倪世存^{1, 2, ?,},
梁红柱^{1, 2, 3, ?,},
付同刚¹,
高会¹,
韩立朴¹,
刘金铜^1,,
1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
3.河北师范大学生命科学学院 石家庄 050024
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2016YFC0501308

详细信息

作者简介:倪世存, 主要从事粮饲兼用作物耐盐适应性研究, E-mail: nishicun341@163.com
梁红柱, 主要从事植物群落生态学研究, E-mail: lhzeco@163.com

通讯作者:刘金铜, 主要从事生态系统可持续管理与生态工程研究。E-mail: jtliu@sjziam.ac.cn

^?同等贡献者
中图分类号:S184

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文章访问数:162
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被引次数:0

出版历程

收稿日期:2020-12-25
录用日期:2021-02-18
刊出日期:2021-04-01

The agronomic traits of dual-purpose sorghum and millet at the jointing stage in response to soil salinity gradients in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia

NI Shicun^{1, 2, ?,},
LIANG Hongzhu^{1, 2, 3, ?,},
FU Tonggang¹,
GAO Hui¹,
HAN Lipu¹,
LIU Jintong^1,,
1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFC0501308

^*Equivalent contributors


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摘要
摘要:粮饲兼用作物种植模式对内蒙古河套地区的农业、畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以粮饲兼用的2个高粱品种（‘F438’和‘2562’）和2个谷子品种（‘张杂19号’和‘张杂13号’）为试验材料，在内蒙古河套灌区五原县进行大田试验，研究2种作物拔节期的农艺性状对不同土壤盐碱水平的响应特征，并探讨作物不同农艺性状与土壤电导率（EC）的相关性。结果表明：以播种前样地的土壤EC为对照，至拔节期2个谷子品种土壤EC低于高粱品种；随土壤EC升高，谷子‘张杂13号’和‘张杂19号’的可见叶片数量、高粱‘F438’和‘2562’的叶片数均显著减少，表明高土壤含盐量显著抑制了2种作物的生长；高盐碱土壤显著限制了2种作物的株高和茎粗，谷子比高粱对土壤盐碱度的耐受能力更高；2种作物的叶面积对土壤盐碱水平都较敏感，低盐碱水平条件下叶面积已显著降低；随土壤盐碱程度增加，2种作物叶片叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势，2个高粱品种叶绿素含量受土壤盐碱梯度干扰相对较小。相关性分析结果表明，拔节期2种作物的茎粗、株高、叶面积和可见叶片数与土壤EC呈显著负相关。比较4个作物品种，谷子品种‘张杂19号’对土壤盐碱度的耐受能力较高，具有更强的盐碱地种植适应潜力。本研究结果对探明粮饲兼用作物在盐碱地种植模式的适应机制提供了科学依据，对内蒙古河套地区传统农业种植模式优化和畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。
关键词:盐碱地/
土壤电导率(EC)/
粮饲兼用/
高粱/
谷子/
农艺性状
Abstract:The planting of grain-forage crops is important for the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. In this study, two sorghum varieties ('F438' and '2562') and two millet varieties ('Zhangza 19' and 'Zhangza 13') were used as experimental materials to study the agronomic traits at the jointing stage in response to different soil salinity gradients in Wuyuan County, in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia. Gradient analysis and correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the agronomic characteristics and soil electrical conductivity (EC). The results showed that the EC of soil planted millet was lower than that of soil planted sorghum at the jointing stage. With increased soil EC, the number of visible leaves of millet varieties and sorghum varieties decreased significantly, indicating that soil EC inhibited the both crops growth. A high level of soil EC significantly also inhibited the plant height and stem diameter of both crops. Furthermore, with increased soil EC, the chlorophyll content of the leaves of both crops decreased, but the chlorophyll content of sorghum was less affected by soil EC than that of millets. Correlation analysis showed that the stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, and leaves number of both crops were significantly negatively correlated with soil EC at the elongation stage. The millet variety 'Zhangza 19' had a higher tolerance to soil salinity and stronger potential adaptability for planting in saline-alkali land. This study provides a scientific basis for exploring the adaptive mechanisms of dual-purpose crops planted in saline-alkali land. This study also provides important theoretical guidance for the optimization of traditional agricultural planting patterns and the sustainable development of animal husbandry in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia.
Key words:Saline-alkali land/
Soil electrical conductivity/
Dual-purpose crops/
Sorghum/
Millet/
Agronomic traits
^*Equivalent contributors

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图1拔节期不同谷子(a)和高粱(b)品种在不同土壤电导率(EC)下的茎数变化
Figure1.Changes of stems number per plant of millet (a) and sorghum (b) varieties under different soil conductivities (EC) at jointing stage


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图2拔节期不同谷子(a)和高粱(b)品种在不同土壤电导率(EC)下的叶片数变化
Figure2.Changes of leaves number of millet (a) and sorghum (b) varieties under different soil conductivities (EC) at jointing stage


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图3拔节期不同谷子(a)和高粱(b)品种在不同土壤电导率(EC)下的株高变化
Figure3.Changes of plant height of millet (a) and sorghum (b) varieties under different soil conductivities (EC) at jointing stage


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图4拔节期不同谷子(a)和高粱(b)品种在不同土壤电导率(EC)下的茎粗变化
Figure4.Changes of stem diameter of millet (a) and sorghum (b) varieties under different soil conductivities (EC) at jointing stage


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图5拔节期不同谷子(a)和高粱(b)品种在不同土壤电导率(EC)下的叶面积变化
Figure5.Changes of leaf areas of millet (a) and sorghum (b) varieties under different soil conductivities (EC) at jointing stage


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图6拔节期不同谷子(a)和高粱(b)品种在不同土壤电导率(EC)下叶绿素含量(SPAD)变化
Figure6.Changes of chlorophyll content (SPAD) of millet (a) and sorghum (b) varieties under different soil conductivities (EC) at jointing stage


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1不同谷子和高粱品种的不同盐碱水平土壤的电导率
Table1.Soil electrical conductivity gradients in different soil salinity levels of millet and sorghum varieties

盐碱水平 Salinity level	电导率?Conductivity (mS·cm-1)
	谷子‘张杂19号’ Millet ‘Zhangza 19’	谷子‘张杂13号’ Millet ‘Zhangza 13’	高粱‘F438’ Sorghum ‘F438’	高粱‘2562’ Sorghum ‘2562’
播种前?Before sowing	1.24±0.65	2.08±0.78	4.56±1.86	1.85±1.15
低?Low	19.53±7.13	14.23±3.76	30.93±6.03	30.00±7.52
	21.87±8.86	15.45±2.52	32.13±5.78	30.20±1.99
	22.13±0.58	18.68±4.87	34.13±4.45	33.08±2.83
	30.60±4.94	21.18±4.38	34.48±11.07	33.70±3.30
	33.83±5.86	24.48±5.13	41.64±7.58	34.20±3.66
中?Medium	34.20±6.38	29.38±3.75	44.58±13.12	36.10±2.59
	34.50±0.78	32.40±4.43	50.05±1.80	37.88±2.67
	34.77±2.33	32.68±6.29	53.15±8.90	41.58±4.09
	36.60±0.36	35.43±2.57	58.08±11.81	43.33±3.66
	38.37±0.25	44.78±7.72	61.65±3.92	49.45±12.10
高?High	39.73±5.23	44.95±6.08	62.23±5.45	52.33±4.42
	43.37±1.76	47.90±7.84	62.88±3.48	55.40±4.77
	51.97±6.06	53.33±11.21	63.38±7.05	63.75±5.36
	54.13±12.51	54.30±6.33	67.48±3.50	64.98±5.66
	55.13±0.40	58.13±8.59	74.53±1.76	74.40±3.62

下载: 导出CSV
表2不同谷子和高粱品种拔节期在不同土壤盐碱水平下的单株叶片数
Table2.Leaves number per plant of different varieties of millet and sorghum under different soil salinity levels at jointing stage

盐碱水平 Salinity level	谷子?Millet			高粱?Sorghum
	张杂19号?Zhangza 19	张杂13号?Zhangza 13		F438	2562
低?Low	10.20±0.54b	13.85±1.29c		12.40±0.49b	14.60±0.80b
中?Medium	8.47±0.77a	12.60±0.79b		10.92±0.79b	13.05±1.34b
高?High	7.73±0.64a	9.15±0.90a		9.00±0.53a	9.27±0.84a
不同小写字母表示不同盐碱水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different salinity levels (P < 0.05).

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表3不同谷子和高粱品种拔节期在不同土壤盐碱水平下的株高
Table3.Plant height of different varieties of millet and sorghum under different soil salinity levels at jointing stage?cm

盐碱水平 Salinity level	谷子?Millet			高粱?Sorghum
	张杂19号?Zhangza 19	张杂13号?Zhangza 13		F438	2562
低?Low	59.02±9.04c	92.22±7.83b		155.73±29.23c	132.78±33.17c
中?Medium	41.47±7.90b	75.55±10.46b		94.62±29.80b	80.75±20.38b
高?High	23.59±12.90a	44.90±20.55a		48.87±18.79a	41.23±21.10a
不同小写字母表示不同盐碱水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different salinity levels (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV
表4不同谷子和高粱品种拔节期在不同土壤盐碱水平下的茎粗
Table4.Stem diameter of different varieties of millet and sorghum under different soil salinity levels at joint stage?mm

盐碱水平 Salinity level	谷子?Millet			高粱?Sorghum
	张杂19号?Zhangza 19	张杂13号?Zhangza 13		F438	2562
低?Low	20.46±3.01c	29.62±2.25b		51.40±7.05c	51.46±9.60c
中?Medium	15.46±2.75b	24.56±3.29b		34.80±9.73b	31.20±6.34b
高?High	9.95±3.86a	16.35±5.52a		19.50±6.72a	19.01±8.39a
不同小写字母表示不同盐碱水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different salinity levels (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV
表5不同谷子和高粱品种拔节期在不同土壤盐碱水平下的叶面积
Table5.Leaf areas of different varieties of millet and sorghum under different soil salinity levels at jointing stage?cm²

盐碱水平 Salinity level	谷子?Millet			高粱?Sorghum
	张杂19号?Zhangza 19	张杂13号?Zhangza 13		F438	2562
低?Low	83.82±22.48b	92.92±13.68b		279.88±48.88c	297.89±89.23b
中?Medium	39.39±14.10a	67.72±9.85a		192.13±79.68b	140.50±53.57a
高?High	25.55±14.92a	48.90±19.87a		83.59±42.89a	56.57±44.36a
不同小写字母表示不同盐碱水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different salinity levels (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV
表6不同谷子和高粱品种拔节期在不同土壤盐碱水平下的叶绿素含量
Table6.Chlorophyll content (SPAD) of different varieties of millet and sorghum under different soil salinity levels at jointing stage

盐碱水平 Salinity level	谷子?Millet			高粱?Sorghum
	张杂19号?Zhangza 19	张杂13号?Zhangza 13		F438	2562
低?Low	34.33±6.85b	42.36±3.30b		37.24±1.38b	35.12±1.84a
中?Medium	27.00±3.52a	35.42±5.59b		32.53±4.54b	34.04±2.13a
高?High	25.00±5.04a	23.50±11.22a		26.03±5.34a	35.11±5.18a
不同小写字母表示不同盐碱水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different salinity levels (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV
表7土壤电导率与拔节期不同谷子和高粱品种农艺性状相关关系
Table7.Correlation between soil conductivity and agronomic traits of millet and sorghum varieties

作物 Corp	品种 Variety	茎数 Stem number	株高 Plant height		茎粗 Stem diameter	叶绿素 Chlorophyll content	叶面积 Leaf area	叶片数 Leaves number
谷子 Millet	张杂13号 Zhangza 13	-0.336	-0.902*	-0.913*		-0.799*	-0.796*	-0.890*
	张杂19号 Zhangza 19	-0.548	-0.867*	-0.823*		-0.557	-0.790*	-0.682*
高粱 Sorghum	2562	-0.074	-0.880*	-0.871*		-0.177	-0.839*	-0.914*
	F438	-0.044	-0.853*	-0.859*		-0.829*	-0.827*	-0.715*
*表示在P < 0.01水平显著相关。* indicates significant correlations at P < 0.01.

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