删除或更新信息，请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

褐土区氮磷在土壤发生层中淋溶的差异性

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
马琳杰1,,
霍晓兰2,
靳东升2,
刘平2,
霍晨1,
惠薇1,
李丽君2,,
1.山西大学生物工程学院 太原 030006
2.山西农业大学资源环境学院/山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室 太原 030031
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0800105-5
第2次全国污染源普查项目091821103994212010

详细信息
作者简介:马琳杰, 主要研究方向为农业面源污染。E-mail:15143098957@163.com
通讯作者:李丽君, 主要研究方向为农业面源污染。E-mail:lilijun2005@163.com
中图分类号:S158

计量

文章访问数:306
HTML全文浏览量:3
PDF下载量:371
被引次数:0
出版历程

收稿日期:2020-07-19
录用日期:2020-09-25
刊出日期:2021-01-01

Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching differs among cinnamon soil layers

MA Linjie1,,
HUO Xiaolan2,
JIN Dongsheng2,
LIU Ping2,
HUO Chen1,
HUI Wei1,
LI Lijun2,,
1. School of Biological Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University/Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Projects of China2016YFD0800105-5
the Second National Survey of Pollution Sources of China091821103994212010

More Information
Corresponding author:LI Lijun, E-mail: lilijun2005@163.com


摘要
HTML全文
图(2)表(5)
参考文献(35)
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件(0)
访问统计

摘要
摘要:农业氮磷淋溶已经成为地下水污染最普遍和突出的问题。为揭示氮磷在包气带不同土层的淋溶特征，以典型褐土的5个土壤发生层（耕层、淋溶层、钙积层、黏化层和母质层）为研究对象，采用室内土柱模拟淋溶试验，在施肥量相同的条件下分析不同形态氮磷淋溶量，研究氮磷在不同土壤发生层中的迁移特征及其影响因素。结果表明：1）进行5次淋溶，耕层、淋溶层、钙积层、黏化层和母质层淋溶液中可溶性总氮总量分别为2412.63 mg·L-1、3028.94 mg·L-1、244.16 mg·L-1、3648.99 mg·L-1和3356.51 mg·L-1，淋溶层、黏化层和母质层可溶性总氮淋溶量显著高于耕层，而钙积层可溶性总氮淋溶量较耕层显著减少；耕层淋溶液中可溶性总磷总量为0.52 mg·L-1，且显著高于其他4层。2）在试验初期，耕层、淋溶层的硝态氮、可溶性总氮和正磷酸盐淋溶量显著高于黏化层和母质层，进行到第4、5次淋溶，黏化层、母质层的硝态氮和可溶性总氮淋溶量显著高于其他3层，而各发生层间正磷酸盐淋溶量无显著差异；单次淋溶黏化层和母质层铵态氮淋溶量均显著高于其他3层，而耕层可溶性总磷淋溶量始终显著高于其他各层。3）耕层和钙积层的淋溶液中硝态氮是氮素淋溶的主要形态，占可溶性总氮比例分别为69.0%和85.4%，而在淋溶层、黏化层和母质层中分别为41.3%、5.1%和4.6%；在可溶性磷中，以无机态正磷酸盐为主，最高占可溶性总磷的75.9%。4）土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、黏粒含量对土壤氮磷的迁移转化有明显主导作用。有机质与氮磷淋溶量呈显著正相关关系，有机质含量高，会增加淋溶初期氮磷的淋溶风险；而阳离子交换量和黏粒含量则与氮磷淋溶呈显著负相关关系，阳离子交换量大和黏粒多能减少氮磷素的淋溶风险。该试验结果说明，由于5种发生层土壤理化性质不同，各发生层氮磷淋溶特征及其淋溶形态也有差异，并且氮磷的淋溶受土壤本身阳离子交换量、黏粒和有机质含量的影响。
关键词:氮磷淋溶/
土壤发生层/
褐土/
淋溶量/
土壤性状/
地下水污染
Abstract:Leached agricultural N and P are the most prominent groundwater pollutants. Five cinnamon soil layers (cultivation, leaching, calcium, clay, and parent) were analyzed via leaching tests to investigate N and P migrations. After five tests, the amount of soluble total N in the leaching solutions were 2412.63 mg·L-1 in cultivation layer, 3028.94 mg·L-1 in leaching layer, 244.16 mg·L-1 in calcium layer, 3648.99 mg·L-1 in clay layer, and 3356.51 mg·L-1 in parent layer. The amount of soluble total N in the leaching, clay, and parent layers was significantly higher than that in the cultivation layer but that of soluble total N in the calcium layer was significantly lower than that in the cultivation layer. The amount of soluble total P in the cultivation layer leaching solution was 0.52 mg·L-1, which was significantly higher than that in all other layers. In the 1st to 3rd leaching time, the leached amounts of nitrate nitrogen, soluble total N, and orthophosphate in the cultivation and leaching layers were significantly higher than those in the clay and parent layers. However, in the 4th and 5th leaching time, the leached amounts of nitrate nitrogen and soluble total N in the clay and parent layers were significantly higher than those in the other layers, and the leached orthophosphate amount did not differ among layers. The amount of leached ammonium nitrogen in the clay and parent layers was significantly higher than that in the other layers after each test, and that of soluble total P in the cultivation layer was always significantly higher than that in the other layers. Nitrate nitrogen was the primary form of leached N in the cultivation and calcium layers, accounting for 69.0% and 85.4% of the total amount of N, respectively; the nitrate nitrogen percentages in the other layers were 41.3% (leaching layer), 5.1% (clay layer), and 4.6% (parent layer). Inorganic orthophosphate was the primary form of soluble P, accounting for 75.9% of the total amount of soluble P. The soil organic matter content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and clay content affected the migration and transformation of soil N and P. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter and N and P leaching, and more organic matter content increased the leaching risk in the initial leaching stage. The CEC and clay content were negatively correlated with N and P leaching, and increased CEC and soil clay particles reduced the leaching risk. The physical and chemical properties and N and P leaching characteristics differed among soil layers, and leaching was affected by soil CEC, clay and organic matter contents.
Key words:Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching/
Soil occurrence layers/
Cinnamon soil/
Leaching amount/
Soil properties/
Groundwater pollution

HTML全文


图1不同土壤发生层铵态氮(A)、硝态氮(B)和可溶性总氮(C)的淋溶量变化
同次淋溶不同小写字母表示不同土壤发生层间差异显著(P＜0.05)。
Figure1.Changes of ammonium nitrogen (A), nitrate nitrogen (B) and soluble total nitrogen (C) leaching amounts in different soil occurrence layers
Different lowercase letters in the same leaching indicate significant differences among soil occurrence layers at P＜0.05 level.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图2不同土壤发生层正磷酸盐(A)和可溶性总磷(B)淋溶量变化
同次淋溶不同小写字母表示不同土壤发生层间差异显著(P＜0.05)。
Figure2.Changes of orthophosphate (A) and soluble total phosphorus (B) leaching amounts in different soil occurrence layers
Different lowercase letters in the same leaching indicate significant differences among different soil occurrence layers at P＜0.05 level.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1试验区石灰性褐土不同土壤发生层的理化性质
Table1.Physicochemical properties of different soil occurrence layers of calcareous cinnamon soil in the study area
土壤发生层
Soil occurrence layer		 容重
Bulk density
(g·cm-3)		 阳离子交换量
Cation exchange capacity
(cmol·kg-1)		 CaCO3
(g·kg-1)		 机械组成
Mechanical components
(g·kg-1)		 pH 土壤有机质
Soil organic matter
(g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g·kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus
(g·kg-1)		 NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)		 NH4+-N
(mg·kg-1)		 有效磷
Olsen-P
(mg·kg-1)
砂粒
Sand		 粉粒
Silt		 黏粒
Clay
耕层
Cultivation layer		 1.30 38.04 33.58 64.97 22.41 12.62 7.63 30.60 1.73 1.23 6.87 2.84 12.40
钙积层
Calcium layer		 1.41 33.70 38.38 49.71 7.98 42.31 7.97 6.28 0.54 1.28 5.31 4.66 1.20
黏化层
Clay layer		 1.43 16.30 22.82 39.68 20.33 39.99 7.53 0.85 0.43 0.44 12.52 7.73 1.20
淋溶层
Leaching layer		 1.34 29.02 49.85 69.11 5.96 24.93 7.78 25.77 1.60 0.64 4.87 4.68 2.00
母质层
Parent layer		 1.46 20.54 26.09 35.56 20.24 44.20 7.68 1.57 0.47 0.36 16.42 3.08 2.80


下载: 导出CSV
表2每次试验不同土壤形成层收集的淋溶液量
Table2.Leachate amounts of different soil occurrence layers in each leaching test ?mL
土壤发生层
Soil occurrence layer		 第1次淋溶
First leaching		 第2次淋溶
Second leaching		 第3次淋溶
Third leaching		 第4次淋溶
Fourth leaching		 第5次淋溶
Fifth leaching
耕层Cultivation layer 850 573 630 503 502
钙积层Calcium layer 397 477 485 525 537
黏化层Clay layer 505 458 497 527 528
淋溶层Leaching layer 517 502 402 418 417
母质层Parent layer 563 470 520 532 543
每次的淋洗水量为700 mL。The water for each leaching is 700 mL.


下载: 导出CSV
表3间歇淋溶试验5次淋洗的可溶性总氮和可溶性总磷的淋溶总量
Table3.Leaching amount of soluble total nitrogen and soluble total phosphorus for five leaches of the intermittent leaching test
土壤发生层
Soil occurrence layer		 可溶性总氮Soluble total nitrogen 可溶性总磷Soluble total phosphorus
淋溶量
Leaching amount
(mg·L-1)		 占施氮比
Ratio to nitrogen fertilizer
(%)		 淋溶量
Leaching amount
(mg·L-1)		 占施磷比
Ratio to phosphorus fertilizer
(%)
耕层Cultivation layer 2412.63±19.69c 20.7 0.52±0.06a 0.0092
钙积层Calcium layer 244.16±15.91d 2.1 0.27±0.01c 0.0047
黏化层Clay layer 3648.99±12.58a 31.3 0.25±0.02c 0.0044
淋溶层Leaching layer 3028.94±20.50b 26.0 0.37±0.07b 0.0064
母质层Parent layer 3356.51±58.45ab 28.8 0.30±0.03bc 0.0052
同列不同小写字母表示不同土壤发生层间差异显著(P＜0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same line indicate significant differences among different soil occurrence layers at P＜0.05 level.


下载: 导出CSV
表4不同发生层土壤氮磷淋溶形态特征
Table4.Morphology of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in different soil occurrence layers
土壤发生层
Soil occurrence layer		 铵态氮NH4+-N 硝态氮NO3--N 正磷酸盐PO43+-P
淋溶量
Leaching amount
(mg·L-1)		 占可溶性总氮比
Ratio to soluble total nitrogen
(%)		 淋溶量
Leaching amount
(mg·L-1)		 占可溶性总氮比
Ratio to soluble total nitrogen
(%)		 淋溶量
Leaching amount
(mg·L-1)		 占可溶性总磷比
Ratio to soluble total phosphorus
(%)
耕层
Cultivation layer		 1.55±0.17b 0.06 1663.78±16.65a 68.96 0.33±0.01a 63.25
钙积层
Calcium layer		 2.33±0.36b 0.95 208.45±14.97c 85.38 0.19±0.01b 71.47
黏化层
Clay layer		 25.73±1.58a 0.71 185.35±3.05c 5.08 0.19±0.01b 75.94
淋溶层
Leaching layer		 2.95±0.40b 0.10 1250.15±14.61b 41.27 0.18±0.02b 49.74
母质层
Parent layer		 22.28±4.72a 0.66 154.00±17.06c 4.59 0.21±0.02b 69.55
不同小写字母表示不同土壤发生层间差异显著(P＜0.05)。Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different soil occurrence layers at P＜0.05 level.


下载: 导出CSV
表5不同淋溶试验土壤氮磷淋溶量与土壤性状的相关性
Table5.Correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and soil properties of different leaching test
土壤养分
Soil nutrient		 第1次淋溶
First leaching		 第2次淋溶
Second leaching		 第3次淋溶
Third leaching		 第4次淋溶
Fourth leaching		 第5次淋溶
Fifth leaching		 第1次淋溶
First leaching		 第2次淋溶
Second leaching		 第3次淋溶
Third leaching		 第4次淋溶
Fourth leaching		 第5次淋溶
Fifth leaching
CaCO3 阳离子交换Cation exchange
NH4+-N -0.184 -0.742 -0.778 -0.804 -0.821 -0.869 -0.956* -0.963** -0.938* -0.921*
NO3--N 0.578 0.696 0.823 0.489 -0.715 0.784 0.653 0.355 -0.273 -0.969**
TDN 0.803 0.508 -0.336 -0.766 -0.814 0.295 0.213 -0.844 -0.961** -0.913*
PO43+-P 0.117 0.408 0.310 0.397 0.391 0.794 0.642 -0.306 -0.219 0.327
TDP 0.697 0.676 0.713 0.526 0.540 0.808 0.756 0.488 0.669 0.689
土壤养分
Soil nutrient		黏粒Clay有机质Organic matter
NH4+-N 0.773 0.661 0.605 0.571 0.635 -0.714 -0.771 -0.750 -0.738 -0.771
NO3--N -0.977** -0.932* -0.667 -0.218 0.605 0.990** 0.987** 0.798 0.322 -0.720
TDN -0.638 -0.794 0.199 0.581 0.628 0.763 0.808 -0.276 -0.720 -0.760
PO43+-P -0.828 -0.963** 0.576 0.033 -0.905* 0.740 0.905* -0.355 0.132 0.869
TDP -0.861 -0.945* -0.823 -0.987** -0.970** 0.953* 0.999** 0.912* 0.986** 0.985**
*: P＜0.05; **: P＜0.01; TDN:可溶性总氮; TDP:可溶性总磷; PO43+-P正磷酸盐。TDN: soluble total nitrogen; TDP: soluble total phosphorus; PO43+-Porthophosphate


下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(35)
[1]左欣, 江涛, 张岱伟.基于农业生产胁迫下的地下水脆弱性评价与分析[J].环境污染与防治, 2017, 39(5):472-479 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJWR201705004.htm
ZUO X, JIANG T, ZHANG D W. Vulnerability assessment of groundwater under the stress of agricultural production[J]. Environmental Pollution and Control, 2017, 39(5):472-479 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJWR201705004.htm
[2]薛禹群, 张幼宽.地下水污染防治在我国水体污染控制与治理中的双重意义[J].环境科学学报, 2009, 29(3):474-481 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2009.03.002
XUE Y Q, ZHANG Y K. Twofold significance of ground water pollution prevention in China's water pollution control[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2009, 29(3):474-481 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2009.03.002
[3]李吉平, 徐勇峰, 陈子鹏, 等.洪泽湖地区麦稻两熟农田及杨树林地降雨径流对地下水水质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2019, 27(7):1097-1104 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2019-0712&flag=1
LI J P, XU Y F, CHEN Z P, et al. Effects of rainfall and runoff on the groundwater quality in farmland and poplar forestland in the area of Hung-tse Lake[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(7):1097-1104 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2019-0712&flag=1
[4]杨林章, 吴永红.农业面源污染防控与水环境保护[J].中国科学院院刊, 2018, 33(2):168-176 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYYX201802008.htm
YANG L Z, WU Y H. Prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution and aquatic environmental protection[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018, 33(2):168-176 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYYX201802008.htm
[5]袁丽金, 巨晓棠, 张丽娟, 等.设施蔬菜土壤剖面氮磷钾积累及对地下水的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(1):14-19 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN201001004.htm
YUAN L J, JU X T, ZHANG L J, et al. NPK accumulation in greenhouse soil and its effect on groundwater[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2010, 18(1):14-19 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN201001004.htm
[6]李美璇, 王观竹, 郭平.生物炭对冻融黑土中铵态氮和硝态氮淋失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(7):1360-1367 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHBH201607019.htm
LI M X, WANG G Z, GUO P. Effects of biochar on ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen leaching from black soil under freeze-thaw cycle[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(7):1360-1367 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHBH201607019.htm
[7]刘飞, 杨柯, 李括, 等.我国四种典型土类有机碳剖面分布特征[J].地学前缘, 2011, 18(6):20-26 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201106005.htm
LIU F, YANG K, LI K, et al. Profile distribution of organic carbon of four typical soils in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2011, 18(6):20-26 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201106005.htm
[8]赵秀娟, 任意, 张淑香. 25年来褐土区土壤养分演变特征[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(8):1647-1655 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNXB201708024.htm
ZHAO X J, REN Y, ZHANG S X. Evolution characteristics of cinnamon soil nutrients in 25 years[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 31(8):1647-1655 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNXB201708024.htm
[9]黄昌勇, 徐建明.土壤学[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2010:101-102
HUANG C Y, XU J M. Soil Science[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2010:101-102
[10]同延安, 石维, 吕殿青, 等.陕西三种类型土壤剖面硝酸盐累积、分布与土壤质地的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(4):435-441 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2005.04.002
TONG Y A, SHI W, LYU D Q, et al. Relationship between soil texture and nitrate distribution and accumulation in three types of soil profile in Shaanxi[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(4):435-441 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2005.04.002
[11]李久生, 杨风艳, 栗岩峰.层状土壤质地对地下滴灌水氮分布的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2009, 25(7):25-31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.07.005
LI J S, YANG F Y, LI Y F. Water and nitrogen distribution under subsurface drip fertigation as affected by layered-textural soils[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(7):25-31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.07.005
[12]沈仁芳, 蒋柏藩.黄淮海地区潮土对磷的吸附和解吸特性[J].土壤, 1993, 25(2):68-70 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA199302003.htm
SHEN R F, JIANG B F. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of phosphorus from tidal soils in Huang-Huai-Hai area[J]. Soils, 1993, 25(2):68-70 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA199302003.htm
[13]李祖荫, 吕家珑.碳酸钙与物理粘粒固磷特性的研究[J].土壤, 1995, 27(6):304-310 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA506.005.htm
LI Z Y, LYU J L. Study of calcium carbonate and clay physical properties of phosphorus fixation[J]. Soils, 1995, 27(6):304-310 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA506.005.htm
[14]郭晓冬, 张雪琴, 杨玲.甘肃省主要农业区土壤对磷的吸附与解吸特性[J].西北农业学报, 1997, 6(2):7-12 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBNX702.002.htm
GUO X D, ZHANG X Q, YANG L. Phosphorus sorption and desorption properties of agricultural soils in Gansu Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 1997, 6(2):7-12 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBNX702.002.htm
[15]KOWALENKO C G, YU S. Solution, exchangeable and clay-fixed ammonium in south coast British Columbia soils[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 76(4):473-483 doi: 10.4141/cjss96-059
[16]沃飞, 陈效民, 方堃, 等.太湖地区两种典型水稻土中氮、磷迁移转化的研究[J].土壤通报, 2007, 38(6):1058-1063 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2007.06.004
WO F, CHEN X M, FANG K, et al. Transference and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in two typical paddy soils in Tai-Lake region[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2007, 38(6):1058-1063 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2007.06.004
[17]纪雄辉, 郑圣先, 石丽红, 等.洞庭湖区不同稻田土壤及施肥对养分淋溶损失的影响[J].土壤学报, 2008, 45(4):663-671 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRXB200804012.htm
JI X H, ZHENG S X, SHI L H, et al. Effect of fertilization on nutrient leaching loss from different paddy soils in Dongting Lake Area[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(4):663-671 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRXB200804012.htm
[18]牛新湘, 马兴旺.农田土壤养分淋溶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(3):451-456 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNTB201103092.htm
NIU X X, MA X W. Research advances on leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(3):451-456 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNTB201103092.htm
[19]闫春妮, 黄娟, 李稹, 等.湿地植物根系及其分泌物对土壤脲酶、硝化-反硝化的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2017, 26(2):303-308 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRYJ201702016.htm
YAN C N, HUANG J, LI Z, et al. Effect of plant roots and its exudates on urease activity, nitrification and denitrification in wetland soil[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 26(2):303-308 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRYJ201702016.htm
[20]曾立雄, 黄志霖, 肖文发, 等.三峡库区不同土地利用类型氮磷流失特征及其对环境因子的响应[J].环境科学, 2012, 33(10):3390-3396 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ201210016.htm
ZENG L X, HUANG Z L, XIAO W F, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss in different land use types and its response to environmental factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(10):3390-3396 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ201210016.htm
[21]徐梦, 刘鸿雁, 吴攀, 等.黔中水利枢纽不同土地利用类型土壤养分淋溶特征[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(1):25-30 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STBY201701005.htm
XU M, LIU H Y, WU P, et al. Characteristics of soil nutrient leaching in different land use types of hydro-junction in central Guizhou Province[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(1):25-30 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STBY201701005.htm
[22]蒋小欣, 阮晓红, 邢雅囡, 等.城市重污染河道上覆水氮营养盐浓度及DO水平对底质氮释放的影响[J].环境科学, 2007, 28(1):87-91 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ200701016.htm
JIANG X X, RUAN X H, XING Y N, et al. Effects of nutrient concentration and DO status of heavily polluted urban stream water on nitrogen release from sediment[J]. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(1):87-91 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ200701016.htm
[23]鲍俊丹, 石美, 张妹婷, 等.中国典型土壤硝化作用与土壤性质的关系[J].中国农业科学, 2011, 44(7):1390-1398 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.07.011
BAO J D, SHI M, ZHANG M T, et al. Nitrification of main soils in china and its relationship with soil properties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(7):1390-1398 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.07.011
[24]陈效民, 吴华山, 沃飞.利用染色分析法确定农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移的研究[J].水土保持学报, 2007, 21(5):21-24 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2007.05.006
CHEN X M, WU H S, WO F. Study on vertical transport of Nitrate-N with soil coloration analysis in farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(5):21-24 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2007.05.006
[25]王静, 付伟章, 葛晓红, 等.玉米生物炭和改性炭对土壤无机氮磷淋失影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(12):2810-2820 doi: 10.11654/jaes.2018-0030
WANG J, FU W Z, GE X H, et al. Effects of corn biochar and modified carbon on leaching of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(12):2810-2820 doi: 10.11654/jaes.2018-0030
[26]丁洪, 蔡贵信, 王跃思, 等.华北平原几种主要类型土壤的硝化及反硝化活性[J].农业环境保护, 2001, 20(6):390-393 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHBH200106001.htm
DING H, CAI G X, WANG Y S, et al. Nitrification and denitrification potential in different types of soils in the North China Plain[J]. Agro-Environmental Protection, 2001, 20(6):390-393 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHBH200106001.htm
[27]夏天翔, 李文朝.抚仙湖北岸有机与常规种植菜地土壤氮、磷流失及累积特征[J].中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(3):560-564 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN200803006.htm
XIA T X, LI W C. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss and accumulation in organic and conventional vegetable fields in northern bank of Fuxian Lake[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16(3):560-564 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN200803006.htm
[28]刘光栋, 吴文良.高产农田土壤硝态氮淋失与地下水污染动态研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2003, 11(1):91-93 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN200301026.htm
LIU G D, WU W L. The dynamics of soil nitrate nitrogen leaching and contamination of the groundwater in high-yield farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2003, 11(1):91-93 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN200301026.htm
[29]宋春, 韩晓增.长期施肥条件下土壤磷素的研究进展[J].土壤, 2009, 41(1):21-26 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA200901005.htm
SONG C, HAN X Z. Advances in phosphorus in long-term fertilized soil[J]. Soils, 2009, 41(1):21-26 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA200901005.htm
[30]王甜, 黄志霖, 曾立雄, 等.不同施肥处理对三峡库区柑橘园土壤氮磷淋失影响[J].水土保持学报, 2018, 32(5):53-57 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS201805009.htm
WANG T, HUANG Z L, ZENG L X, et al. Effects of different fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching of citrus orchard soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(5):53-57 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS201805009.htm
[31]王经纬, 王艳玲, 姚怡, 等.长期施肥对旱地红壤团聚体磷素固持与释放能力的影响[J].土壤学报, 2017, 54(5):1240-1250 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRXB201705018.htm
WANG J W, WANG Y L, YAO Y, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on phosphorus retention and release of soil aggregates in upland red soils[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2017, 54(5):1240-1250 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRXB201705018.htm
[32]夏文建, 冀建华, 刘佳, 等.长期不同施肥红壤磷素特征和流失风险研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(12):1876-1886 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN201812015.htm
XIA W J, JI J H, LIU J, et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on soil phosphorus characteristics and loss risk of red soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(12):1876-1886 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN201812015.htm
[33]王静, 丁树文, 李朝霞, 等.丹江库区典型土壤磷的淋溶模拟研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(2):692-697 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2008.02.053
WANG J, DING S W, LI Z X, et al. Simulated study on phosphorus leaching of typical soils in Danjiang Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(2):692-697 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2008.02.053
[34]HECKRATH G, BROOKES P C, POULTON P R, et al. Phosphorus leaching from soils containing different phosphorus concentrations in the Broadbalk Experiment[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1995, 24(5):904-910 doi: 10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050018x
[35]杨学云, 古巧珍, 马路军, 等.塿土磷素淋移的形态研究[J].土壤学报, 2005, 42(5):792-798 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.2005.05.012
YANG X Y, GU Q Z, MA L J, et al. Forms of phosphorus leaching in loessial soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2005, 42(5):792-798 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.2005.05.012

闂傚倸鍊峰ù鍥х暦閻㈢ǹ绐楅柟閭﹀劒濞差亜绠ｉ柨鏃囨閳ь剙娼￠弻銊╁籍閸屾稒鐝梺缁樼箚閸╂牠骞堥妸銉富閻犲洩寮撴竟鏇㈡⒒娴ｄ警鏀版繛鍛礋楠炴垿宕惰閺嗭附鎱ㄥ璇蹭壕濡炪們鍨哄Λ鍐ㄧ暦閸楃倣鏃堝礃閵娿儳顔囬梻鍌氬€搁崐椋庣矆娓氣偓瀹曘儳鈧綆浜堕悢鍡樻叏濡炶浜鹃悗瑙勬处閸ㄥ爼銆侀弴銏狀潊闁靛繆鍓濋鏇㈡⒒娓氣偓濞佳嚶ㄩ埀顒€鈹戦垾铏枠闁糕斂鍨藉顕€宕奸悢鍝勫箥闂備胶顢婇～澶愬礉閺囥垺鍎嶆繛宸簼閻撶喖鏌ｉ弮鍫缂佸妞介弻鐔碱敊閼测晝楔閻庤娲橀崕濂杆囬弻銉︾厓闂佸灝顑嗛埛鎰磼缂佹ḿ绠為柛鈹惧亾濡炪倖甯掔€氼剟鎮炲ú顏呯厱闁归偊鍨辩涵鍫曟煟椤撶噥娈旈柍瑙勫灴閸┿儵宕卞Δ鍐у寲缂備胶铏庨崢濂告偉閻撳海鏆﹂柟杈剧畱缁犲鎮楅棃娑欐喐闁硅櫕绻堝娲焻閻愯尪瀚板褎鎸抽弻鏇㈠幢濡も偓閳ь剙娼￠獮濠囨倷閸濆嫀銊╂煥閺囨浜鹃梺鍛婃煥閹虫ê顫忓ú顏勬嵍妞ゆ挾鍋樻竟鏇熺節閳封偓閸愵喖寮伴悗瑙勬礃閸ㄥ潡鐛Ο灏栧亾濞戞顏堫敁閹惧墎纾藉ù锝呮贡閳藉銇勯幋婵囶棤缂佽京鍋炵换婵嬪礃瑜忕粻姘渻閵堝棗濮傞柛濠冩礋閵嗗倹绺介崨濠勫幈闂佸疇妗ㄧ欢銈夊礉閻旈晲绻嗛柛娆忣槸婵秶鈧娲栫紞濠囥€侀弴銏℃櫜闁告洦鍓欓弨顓炩攽閻樺灚鏆╅柛瀣☉铻炴繛鍡樻尭缁犳壆绱掔€ｎ亞姘ㄩ柡瀣Ч閺屻劑鎮㈤崫鍕戯綁鏌涚€ｅ墎鎮奸柟鑼归濂稿炊閿濆懍澹曞┑顔结缚閸樠囩嵁濮椻偓閺屻倕煤椤忓啯鍠氬銈冨灪閻熲晠骞冨▎鎿冩晢濞达絿枪婵酣姊婚崒娆戭槮闁规祴鍓濈粭鐔肺旈崨顓炲亶闂佺粯鎸哥€垫帡宕甸弴銏＄厱鐟滃酣銆冮崱娑欏亗闁靛濡囩粻楣冩煙鐎电ǹ鍓辨繛鍫熒戦妵鍕晜婵傚憡顎嶇紓浣虹帛缁诲牓宕洪埀顒併亜閹烘垵顏撮柡浣稿€块弻娑㈠焺閸愵亝鍣梺鎸庣☉缁绘ê顫忓ú顏勭闁肩⒈鍓欑敮銉╂⒑閸濄儱校闁绘绮撳顐︻敋閳ь剟鐛惔銊﹀殟闁靛鍎伴崠鏍⒒娴ｅ摜绉洪柛瀣躬瀹曟粌鈽夊杈╃厠闂佺粯鍨剁湁缂佽妫濋弻鐔虹磼濡櫣鐟ㄥ銈呮禋閸嬪﹪寮婚悢鍓叉Ч閹肩补瀵敐澶嬪€甸柣銏ゆ涧鐢爼鏌嶇拠鏌ュ弰妤犵偛顑夐幃顏堝川椤栨氨鍝�
2婵犵數濮烽弫鎼佸磻閻愬搫鍨傞柛顐ｆ礀缁犳壆绱掔€ｎ偓绱╂繛宸簻鎯熼梺鍐叉惈椤戝洨绮欒箛娑欌拺闁革富鍘奸崝瀣亜閵娿儲顥㈢€规洜鏁婚崺鈧い鎺戝閳锋垿鏌涘☉姗堝伐濠殿噯绠戦湁婵犲﹤鎳庢禒杈┾偓瑙勬礃濡炰粙寮幘缁樺亹鐎规洖娲ら獮姗€姊绘担鍛婃儓妞わ富鍨堕幃妯衡攽鐎ｎ亝杈堝┑鐐叉閸ㄧ喖宕戦幘鑸靛枂闁告洦鍓涢敍姗€姊虹粙鎸庢崳闁轰礁顭烽悰顕€宕橀埡鍐炬祫闁诲函缍嗛崑鎺懳涢崘銊㈡斀闁绘劖娼欓悘锔剧棯閺夎法效妤犵偛顦垫俊鍫曞幢濞嗘埈鍟庨梻浣烘嚀椤曨參宕戦悙鏍稿寮介鐔蜂化婵炴挻鑹鹃敃锕傚箖閸忛棿绻嗛柛娆忣槸婵洭鏌嶇拠鏌ュ弰妤犵偛娲畷婊勬媴閾忕懓骞€婵犵數濮烽。钘壩ｉ崨鏉戝瀭闂傚牊绋堥弸宥夋煥濠靛棙濯兼繛灏栨櫊閺屾洘绻涢悙顒佺彆闂佺粯鎸哥换姗€寮诲☉銏犵労闁告劏鏅濋ˇ銊х磽娴ｇ柉鍏屽褎顨婃俊鐢稿礋椤栵絾鏅濋梺闈涚箚閺呮盯宕滈柆宥嗏拺闁圭ǹ娴烽埊鏇㈡煕閺冣偓閻熲晠鎮伴閿亾閿濆簼绨撮柡瀣叄閹﹢鎮欓弶鎴犱喊婵犮垼顫夊ú妯兼崲濞戞瑦缍囬柛鎾楀嫬浠归梺鍝勵儛娴滅偤鍩€椤掍緡鍟忛柛鐘崇墵閹ê鈹戠€ｎ亞鍘撮梺纭呮彧缁犳垹澹曢崗鑲╃闁硅揪缍侀崫娲煟閿濆洦娅曠紒杈ㄦ尰閹峰懏顦版惔銈囩崶闂備胶枪椤戝懘鏁冮妶澶樻晪闁挎繂顦介弫鍡涙煃瑜滈崜鐔煎春閵忊剝鍎熼柍閿亾闁哄閰ｉ弻鐔衡偓鐢登归灞句繆閸欏灏︽慨濠勭帛閹峰懘宕ㄦ繝鍌涙畼闂備浇宕甸崰鍡涘磿閻㈢ǹ鏋侀柛鎰靛枛鍥撮梺鍛婄矆缁€渚€寮查悩宕囩瘈闁汇垽娼ф牎濠殿喗菧閸斿矂鎮鹃崹顐ょ懝闁逞屽墴楠炲啫螖閸涱噮妫冨┑鐐村灦閻熴儵寮抽崼銉︹拺缂侇垱娲樺▍鍛存煕婵犲啰鎽冮柣蹇擃儔濮婅櫣绱掑鍡樼暥闂佺粯顨堥崑銈呯暦濡ゅ拋鏁嗛柛灞剧矌閿涙粓鏌℃径濠勫闁告柨娴风划濠氬箻缂佹ḿ鍘撻梺鑺ッˇ钘壩熼埀顒勬⒑鐠団€虫灆缂侇喗鐟ラ悾鐤亹閹烘繃鏅濋梺闈涚墕缁绘帡鎯岄敓锟�547闂傚倸鍊搁崐椋庣矆娴ｉ潻鑰块梺顒€绉查埀顒€鍊圭粋鎺斺偓锝庝簽閿涙盯姊洪悷鏉库挃缂侇噮鍨堕崺娑㈠箳濡や胶鍘遍梺鍝勬处椤ㄥ棗鈻嶉崨瀛樼厽闊浄绲奸柇顖炴煛瀹€瀣埌閾绘牠鎮楅敐搴′簻妞ゅ骏鎷�4婵犵數濮烽弫鎼佸磻閻愬搫鍨傞柛顐ｆ礀缁犳壆绱掔€ｎ偓绱╂繛宸簼閺呮煡鏌涢妷銏℃珖妞わ富鍨跺娲偡闁箑娈堕梺绋款儑閸犳牠宕洪姀銈呯睄闁逞屽墴婵＄敻宕熼鍓ф澑闂佽鍎抽顓⑺囬柆宥嗏拺缂佸顑欓崕鎰版煙閻熺増鎼愰柣锝呭槻椤粓鍩€椤掑嫨鈧線寮崼婵嗚€垮┑掳鍊曢崯顐︾嵁閹扮増鈷掗柛灞剧懅椤︼箓鏌涘顒夊剰妞ゎ厼鐏濋～婊堝焵椤掆偓閻ｇ兘顢涢悜鍡樻櫇闂侀潧绻堥崹鍝勨枔妤ｅ啯鈷戦梻鍫熶緱濡狙冣攽閳ヨ櫕鍠橀柛鈹垮灲瀵噣宕奸悢鍝勫箥闂備胶顢婇～澶愬礉閺囥垺鍎嶆繛宸簼閻撶喖鏌ｉ弮鍫熸暠閻犳劧绱曠槐鎺撴綇閵娿儳鐟查悗鍨緲鐎氼噣鍩€椤掑﹦绉靛ù婊呭仦缁傛帡鎮℃惔妯绘杸闂佺粯鍔樺▔娑氭閿曞倹鐓曟俊銈呭閻濐亜菐閸パ嶅姛闁逞屽墯缁嬫帟鎽繝娈垮灡閹告娊骞冨畡鎵虫瀻婵炲棙鍨甸崺灞剧箾鐎涙ḿ鐭掔紒鐘崇墵瀵鈽夐姀鐘电杸闂佺ǹ绻愰幗婊堝极閺嶎厽鈷戠紒顖涙礃濞呮梻绱掔紒妯肩疄鐎殿喛顕ч埥澶娾堪閸涱垱婢戦梻浣瑰缁诲倿骞婃惔顭掔稏闁冲搫鎳忛埛鎴︽煕濞戞﹫鍔熼柟铏礈缁辨帗娼忛妸锔绢槹濡ょ姷鍋涚换姗€骞冮埡鍐╁珰闁肩⒈鍓﹂崯瀣⒒娴ｅ憡鍟炲〒姘殜瀹曞綊骞庨崜鍨喘閸╋繝宕ㄩ瑙勫闂佽崵鍋炵粙鍫ュ焵椤掆偓閸樻牗绔熼弴銏♀拻濞达絽鎲＄拹锟犲几椤忓棛纾奸柕濞垮妼娴滃湱绱掗鍛箺鐎垫澘瀚伴獮鍥敇閻樻彃绠婚梻鍌欑閹碱偆鈧凹鍓涢幑銏ゅ箳閺冨洤小闂佸湱枪缁ㄧ儤绂嶅⿰鍫熺厸闁搞儺鐓侀鍫熷€堕柤纰卞厴閸嬫挸鈻撻崹顔界彯闂佺ǹ顑呴敃銈夘敋閿濆洦宕夐悶娑掑墲閻庡姊虹拠鈥崇€婚柛蹇庡嫎閸婃繂顫忕紒妯诲闁荤喖鍋婇崵瀣磽娴ｅ壊鍎愰柛銊ㄥ劵濡喎顪冮妶鍡樺蔼闁搞劌缍婇幃鐐哄垂椤愮姳绨婚梺鍦劋閸╁﹪寮ㄦ繝姘€垫慨妯煎亾鐎氾拷40缂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹妞嬪海鐭嗗〒姘ｅ亾閽樻繃銇勯弽銊х煂闁活厽鎸鹃埀顒冾潐濞叉牕煤閵娧呬笉闁哄啫鐗婇悡娆撴煙椤栧棗鑻▓鍫曟⒑瀹曞洨甯涙慨濠傜秺楠炲牓濡搁妷顔藉缓闂侀€炲苯澧版繛鎴犳暬楠炴牗鎷呴崨濠勨偓顒勬煟鎼搭垳绉靛ù婊冪埣閹垽宕卞☉娆忎化闂佹悶鍎荤徊娲磻閹捐绀傞柛娑卞弾濡粎绱撻崒姘偓宄懊归崶銊ｄ粓闁归棿鐒﹂崑锟犳煃閸濆嫭鍣归柦鍐枔閳ь剙鍘滈崑鎾绘煕閺囥劌浜炴い鎾存そ濮婃椽骞愭惔锝囩暤濠电偠灏欐繛鈧€规洘鍨块獮妯肩磼濡鍔掗梺鑽ゅ枑閻熴儳鈧凹鍓熷畷銏ｃ亹閹烘挴鎷洪梺鍛婄箓鐎氼厼顔忓┑瀣厱閹兼番鍨归悘鈺備繆閸欏濮囨顏冨嵆瀹曞ジ鎮㈤崫鍕闂傚倷鑳剁涵鍫曞礈濠靛枹娲冀椤愩儱小缂備緡鍋勭€殿剟姊婚崒姘偓椋庢濮橆兗缂氱憸宥堢亱闂佸搫鍟崐濠氭儗閸℃褰掓晲閸偄娈欓梺鑽ゅ枑鐎氬牓寮崼婵嗙獩濡炪倖妫侀～澶屸偓鍨墵濮婄粯鎷呴崨濠傛殘婵炴挻纰嶉〃濠傜暦閵忋倖瀵犲璺烘閻庢椽鎮楅崗澶婁壕闂佸憡娲﹂崜娑㈠储闁秵鈷戦柛婵嗗閺嗙偤鏌熺粙鍨挃濠㈣娲熼獮鎰償濞戞鐩庨梻渚€娼ф蹇曟閺団偓鈧倿鎳犻鍌滐紲闂佸搫鍟崐鎼佸几濞戞瑣浜滈柕蹇婂墲缁€瀣煙椤旇娅婃い銏℃礋閿濈偤顢橀悜鍡橆棥濠电姷鏁搁崑鐘诲箵椤忓棛绀婇柍褜鍓氶妵鍕敃閵忊晜鈻堥梺璇″櫙缁绘繈宕洪埀顒併亜閹烘垵顏柍閿嬪浮閺屾稓浠﹂幑鎰棟闂侀€炲苯鍘哥紒顔界懇閵嗕礁鈻庨幇顔剧槇闂佸憡娲﹂崜锕€岣块悢鍏尖拺闁告挻褰冩禍婵囩箾閸欏澧辩紒顔垮吹缁辨帒螣闂€鎰泿闂備浇顫夊畷妯衡枖濞戙埄鏁佺€光偓閸曨剛鍘告繛杈剧到婢瑰﹪宕曡箛鏂讳簻妞ゆ挴鍓濈涵鍫曟煙妞嬪骸鈻堥柛銊╃畺瀹曟宕ㄩ娑樼樆闂傚倸鍊风欢姘跺焵椤掑倸浠滈柤娲诲灦瀹曘垽骞栨担鍦幘闂佸憡鍔樼亸娆撳春閿濆應鏀介柨娑樺閺嗩剟鏌熼鐣屾噰鐎殿喖鐖奸獮瀣敇閻愭惌鍟屾繝鐢靛У椤旀牠宕板Δ鍛櫇闁冲搫鎳庣粈鍌涚箾閹寸偟顣叉い顐ｆ礋閺屻劌鈹戦崱妯轰痪閻熸粎澧楃敮妤呭疾閺屻儲鐓曢柍鈺佸暟閹冲懘鏌ｉ幘鍐测偓鎼佲€旈崘顔嘉ч柛鎰╁妿娴犲墽绱掗悙顒佺凡缂佸澧庨崚鎺楀煛閸涱喖浜滅紒鐐妞存悂寮插┑瀣拺闂傚牊绋撴晶鏇熺箾鐠囇呯暤妤犵偛妫濋弫鎰緞鐎Ｑ勫闂備礁婀辨灙婵炲鍏橀崺銉﹀緞鐎ｃ劋绨婚梺鎸庢椤曆冾嚕椤曗偓閺屾盯鍩為幆褌澹曞┑锛勫亼閸婃牜鏁幒妤佹櫇闁靛／鈧崑鎾愁潩閻愵剙顏�28缂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹妞嬪孩顐介柨鐔哄Т绾捐顭块懜闈涘Е闁轰礁顑囬幉鎼佸籍閸垹绁﹂梺鍛婂姦閸犳牜绮绘繝姘厱闁规崘灏欑粣鏃堟煃閻熸壆绠茬紒缁樼箞婵偓闁挎繂妫涢妴鎰斿Δ濠佺凹闁圭ǹ鍟块悾宄扳攽鐎ｎ亜绐涢柣搴㈢⊕宀ｅ潡宕㈤柆宥嗏拺闁告繂瀚弳濠囨煕鐎ｎ偅灏电紒杈ㄥ笧閳ь剨缍嗛崑鍛暦瀹€鈧埀顒侇問閸ｎ噣宕戞繝鍥х畺濞寸姴顑呴崹鍌涖亜閹扳晛鐏╂鐐村灴濮婄粯鎷呴崨濠冨創濠电偠顕滅粻鎴︼綖濠靛惟闁冲搫鍊告禒顓㈡⒑鐎圭姵銆冮悹浣瑰絻鍗遍柛顐犲劜閻撴瑩鏌ｉ幇闈涘缂傚秵鍨块弻鐔煎礂閸忕厧鈧劙鏌＄仦鐣屝ユい褌绶氶弻娑㈠箻閸楃偛顫囧Δ鐘靛仜缁绘﹢寮幘缁樻櫢闁跨噦鎷�1130缂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹妞嬪海鐭嗗〒姘ｅ亾閽樻繃銇勯弽銊х煂闁活厽鎹囬弻娑㈠箻閼碱剦妲梺鎼炲妽缁诲牓寮婚妸鈺傚亜闁告繂瀚呴姀銏㈢＜闁逞屽墴瀹曟帡鎮欑€电ǹ骞堟繝鐢靛仦閸ㄥ爼鏁冮锕€缁╃紓浣贯缚缁犻箖鏌涢锝囩畼闁绘帗鎮傞弻锛勪沪缁嬪灝鈷夐悗鍨緲鐎氼噣鍩€椤掑﹦绉靛ù婊勭矒閿濈偤宕堕浣叉嫼闂備緡鍋嗛崑娑㈡嚐椤栨稒娅犳い鏇楀亾闁哄本绋掔换婵嬪礋椤掆偓濞堝矂鏌ч懡銈呬槐闁哄本娲熷畷鐓庘攽閸パ屾П濠电姵顔栭崹浼村Χ閹间礁钃熼柨婵嗩槸缁狅綁鏌ｈ箛鏃€銇熷ù婊勭箘缁顓兼径濠囧敹闂佸搫娲ㄩ崰鎾诲储閹间焦鈷戦柛娑橈攻缁€瀣箾娴ｅ啿娲﹂崐鍫曟煥濠靛棙顥犵紒鈾€鍋撻梻渚€鈧偛鑻晶鎾煕閳轰礁顏€规洘岣块幑鍕Ω瑜忛崢顒€鈹戦悩娈挎毌婵℃彃鎳樺畷褰掓濞戞碍娈鹃梻鍌氱墛娓氭宕崨顔剧瘈闂傚牊绋撴晶銏㈢棯閹规劖顥夐棁澶愭煥濠靛棙顕氱憸鐗堝笒濮规煡鏌￠崘銊у闁绘挸鍟伴幉绋库堪閸繄顦у┑鐐村灦绾板秹顢曢懞銉﹀弿婵☆垵娉曢崼顏堟煃瑜滈崜娆撳磹閸ф绠犻柣鎰惈鍞梺鎸庢磵閸嬫捇鏌涢弬鎸庡殗婵﹨娅ｉ幉鎾礋椤愩垹袘闂備礁鎽滈崰搴♂缚閿熺姴绠栭柨鐔哄Т閸楁娊鏌ｉ幇顒傂ｉ柣鈺婂灦楠炲啳顦圭€规洖銈搁、妤呭焵椤掑嫬鐭楅柡鍥╁Х绾捐棄霉閿濆嫮鐭欓柛婵婃缁辨帞鎷犻幓鎺撴鐎光偓閿濆牊纭堕柟椋庡█瀹曪綁宕掑⿰鍐╃亖缂備浇椴哥敮鎺曠亽闂佺粯鍨靛ú銊╂偩鏉堛劊浜滄い鎾墲绾爼鏌熼悷鏉款伃闁圭厧缍婂畷婊堝箛閸撲胶锛熺紓浣介哺鐢繝宕规ィ鍐ㄧ鐎瑰壊鍠曠槐鏃堟煟鎼淬埄鍟忛柛锝庡櫍瀹曟垿宕熼姘卞幒闁瑰吋鐣崝宀€绮诲☉娆嶄簻闁规崘娉涘暩闂佸疇顕ч惌鍌氼潖缂佹ɑ濯撮柣鐔煎亰閸ゅ绱撴担鍓插剱闁搞劌澧庣紓鎾寸鐎ｎ亞鐫勯梺绋挎湰缁苯鐣烽妷鈺傜厽閹兼番鍨婚埊鏇炵暆閿濆懏鍋ラ柛鈹垮灲瀵噣宕奸悢鍝勫箺婵犳鍠楅敃鈺呭礈濮樿缍栨繝鏇炲暞缁绘繈鎮介棃娑楁勃濠电偛鍚嬮悷鈺佺暦閵壯€鍋撻敐搴℃灍闁搞倕鑻灃闁挎繂鎳庨弳娆戠磼閻橀潧鏋涢柡宀€鍠栭獮鍡涙偋閸偅顥夐梻鍌欐祰閿熴儵宕愬┑瀣摕婵炴垯鍨瑰敮闂佺懓鐡ㄧ换鍌炲汲閵徛颁簻闁哄倹顑欏Σ鎼佹煃鐟欏嫬鐏撮柟顔规櫅闇夐悗锝庡亾缁辨岸姊绘笟鈧ḿ褔鎮ч崱娑樼疇閹兼番鍔岄崙鐘崇箾閸℃ɑ灏伴柍閿嬪灴閹綊宕堕敐鍌氫壕闁惧浚鍋嗘禍鏍⒒娴ｅ憡鍟為柡灞诲妽椤ㄣ儵骞栨担鍝ュ幒闂佽宕橀褏绮婚敐澶嬬叆闁哄啫鍊婚幗鍌涙叏婵犲倹鍋ユ慨濠冩そ閺屽懘鎮欓懠璺侯伃婵犫拃灞芥珝鐎殿噮鍋婂畷濂稿Ψ閿旀儳骞堥梺璇茬箳閸嬫稓鏁崫鍕垫僵閻犻缚娅ｉ敍娑㈡⒑閻熸澘鈷旂紒顕呭灦瀵煡骞栨担鍦弳闂佺粯娲栭崐鍦偓姘炬嫹
相关话题/土壤 农业 污染 环境科学 农田
闂傚倸鍊搁崐鐑芥嚄閸洖绠犻柟鍓х帛閸嬨倝鏌曟繛鐐珔缂佲偓婢舵劖鐓欓柣鎴炆戦埛鎰版倵濮橆剦鐓奸柡宀嬬秮瀵噣宕掑顒€顬嗛梺璇插绾板秴鐣濋幖浣歌摕婵炴垶菤閺嬪海鈧箍鍎遍幊搴㈡叏鎼淬劍鈷戦弶鐐村椤斿鏌￠崨顖氣枅妤犵偛鍟伴幑鍕偘閳╁喚娼旈梺鍝勵槸閻楀啴寮插☉姘殰闁靛ě鍛紳婵炶揪绲肩划娆撳传閾忓湱纾奸悹鍥皺婢ф洟鏌ｉ敐鍛Щ妞ゎ偅绻勯幑鍕传閸曨喒鍋撻崸妤佲拺闁告繂瀚崒銊╂煕閵娿儺鐓肩€规洩缍侀獮鍥偋閸垹骞楅梻浣虹帛閿氱€殿喖鐖奸獮鏍箛椤掑鍞甸悷婊冪灱閸掓帒鈻庨幘铏К闂侀潧绻堥崐鏍吹閸愵喗鐓冮柛婵嗗閳ь剚鎮傞幆鍐敃閿旇В鎷洪梺鍛婄☉閿曘儲寰勯崟顖涚厱闁圭偓娼欓崫娲煙椤旀枻鑰挎鐐叉喘閹囧醇濮橆厼顏归梻鍌欑閹诧繝骞愰崱娑樼鐟滃秹藟濮樿埖鈷戞慨鐟版搐閻掓椽鏌涢妸銈呭祮妞ゃ垺宀搁、姗€鎮㈡笟顖涢敜闂備礁鎲＄粙鎴︽晝閵壯呯闁搞儯鍔婃禍婊堟煙閹佃櫕娅呴柣蹇婃櫆椤ㄣ儵鎮欏顔煎壎濠殿喖锕ュ钘夌暦濡ゅ懏鍋傞幖绮光偓鎵挎垿姊绘担瑙勫仩闁搞劏鍋愭禍鎼侇敂閸惊锕傛煙閹殿喖顣奸柡鍛倐閺屻劑鎮ら崒娑橆伓40%闂傚倸鍊搁崐椋庣矆娴ｉ潻鑰块弶鍫氭櫅閸ㄦ繃銇勯弽顐粶缂佲偓婢舵劖鐓涚€广儱楠搁獮鏍煕閵娿儱鈧綊骞堥妸銉庣喖宕稿Δ鈧幗鐢告煟韫囨挾绠伴悗娑掓櫊楠炲牓濡搁妷搴ｅ枛瀹曞綊顢欓幆褍缂氶梻浣筋嚙缁绘劕霉濮橆厾顩叉い蹇撶墕閽冪喖鏌曟繛鍨姉婵℃彃鐗撻弻褑绠涢敐鍛盎濡炪倕楠忛幏锟�
闂傚倸鍊搁崐宄懊归崶顒婄稏濠㈣泛顑囬々鎻捗归悩宸剰缂佲偓婢跺备鍋撻崗澶婁壕闂侀€炲苯澧伴柛鎺撳笧閹风姴顔忛鍏煎€梻浣规偠閸庮垶宕濆畝鍕剭妞ゆ劏鎳囬弨鑺ャ亜閺冨浂娼＄憸鐗堝笒閺勩儵鏌″搴′簵闁绘帒锕ラ妵鍕疀閹捐泛顤€闂佺粯鎸荤粙鎴︹€︾捄銊﹀磯闁绘碍娼欐导鎰版⒑閸濆嫭顥犻柛鐘冲姉閹广垹鈽夊▎蹇曠獮濠碘槅鍨伴幖顐ょ尵瀹ュ棛绡€缁剧増锚婢ф煡鏌熺粙鍨毐闁伙絿鍏橀獮鎺楀箣閺冣偓閺傗偓闂備礁缍婇崑濠囧礈濮橀鏁婇柡鍥╁亹閺€浠嬫煟閹邦剚鈻曢柛銈囧枎閳规垿顢涘鐓庢缂備浇浜崑銈夊春閳ь剚銇勯幒鎴濐仾闁绘挸绻橀弻娑㈠焺閸愮偓鐣堕梺鍝勬４缁插潡鍩€椤掑喚娼愭繛娴嬫櫇缁辩偞绗熼埀顒勫Υ娴ｇ硶妲堥柕蹇娾偓鏂ュ亾閻戣姤鐓冮弶鐐靛椤﹀嘲顭跨憴鍕闁宠鍨块、娆撴儗椤愵偂绨藉瑙勬礋椤㈡﹢鎮╅崗鍝ョ憹闂備礁鎼粙渚€鎮橀幇鐗堝仭闁归潧鍟块悧姘舵⒑閸涘﹥澶勯柛瀣椤㈡牠宕熼鍌滎啎闁诲海鏁告灙鐎涙繈姊虹紒姗嗘當缂佺粯甯掑嵄闁圭増婢樼猾宥夋煕椤愶絿绠樻い鎾存そ濮婅櫣绱掑Ο蹇ｄ邯閹ê顫濈捄铏圭暰闂佹寧绻傞ˇ浼村煕閹烘垯鈧帒顫濋浣规倷婵炲瓨绮嶇换鍫ュ蓟閿涘嫪娌悹鍥ㄥ絻椤鈹戦悙鍙夘棑闁搞劋绮欓獮鍐ㄢ枎閹存柨浜鹃柣銏㈡暩閵嗗﹪鏌＄€ｎ偆澧垫慨濠呮缁辨帒螣閾忛€涙闂佽棄鍟存禍鍫曞蓟閻斿吋鍋い鏍ㄧ懃閹牏绱撴担浠嬪摵閻㈩垪鈧剚鍤曟い鏇楀亾闁糕斁鍋撳銈嗗笒鐎氼參宕戦敓鐘崇叆闁哄啫鍊告禍楣冩煛閸℃ḿ鐭岄柟鍙夋倐閹囧醇濠靛牜鍎岄柣搴ゎ潐閹搁娆㈠璺鸿摕婵炴垟鎳囬埀顒婄畵楠炲鈹戦崶鈺佽拫闂傚倷绀侀幉锟犳嚌妤ｅ啫绠犻幖娣妽缁犳帡姊绘担绋挎倯缂佷焦鎸冲鎻掆槈濠ф儳褰洪梻鍌氬€风欢姘跺焵椤掑倸浠滈柤娲诲灡閺呭爼顢涢悙绮规嫼闂佸吋浜介崕閬嶅煕婵傛繂鈹戦悩鍨毄闁稿鍋涘玻鍨枎閹惧疇袝闁诲函缍嗛崰妤呭吹鐏炶娇鏃堟晲閸涱厽娈紓浣哄Х閸犳牠寮婚悢鐓庣畾闁绘鐗滃Λ鍕⒑鐠囪尙绠烘繛鍛礈閹广垹鈹戠€ｎ亜鐎銈嗗姧缁蹭粙寮冲Δ鍐＝濞达絾褰冩禍鐐節閵忥絽鐓愰柛鏃€鐗犻幃锟犳偄閸忚偐鍘撻悷婊勭矒瀹曟粌鈻庨幇顏嗙畾婵炲濮撮鍡涙偂閺囥垺鐓冮柛婵嗗閳ь剝顕х叅闁圭虎鍠楅悡娑㈡倶閻愯泛袚闁革綀顫夐妵鍕敃閿濆洨鐣甸梺浼欑悼閸忔ê鐣烽崼鏇炵厸闁告劏鏅滈惁鎺楁⒒閸屾瑦绁扮€规洖鐏氶幈銊╁级閹炽劍妞芥俊鍫曞醇濞戞鐫忛梻浣虹帛閸旀洟骞栭锔藉殝閻熸瑥瀚ㄦ禍婊堟煙閻戞ê鐏ラ柍褜鍓欑紞濠傜暦閹存繍娼ㄩ柍褜鍓熷濠氬即閻旇櫣顔曢悷婊冪Ф閳ь剚鍑归崳锝咁嚕閹惰姤鍋愮紓浣骨氶幏娲⒑閸涘﹦鈽夐柨鏇樺€楃划顓㈠箳閹捐尙绠氬銈嗗姧缁查箖藟閸喍绻嗘い鎰╁灪閸ゅ洭鏌涢埡瀣瘈鐎规洏鍔戦、娆撳箚瑜嶉崣濠囨⒒閸屾瑨鍏岀紒顕呭灦瀹曟繈鏁冮崒姘鳖槶濠电偛妫欓崝鏇犳閻愮鍋撻獮鍨姎妞わ缚鍗抽幃鈥斥枎閹炬潙鈧灚绻涢幋鐐垫喗缂傚倹鑹鹃…鑳檨闁告挾鍠栧濠氭偄閸忕厧鍓梺鍛婄缚閸庡疇鈪靛┑掳鍊楁慨鐑藉磻濞戙垺鐓€闁挎繂妫旂换鍡涙煟閹达絾顥夐幆鐔兼⒑闂堟侗妾у┑鈥虫处缁傚秴鐣￠幍铏杸闂佺粯鍔栧ḿ娆撴倶閿旇姤鍙忓┑鐘插閸も偓濡炪値鍘奸悘婵嬶綖濠婂牆鐒垫い鎺戝瀹撲線鏌涢幇鈺佸闁哄啫鐗嗗婵囥亜閺冨洤袚闁绘繍鍋婇弻锝嗘償閳ュ啿杈呴梺绋款儐閹瑰洭寮诲☉銏犵疀妞ゆ挾鍋涙慨銏犫攽閻愯尙澧㈤柛瀣尵閹广垹鈽夊锝呬壕闁汇垻娅ヨぐ鎺濇晛闁规儳澧庣壕鐣屸偓骞垮劙缁€浣圭妤ｅ啯鈷掑〒姘ｅ亾婵炰匠鍏炬稑螖閸涱厾鏌堥梺鍦檸閸犳牜绮婚悩缁樼厪闊洦娲栧暩闂佸搫妫楅澶愬蓟閳╁啫绶為幖娣灮閵嗗﹪姊虹拠鈥虫珯闁瑰嚖鎷�40%闂傚倸鍊搁崐椋庣矆娴ｉ潻鑰块弶鍫氭櫅閸ㄦ繃銇勯弽顐粶缂佲偓婢舵劖鐓涚€广儱楠搁獮鏍煕閵娿儱鈧綊骞堥妸銉庣喖骞愭惔锝冣偓鎰板级閳哄倻绠炴慨濠呮缁瑩骞愭惔銏″缂傚倷娴囬褏绮旈悷鎵殾闁汇垹鎲￠弲婵嬫煃瑜滈崜鐔凤耿娓氣偓濮婅櫣绱掑Ο鍏煎櫑闂佺娅曢崝妤冨垝閺冨牜鏁嗛柛鏇ㄥ墰閸橆亪姊虹化鏇炲⒉妞ゃ劌鎳樺鎶芥偄閸忚偐鍘甸悗鐟板婢瑰棛绮旈悜妯镐簻闁靛繆鍩楅鍫濈厴闁硅揪绠戦悙濠勬喐濠婂嫬顕遍柛鈩冪⊕閳锋帒霉閿濆懏鍟為柟顖氱墦閺岋絽螖娴ｈ櫣鐓夐悗瑙勬礃缁矂鍩ユ径鎰潊闁炽儱鍘栭幋閿嬩繆閻愵亜鈧牠鎮уΔ鍐煓闁圭偓鐪归埀顒€鎳橀幃婊堟嚍閵夈儰鍖栧┑鐐舵彧缁蹭粙骞楀⿰鍫熸櫖鐎广儱娲ㄧ壕鐓庮熆鐠虹尨鍔熷ù鐘灲濡焦寰勭€ｎ剛鐦堥悷婊冪箲閹便劑骞橀鑲╂焾濡炪倖鐗滈崑娑氱不濮樿埖鐓曠€光偓閳ь剟宕戦悙鐑樺亗闁靛濡囩粻楣冩煙鐎电ǹ鈧垿宕烽娑樹壕婵ê宕。鑲╃磼缂佹ḿ娲撮柟顔瑰墲閹棃鍩ラ崱妤€唯缂傚倸鍊风粈渚€宕愰崫銉х煋鐟滅増甯囬埀顑跨窔瀵挳濮€閻欌偓濞煎﹪姊虹紒妯剁細闁轰焦鐡曢埅锟�9闂傚倸鍊搁崐鐑芥嚄閸洏鈧焦绻濋崶褎妲梺鍝勭▉閸撴瑧绱炲鈧缁樼瑹閳ь剟鍩€椤掑倸浠滈柤娲诲灡閺呭爼顢氶埀顒勫蓟濞戞瑧绡€闁告劏鏅涢埀顒佸姍閺岀喖顢涘顒佹婵犳鍠掗崑鎾绘⒑闂堟稓澧曢柟铏姍钘濇い鎰堕檮閳锋垹绱掗娑欑濠⒀冨级缁绘盯鎳犻鈧弸娑㈡煙椤曞棛绡€闁糕晪绻濆畷銊╊敊鐟欏嫬顏归梻鍌欑閹诧繝骞愰崱娑樼鐟滃秹藟濮樿埖鈷戞慨鐟版搐閻掓椽鏌涢妸鈺€鎲炬鐐村姍閹煎綊顢曢敍鍕暰闂佽瀛╃粙鎺曟懌婵犳鍨遍幐鎶藉箖瀹勬壋鏋庨煫鍥ㄦ惄娴犲ジ姊婚崒姘簽闁搞劏娉涢～蹇涙惞鐟欏嫬鍘归梺鍛婁緱閸ㄤ即鎮у鑸碘拺缂佸娼￠妤冣偓瑙勬处閸撶喎锕㈡担绯曟斀妞ゆ柨顫曟禒婊堟煕鐎ｎ偅宕岄柡宀€鍠栭、娆撳Ω閵夛附鎮欓梺缁樺姇閿曨亪寮诲澶婁紶闁告洦鍋呭▓鏌ユ⒑鐠団€崇伈缂傚秳绀侀～蹇撁洪鍕唶闁硅壈鎻徊鍝勎ｉ崼銉︹拺闁稿繐鍚嬮妵鐔兼煕閵娧勬毈濠碉紕鏁婚獮鍥级鐠侯煉绱查梻浣虹帛閸旀ḿ浜稿▎鎾嶅洭顢曢敂瑙ｆ嫼闂佸憡绻傜€氬嘲危鐟欏嫨浜滈柟瀵稿仧閹冲洨鈧娲樼换鍫濈暦閵娧€鍋撳☉娆嬬細闁告ɑ鎮傞幃妤冩喆閸曨剙闉嶉梺鍛婄箓闁帮絽鐣烽幇鏉课у璺猴功閺屽牓姊洪崜鎻掍簴闁稿孩鐓￠幃锟犲即閻樺啿鏋戦柟鑹版彧缁插潡鎯屽▎鎾跺彄闁搞儯鍔庨埥澶愭煟閹烘垹浠涢柕鍥у楠炲鏁愰崨顓炐ラ梻浣呵圭换鎰板嫉椤掑倹宕叉繛鎴欏灩瀹告繃銇勯幇鈺佺仼妞ゎ剙顦靛铏规嫚閳ュ磭浠┑鈽嗗亜閸熸潙顕ｉ锕€绀冮柍鍝勫€搁鎾剁磽娴ｅ壊鍎撴繛澶嬫礃缁傛帡顢橀姀鈾€鎷绘繛杈剧到閹诧繝宕悙鐑樼厽闁靛⿵濡囬惌瀣煙瀹勭増鍤囨鐐存崌楠炴帒顓奸崪浣诡棥濠电姷鏁搁崑鐘诲箵椤忓棛绀婂〒姘ｅ亾鐎殿喗鐓￠幊鐘活敆閸愩剱锟犳⒑鐟欏嫬鍔跺┑顔哄€濋幃锟犲即閻斿墎绠氶梺闈涚墕鐎氼噣藝閿曞倹鐓欓柛蹇撳悑閸婃劙鏌＄仦鐣屝ユい褌绶氶弻娑滅疀閺冨倶鈧帞绱掗鑲╁闁瑰嘲鎳樺畷鐑筋敇瑜庨柨銈夋⒒娴ｅ憡鎯堟繛灞傚姂瀹曚即骞樼拠鑼幋閻庡箍鍎遍ˇ顖滅不閹惰姤鐓欓柟顖滃椤ュ鏌ｉ幒鎴犱粵闁靛洤瀚伴獮瀣攽閸粏妾搁梻浣呵归敃銉ノｇ€ｎ剛纾介柛灞捐壘閳ь剟顥撶划鍫熺瑹閳ь剙顕ｉ悽鍓叉晢闁逞屽墴閳ユ棃宕橀钘夌檮婵犮垹鍘滈弲婊堟儎椤栨氨鏆︾紒瀣嚦閺冨牆鐒垫い鎺戝暟缁犺姤绻濋悽闈涗哗闁规椿浜炵槐鐐哄焵椤掍胶绠鹃柛婊冨暟缁夘喚鈧娲╃紞渚€宕洪埀顒併亜閹哄秷鍏岀紒鐘荤畺閺岀喓鈧數枪娴狅箓鏌ｉ幘鍗炲姢缂佽鲸甯℃俊鎼佹晜婵劒铏庨梻浣虹《閺備線宕戦幘鎰佹富闁靛牆妫楅悘锕傛倵缁楁稑鎳愰惌鍫澝归悡搴ｆ憼闁绘挾鍠愰妵鍕疀閹炬潙娅ら柣蹇撻獜缁犳捇寮婚悢纰辨晩闁兼亽鍎禒銏ゆ⒑鏉炴壆鍔嶉柛鏃€鐟ラ悾鐑藉醇閺囩偟鍘搁梺绋挎湰缁嬫垿宕濆鈧濠氬磼濞嗘埈妲梺纭咁嚋缁绘繈骞婂┑瀣鐟滃宕戦幘鎰佹僵闁绘挸楠搁埛瀣節绾板纾块柡浣筋嚙閻ｇ兘宕奸弴銊︽櫌闂佺ǹ鏈銊╁Χ閿曞倹鈷掑ù锝呮啞閸熺偤鏌涢弮鈧悧鐐哄Φ閹版澘绀冩い鏃傛櫕閸樻劙姊绘笟鍥у缂佸鏁婚幃陇绠涘☉娆戝幈闂佸疇妫勫Λ妤呯嵁濡ゅ懏鍊垫慨妯煎亾鐎氾拷

Free考研考试FreeKaoYan.Com
欢迎来到Free考研考试，"为实现人生的Free而奋斗"

© 2020 FreeKaoYan! . All rights reserved.