秦媛儒1,
孟祥怀1,
董红娟2,
王朋1,
岳敏慧1,
肖艳兰1,
汪元凤1,
段昌群1,,
1.云南大学生态与环境学院/云南省高原山地生态与退化环境修复重点实验室/云南省高原湖泊生态修复及流域管理国际联合研究中心 昆明 650091
2.云南大学科技咨询中心 昆明 650091
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31660169
云南省科技计划重点研发项目2019BC001
云南省科技计划重点研发项目2018DG005
详细信息
作者简介:刘嫦娥, 主要从事污染与恢复生态学研究。E-mail: change@ynu.edu.cn
通讯作者:段昌群, 主要从事污染与恢复生态学研究。E-mail: chqduan@ynu.edu.cn
中图分类号:X171.3计量
文章访问数:248
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-06-23
录用日期:2020-10-10
刊出日期:2021-03-01
The combined effects of cadmium and acetochlor on an earthworm-soil-maize system
LIU Chang'e1,,QIN Yuanru1,
MENG Xianghuai1,
DONG Hongjuan2,
WANG Peng1,
YUE Minhui1,
XIAO Yanlan1,
WANG Yuanfeng1,
DUAN Changqun1,,
1. School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments/International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management of Yunnan, Kunming 650091, China
2. Technology Counseling Center, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31660169
the Key Research and Development Projects of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province2019BC001
the Key Research and Development Projects of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province2018DG005
More Information
Corresponding author:DUAN Changqun, Corresponding author, E-mail: chqduan@ynu.edu.cn
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摘要:重金属与农药复合型污染成为重要的环境问题之一，然而当前关于两者共同作用对蚯蚓-土壤-植物系统的影响研究还很少。为了探讨镉-乙草胺复合污染对蚯蚓-土壤-玉米农田系统的生态毒理效应和生态过程的影响，本研究通过室内模拟试验，从镉-乙草胺复合胁迫下蚯蚓生理响应、土壤理化性质及玉米形态特征等变化，探讨两者复合污染对玉米生长的影响机制。结果表明：1）随着处理时间的延长，镉-乙草胺复合胁迫下蚯蚓体内SOD活性呈先降低再升高的趋势，而MDA含量呈先升高后降低的趋势；复合胁迫处理第2 d和50 d时，20~30 cm土层的蚯蚓数量占所有土层蚯蚓总量百分比比对照分别增加1.34倍和1.14倍，蚯蚓对镉-乙草胺复合污染作出规避效应而向深层土壤迁移。2）镉-乙草胺复合胁迫下土壤有机质和速效磷含量与处理时间、处理方式、污染物无关，随着处理时间的延长，土壤碱解氮含量呈先显著降低后升高的趋势。3）处理第50 d，30 mg·kg-1 镉、200 mg·kg-1 乙草胺及30 mg·kg-1 镉+200 mg·kg-1 乙草胺处理组玉米根数均显著低于对照，抑制率分别为23.21%、42.86%和50.00%，玉米生物量与株高呈相同趋势，即30 mg·kg-1 镉处理> 200 mg·kg-1 乙草胺处理> 30 mg·kg-1 镉+200 mg·kg-1 乙草胺处理。相关分析表明，两种污染物除对蚯蚓 SOD活性产生拮抗效应外，对蚯蚓 MDA、土壤养分与玉米生长指标均不存在交互作用。本研究得出镉-乙草胺复合污染促进蚯蚓向下迁移影响其垂直分布，并且可以通过改变土壤营养元素含量最终抑制玉米的生长。
关键词:镉-乙草胺复合污染/
蚯蚓垂直分布/
玉米生长/
土壤养分
Abstract:Heavy metal and pesticide pollution is a major environmental problem, and the combined effects on earthworm-soil-plant systems have not been thoroughly explored. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and acetochlor on earthworm physiological responses, soil physical and chemical properties, and maize growth and morphological characteristics. The results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in earthworms decreased and then increased, whereas the opposite trend was observed with malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The earthworm distribution across soil layers increased in the compound pollution treatment, and the percentage of earthworms in the total soil layer increased by 1.34 times (on day 2) and 1.14 times (on day 50) compared with that in the control group. The soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents were unaffected by treatment time or contamination method, but alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased and then increased with Cd + acetochlor pollution. On day 50, the maize root numbers in all treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group; the inhibition rates were 23.21% (30 mg·kg-1 Cd), 42.86% (200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor), and 50.00% (30 mg·kg-1 Cd + 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor). The maize biomasses and plant heights were largest in the 30 mg·kg-1 Cd group, followed by the 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor group, and were smallest in the 30 mg·kg-1 Cd + 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor group. Correlation analysis showed that the interaction between Cd and acetochlor did not affect earthworm MDA content, soil nutrients, or the maize growth index, but antagonistically affected earthworm SOD activity. This study concluded that combined Cd and acetochlor pollution promoted earthworm distribution in the topsoil and inhibited maize growth by altering the soil's physical and chemical properties.
Key words:Compound pollution of Cd and acetochlor/
Vertical distribution of earthworm/
Growth of maize/
Soil nutrients
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图1镉、乙草胺胁迫下蚯蚓体内SOD活性(A)和MDA含量(B)的变化
CK: 对照(无添加)处理; Cd: 镉30 mg·kg-1处理; Ace: 乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理; Cd+Ace: 镉30 mg·kg-1+乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理。不同小写字母表示不同处理时间不同处理间变化显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no addition treatment; Cd: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd treatment; Ace: 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment; Cd+Ace: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd+200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in different exposure times (P < 0.05).
Figure1.SOD activities (A) and MDA contents (B) in earthworm under different Cd and acetochlor treatments
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2乙草胺、镉胁迫对蚯蚓0~30 cm土层垂直分布的影响
CK: 对照(无添加)处理; Cd: 镉30 mg·kg-1处理; Ace: 乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理; Cd+Ace: 镉30 mg·kg-1+乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理。CK: no addition treatment; Cd: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd treatment; Ace: 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment; Cd+Ace: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd+200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment.
Figure2.Effects of single/compound stresses of Cd and acetochlor on the vertical distribution of earthworm in 0-30 cm soil
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3镉、乙草胺处理土壤有机质(A)、碱解氮(B)和速效磷(C)含量的变化
CK: 对照(无添加)处理; Cd: 镉30 mg·kg-1处理; Ace: 乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理; Cd+Ace: 镉30 mg·kg-1+乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理。不同小写字母表示不同处理时间不同处理间变化显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no addition treatment; Cd: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd treatment; Ace: 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment; Cd+Ace: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd+200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in different exposure times (P < 0.05).
Figure3.Contents of organic matter (A), alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen (B) and available phosphorus (C) of soil under different Cd and acetochlor treatments
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4镉、乙草胺处理对玉米根数(A)、株高(B)和生物量(C)的影响
CK: 对照(无添加)处理; Cd: 镉30 mg·kg-1处理; Ace: 乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理; Cd+Ace: 镉30 mg·kg-1+乙草胺200 mg·kg-1处理。不同小写字母表示不同处理时间不同处理间变化显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no addition treatment; Cd: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd treatment; Ace: 200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment; Cd+Ace: 30 mg·kg-1 Cd+200 mg·kg-1 acetochlor treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in different exposure times (P < 0.05).
Figure4.Effect of single/compound stresses of Cd and acetochlor on roots number (A), plant height (B) and biomass (C) of maize
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5镉、乙草胺复合胁迫对蚯蚓-土壤-玉米生态系统的影响框图
Figure5.Diagram of the effect of cadmium and acetochlor on earthworm-soil-maize system
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1蚯蚓-土壤-玉米体系中各指标相关性
Table1.Correlation among various indexes in earthworm-soil-maize system
| 指标 Index | 玉米株高 Plant height of maize | 玉米生物量 Biomass of maize | 玉米根数量 Root number of maize | 蚯蚓 MDA MDA of earthworm | 蚯蚓 SOD SOD of earthworm | 速效磷 Soil available phosphorus | 碱解氮 Soil alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen | 有机质 Soil organic matter |
| 玉米株高 Plant height of maize | 1.000 | |||||||
| 玉米生物量 Biomass of maize | 0.727** | 1.000 | ||||||
| 玉米根数量 Root number of maize | 0.703** | 0.746** | 1.000 | |||||
| 蚯蚓 MDA MDA of earthworm | 0.495** | 0.455** | 0.623** | 1.000 | ||||
| 蚯蚓 SOD SOD of earthworm | -0.584** | -0.466** | -0.676** | -0.757** | 1.000 | |||
| 土壤速效磷 Soil available phosphorus | -0.290* | -0.396** | -0.503** | -0.450** | 0.467** | 1.000 | ||
| 土壤碱解氮 Soil alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen | -0.409** | -0.430** | -0.559** | -0.521** | 0.680** | 0.330** | 1.000 | |
| 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter | 0.108 | 0.130 | 0.212 | 0.326** | -0.428** | -0.095 | -0.284** | 1.000 |
| **: P < 0.01水平(双尾)相关性极显著; *: P < 0.05水平(双尾)相关性显著。** and * indicate significant correlation at P < 0.01 (double tails) and P < 0.05 (double tails) levels, respectively. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2蚯蚓-土壤-玉米体系指标的时间、污染物及处理方式3因素相关分析
Table2.Correlation analysis of treatment time, pollutants and treatment methods of earthworm-soil-maize system
| 指标 Index | 镉 Cd | 乙草胺 Acetochlor | 处理时间 Treatment time | 镉×乙草胺 Cd×acetochlor | 镉×时间 Cd×treatment time | 乙草胺×时间 Acetochlor× treatment time | 镉×乙草胺×时间 Cd×acetochlor× treatment time | |
| 蚯蚓 Earthworm | MDA含量 MDA content | 4.095* | 1.102ns | 52.720*** | 0.289ns | 0.332ns | 1.956ns | 1.310ns |
| SOD活性 SOD activity | 0.383ns | 0.331ns | 116.796*** | 7.010* | 0.569ns | 0.062ns | 2.379ns | |
| 土壤 Soil | 速效磷 Available phosphorus | 0.238ns | 0.434ns | 10.704*** | 0.163ns | 1.392ns | 1.036ns | 1.207ns |
| 碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen | 0.573ns | 1.231ns | 28.642*** | 1.576ns | 0.904ns | 0.103ns | 1.448ns | |
| 有机质 Organic matter | 0.067ns | 0.444ns | 3.589* | 1.611ns | 0.654ns | 1.518ns | 0.241ns | |
| 玉米 Maize | 株高Plant height | 0.114ns | 4.623* | 28.233*** | 0.003ns | 1.516ns | 1.631ns | 0.368ns |
| 生物量 Biomass | 4.852* | 30.553*** | 63.178*** | 3.706ns | 3.283* | 5.454** | 1.838ns | |
| 根数Root number | 5.173* | 26.187*** | 72.149*** | 2.910ns | 1.735ns | 9.033*** | 2.134ns | |
| ns: 相关性不显著; *: 显著相关(P < 0.05); **: 极显著相关(P < 0.01); ***: 极显著相关(P < 0.001). ns: non-significant correlation; *: significant correlation at P < 0.05 level; **: significant correlation at P < 0.01 level; ***: significant correlation at P < 0.001. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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