±1.81b	0.17±0.01b	15.68±1.37b
S3	0.42±0.04c	31.73±1.49b	0.13±0.01c	9.33±1.12c
S1: 轻度盐渍土壤; S2: 中度盐渍土壤; S3: 重度盐渍土壤。同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同土壤间差异显著(P < 0.05)。S1: low salinity soil; S2: moderate salinity soil; S3: high salinity soil. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among soils at P < 0.05 level.

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表4盐渍土壤不同形态氮含量与土壤酶、微生物生物量氮含量的相关关系
Table4.Correlation among soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, enzymes activities and contents of nitrogen components in saline soils

	${\rm{NO}}_3^ - {\rm{ - N}}$	${\rm{NH}}_{\rm{4}}^{\rm{ + }}{\rm{ - N}}$	酸解铵态氮 Acidolysis ammonia N	酸解氨基酸氮 Acidolysis amino acidic N	酸解氨基糖氮 Acidolysis amino sugar N	酸解未知氮 Hydrolysable unknown N	非酸解氮 Non- hydrolysable N	微生物生物量氮 Microbial biomass N	脲酶 Urease	蛋白酶 Protease	硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase
${\rm{NO}}_3^ - {\rm{ - N}}$	1.000	–0.455	0.748^**	0.148	0.193	0.794^**	0.576	0.986^**	0.951^**	0.629	0.933^**
${\rm{NH}}_{\rm{4}}^{\rm{ + }}{\rm{ - N}}$		1.000	–0.135	0.216	0.014	–0.315	–0.399	–0.052	–0.372	–0.151	0.005
酸解铵态氮 Ammonia N			1.000	0.947^**	0.735^*	0.887^**	0.636	0.952^**	0.881^**	0.698^*	0.614^*
酸解氨基酸氮 Amino acidic N				1.000	0.736^*	0.798^*	0.720^*	0.774^**	0.388	0.705^*	0.858^**
酸解氨基糖氮 Acidolysis amino sugar N					1.000	0.854^**	0.390	0.771^**	0.441	0.771^*	0.709^**
酸解未知氮 Hydrolysable unknown N						1.000	0.558	0.855^**	0.900^**	0.689^*	0.479
非酸解氮 Non- hydrolysable N							1.000	0.528	0.622	0.507	0.556
微生物生物量氮 Microbial biomass N								1.000	0.804^**	0.819^**	0.711^**
脲酶 Urease									1.000	0.545	0.328
蛋白酶 Protease										1.000	0.613
硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase											1.000
、分别表示在P < 5%和P < 1%水平相关性显著。 and ** indicate significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively (n=15).

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表5不同盐渍土壤可溶性全盐含量与相关指标的回归拟合模型
Table5.Regression model between the content of soil total soluble salt and correlative indexes in saline soils

因变量 Dependent variable (Y)	自变量 Independent variable (X)	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination
小麦玉米总产量Total yield of wheat and maize	土壤可溶性全盐 Soil total soluble salt	Y=14759–1954X	0.8940
酸解总氮Total acid hydrolysable N		Y=861.55–81.82X	0.9090
氨态氮Ammonia N		Y=382.68e^–0.15^X	0.9627
氨基酸态氮Amino acidic N		Y=157.70–10.95X	0.8261
氨基糖态氮Amino sugar N		Y=71.774e^–0.094^X	0.6802
未知态氮Hydrolysable unknown N		Y=401.32e^–0.28^X	0.8664
微生物生物量氮Microbial biomass N		Y=8.84+52.95e^–0.75^X	0.8411
无机氮含量Inorganic-N		Y=20.79+50.60e^–0.75^X	0.8109
无机氮含量Inorganic-N	酸解总氮 Total acid hydrolysable N	Y=20.20+0.17e^0.0057^X	0.9110

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