我国水稻秸秆磷分布及其还田对土壤磷输入的贡献

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柴如山^1,,
黄晶²,
罗来超¹,
田达¹,
张亮亮¹,
叶新新¹,
章力干¹,
郜红建^1,,
1.安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/长江经济带磷资源高效利用与水环境保护研究中心合肥 230036
2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室北京 100081
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300901
国家自然科学基金项目41877099

详细信息

作者简介:柴如山, 主要从事农田养分循环与管理研究工作。E-mail: rschai@ahau.edu.cn

通讯作者:郜红建, 主要从事秸秆养分资源高效利用研究工作。E-mail: hjgao@ahau.edu.cn

中图分类号:X712

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-09-05
录用日期:2020-12-05
网络出版日期:2021-06-22
刊出日期:2021-06-01

Distribution of rice straw phosphorus resources in China and its utilization potential under straw return

CHAI Rushan^1,,
HUANG Jing²,
LUO Laichao¹,
TIAN Da¹,
ZHANG Liangliang¹,
YE Xinxin¹,
ZHANG Ligan¹,
GAO Hongjian^1,,
1. School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Research Centre of Phosphorous Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Hefei 230036, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0300901
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41877099

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Corresponding author:GAO Hongjian, E-mail: hjgao@ahau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:我国水稻秸秆资源丰富，水稻秸秆还田是向土壤输入磷素的重要途径之一。对我国各省区不同季别水稻秸秆还田的土壤磷输入贡献进行测算，可有针对性地为水稻秸秆还田条件下土壤磷素优化管理及平衡调控提供科学参考和指导。本研究基于《中国农村统计年鉴》中水稻生产统计资料和文献调研参数，对2013—2018年我国主要稻区不同季别水稻秸秆磷养分资源时空分布特征以及单位播种面积水稻秸秆还田的土壤磷素输入量进行分析。结果表明，2018年我国主要稻区早稻、双季晚稻和中晚稻秸秆产量分别为2327万t、2783万t和13 527万t，长江中游和长江下游稻区的水稻秸秆资源量居于全国前列，分别占33.6%和21.8%。2013—2018年我国水稻秸秆磷（P₂O₅）养分产量呈缓慢增长的趋势，从2013年的59.7万t增加到2018年的62.8万t。2018年水稻秸秆磷养分资源主要分布在黑龙江（15.0%）、湖南（12.5%）、江苏（10.0%）、湖北（9.9%）和江西（9.6%）等省份。2013—2018年我国主要稻区早稻、双季晚稻及中晚稻秸秆还田的年均土壤磷养分输入量分别为13.9~15.1 kg（P₂O₅）·hm^-2、16.0~20.9 kg（P₂O₅）·hm^-2和19.3~29.3 kg（P₂O₅）·hm^-2。从全国范围来看，早稻、双季晚稻和中晚稻秸秆还田下的土壤磷养分输入量平均分别为14.4 kg（P₂O₅）·hm^-2、18.2 kg（P₂O₅）·hm^-2和24.4 kg（P₂O₅）·hm^-2。基于上述测算结果，建议我国主要稻区各省份在水稻特别是中晚稻秸秆还田条件下，基于秸秆磷素携入量适当调整磷肥投入量，以实现土壤磷养分收支平衡，控制农田磷养分盈余及流失风险。
关键词:水稻秸秆/
磷养分量/
秸秆还田/
磷输入
Abstract:Large amounts of rice straws are produced in the main rice-cultivating areas of China. Rice straw returning is a major contributor of phosphorus input in the field. Clarification of the contribution of rice straw returning to soil phosphorus input could provide scientific references and guidance for the optimization of phosphorus management and the regulation of soil phosphorus balance. Based on the rice production statistics from China Rural Statistical Yearbook and related data from a literature survey, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rice straw phosphorus resources from 2013 to 2018 and the amount of straw phosphorus returning to soil per unit sown area were estimated for different rice-cultivating provinces and regions of China. In 2018, the amounts of straw from early rice, double cropping late rice, and medium and late rice in the main rice-cultivating areas of China were 23.27, 27.83, and 135.27 million tons, respectively. Rice straw was mainly produced in the Middle Reaches and the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, accounting for 33.6% and 21.8% of the total national rice straw yields, respectively. The rice straw phosphorus resources was tended to increase from 2013 to 2018, increasing from 0.597 million tons phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) in 2013 to 0.628 million tons P₂O₅ in 2018. The rice straw phosphorus resources were mainly distributed in Heilongjiang (15.0%), Hunan (12.5%), Jiangsu (10.0%), Hubei (9.9%), and Jiangxi (9.6%) in 2018. During 2013-2018, the annual average phosphorus inputs by straw incorporation in the main rice-cultivating provinces of China were 13.9-15.1 and 16.0-20.9 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2 for early rice and double cropping late rice, respectively. For medium and late rice, the annual average phosphorus inputs by straw incorporation reached as high as 19.3-29.3 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2. Nationally, the soil phosphorus inputs from straw incorporation were 14.4, 18.2, and 24.4 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2 for early rice, double cropping late rice, and medium and late rice, respectively. Based on the results of this study, the application rate of phosphate fertilizer in different rice-cultivating provinces should be adjusted according to the contribution of rice straw returning to the soil phosphorus input. This will help to maintain the soil phosphorus balance and reduce surplus phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus loss to surface water.
Key words:Rice straw/
Phosphorus resource quantity/
Straw incorporation/
Phosphorus input

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图12013—2018年我国主要稻区水稻秸秆产量年际变化
Figure1.Temporal variations of rice straw yields in main rice-cultivating regions of China from 2013 to 2018

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图22018年我国不同省份和稻区水稻秸秆产量
Figure2.Rice straw yields in different rice-cultivating provinces and regions of China in 2018
NE: Northeast China; MY: Middle Reaches of Yangtze River; LY: Lower Reaches of Yangtze River; SW: Southwest China; SC: South China.

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图32013—2018年我国不同稻区水稻秸秆磷养分资源量年际变化
Figure3.Temporal variations of rice straw phosphorus resource quantities in different rice-cultivating regions of China from 2013 to 2018
NE: Northeast China; MY: Middle Reaches of Yangtze River; LY: Lower Reaches of Yangtze River; SW: Southwest China; SC: South China.

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图42013—2018年我国不同稻区单位播种面积水稻秸秆还田的土壤磷输入量
柱状图显示平均值±标准差。NE: Northeast China; MY: Middle Reaches of Yangtze River; LY: Lower Reaches of Yangtze River; SW: Southwest China; SC: South China. The data are mean ± SD.
Figure4.Phosphorus input through rice straw incorporation in different rice-cultivating regions of China during 2013?2018

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表12013—2018年我国不同省份水稻秸秆磷养分资源量年际变化
Table1.Temporal variations of rice straw phosphorus resource quantities in different provinces of China from 2013 to 2018 ?×10⁴ t P₂O₅

稻区 Rice-cultivating region	省份 Province	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
东北 Northeast China	辽宁Liaoning	1.78	1.58	1.64	1.70	1.48	1.46
	吉林Jilin	1.97	2.06	2.21	2.29	2.40	2.26
	黑龙江Heilongjiang	7.78	7.89	7.71	7.90	9.88	9.41
长江中游 Middle Reaches of Yangtze River	湖北Hubei	5.16	5.31	5.56	5.22	6.08	6.21
	湖南Hunan	7.42	7.65	7.68	7.57	8.00	7.87
	江西Jiangxi	5.66	5.73	5.74	5.71	6.14	6.06
长江下游 Lower Reaches of Yangtze River	安徽Anhui	4.25	4.35	4.58	4.40	5.17	5.29
	浙江Zhejiang	1.80	1.83	1.79	1.84	1.38	1.47
	江苏Jiangsu	6.16	6.13	6.26	6.19	6.07	6.28
西南 Southwest China	重庆Chongqing	1.61	1.61	1.62	1.64	1.56	1.56
	四川Sichuan	4.97	4.89	4.98	5.00	4.73	4.74
	贵州Guizhou	1.16	1.29	1.34	1.38	1.44	1.35
	云南Yunnan	2.01	2.00	1.97	2.01	1.58	1.58
华南 South China	福建Fujian	1.49	1.48	1.44	1.41	1.18	1.20
	广西Guangxi	3.21	3.25	3.17	3.17	2.84	2.83
	广东Guangdong	2.87	3.02	3.00	3.00	2.89	2.85
	海南Hainan	0.41	0.43	0.42	0.41	0.33	0.35

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表22013—2018年我国不同省份单位播种面积水稻秸秆还田的土壤磷输入量
Table2.Phosphorus input through rice straw incorporation in different provinces of China during 2013?2018 ?kg(P₂O₅)?hm^?2

稻区 Rice-cultivating region	省份 Province	早稻 Early rice	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	中晚稻 Medium and late rice
东北 Northeast China	辽宁Liaoning	—	—	29.3±1.2
	吉林Jilin	—	—	28.2±1.1
	黑龙江Heilongjiang	—	—	24.7±0.2
长江中游 Middle Reaches of Yangtze River	湖北Hubei	14.0±0.6	20.9±0.3	28.9±1.4
	湖南Hunan	14.5±0.2	19.6±0.1	22.5±0.9
	江西Jiangxi	14.1±0.3	18.5±0.3	21.8±0.7
长江下游 Lower Reaches of Yangtze River	安徽Anhui	14.2±0.6	16.0±0.3	20.9±0.6
	浙江Zhejiang	15.1±0.5	18.8±0.7	24.3±0.4
	江苏Jiangsu	—	—	27.3±0.5
西南 Southwest China	重庆Chongqing	—	—	23.6±0.2
	四川Sichuan	—	—	25.0±0.3
	贵州Guizhou	—	—	19.5±1.4
	云南Yunnan	—	—	19.3±0.6
华南 South China	福建Fujian	14.9±0.3	18.8±0.3	20.3±0.4
	广西Guangxi	14.5±0.2	16.5±0.3	21.2±0.9
	广东Guangdong	14.4±0.2	17.0±0.5	—
	海南Hainan	13.9±0.5	13.6±0.6	—
数据为平均值±标准差。The data are mean ± SD.

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