司梦可^{1, 2,},
曹建生^1,,,
阳辉¹,
朱春雨¹
1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室 石家庄 050022
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC0406501-02
国家自然基金项目41877170
河北省重点研发计划项目20324203D
河北省创新能力提升计划项目20536001D

详细信息

作者简介:司梦可, 主要研究方向为山地生态水文过程研究。E-mail:13253671220@163.com

通讯作者:曹建生, 主要从事山地生态水文过程与降水资源调控机制研究。 E-mail:caojs@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号:S157.2

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-03-08
录用日期:2020-07-21
刊出日期:2020-11-01

Soil water variation of different vegetation community in Taihang Mountain Area

SI Mengke^{1, 2,},
CAO Jiansheng^1,,,
YANG Hui¹,
ZHU Chunyu¹
1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: National Key Research and Development Project of China2018YFC0406501-02
National Natural Science Foundation of China41877170
Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province, China20324203D
Pro-motion Project of Creation Ability of Hebei Province, China20536001D

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Corresponding author:CAO Jiansheng, E-mail:caojs@sjziam.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:为了解太行山区主要植被类型的土壤水分状况，选取太行山区4种典型植被——小麦/玉米（农作物）、黄背草（草本）、荆条（灌木）和核桃（乔木），利用大型称重式蒸渗仪，监测了4种植被2018年和2019年生长季（4—10月）的土壤水分、深层渗漏和蒸散发要素，并利用数理统计方法分析了土壤含水量的变化特征。结果表明，2018年小麦/玉米、黄背草、荆条和核桃地平均土壤含水量分别为0.30 cm³·cm^-3、0.35 cm³·cm^-3、0.32 cm³·cm^-3和0.36 cm³·cm^-3，而2019年平均土壤含水量分别为0.28 cm³·cm^-3、0.26 cm³·cm^-3、0.23 cm³·cm^-3和0.31 cm³×cm^-3，相比于2017年生长季末（11月）土壤含水量，2018年小麦/玉米、黄背草、荆条和核桃地土壤含水量下降幅度分别为0.05 cm³·cm^-3、0.04 cm³·cm^-3、0.09 cm³·cm^-3和0.05 cm³·cm^-3，2019年下降幅度分别为0.07 cm³·cm^-3、0.13 cm³·cm^-3、0.18 cm³·cm^-3和0.10 cm³·cm^-3，荆条地土壤水分的下降幅度最大，小麦/玉米地下降幅度最小。在垂直方向上，4种植被土壤水分变化趋势一致，随着土层深度的增加土壤含水量逐渐降低，但对土壤水分的获取深度有所差异。土壤水分获取深度小麦/玉米主要为45~100 cm，黄背草和核桃主要为100~150 cm，荆条主要为150~180 cm。形成这一结果的原因可能是根系分布的差异，小麦/玉米和黄背草为禾本科植物，根系分布在浅层土壤，虽然核桃为乔木，但其为浅根植物，而荆条在主根周围分布有丰富的侧根，且主根延伸到土层深部，能够获取深层土壤水分。这表明荆条是该地区主要耗水物种，在太行山区绿化植被的选取和生态系统的管理和修复中，应尽量减少荆条的覆盖面积。
关键词:太行山区/
蒸渗仪测量/
土壤水分/
根系分布/
植被类型
Abstract:Soil water storage and movement are highly heterogeneous across ecosystems. However, variation characteristics of soil moisture are not well understood at present, due to the high heterogeneity of environmental conditions. The Taihang Mountain region is an important water collection area of the North China Plain, and a functional area for water conservation in the national Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy. However, little is known about the soil water regime of the main plant species that inhabit this region. In this study, the soil water content for four representative vegetation types, Triticum aestivum/Zea mays, Themeda triandra var. Japonica, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Juglans regia, that are widely distributed in the semi-arid area of the Taihang Mountain, were observed using large scale weighing lysimeters, during the growing season (April to October) in 2018 and 2019. Weighing lysimeters systematically measured the soil water content, seepage, and evapotranspiration among different vegetation communities, and the collected data on the variation characteristic of soil moisture content for four vegetation types were analyzed by means of statistical analysis. The results showed that average soil water content for T. aestivum/Z. mays, T. triandra, V. negundo, and J. regia were 0.30 cm³·cm^-3, 0.35 cm³·cm^-3, 0.32 cm³·cm^-3 and 0.36 cm³·cm^-3 in 2018, and 0.28 cm³×cm^-3, 0.26 cm³·cm^-3, 0.23 cm³·cm^-3 and 0.31 cm³·cm^-3 in 2019, respectively. Similarly, the decrease of soil water content for T. aestivum/Z. mays, T. triandra, V. negundo, and J. regia were 0.05 cm³×cm^-3, 0.04 cm³·cm^-3, 0.09 cm³·cm^-3, and 0.05 cm³·cm^-3 in 2018, and 0.07 cm³×cm^-3, 0.13 cm³·cm^-3, 0.18 cm³·cm^-3, and 0.10 cm³·cm^-3 in 2019, respectively, compared to the soil water content at the end of growing season (December) of 2017. The decrease of the soil water content for V. negundo was greatest, and that for T. aestivum/Z. mays was the smallest, among the four vegetation types. The direction of vertical gradient of soil water content was consistent among the four vegetation types, with the soil water content decreasing as the depth of soil increased. However, the depth of water uptake from soil was discrepant. In T. aestivum/Z. mays fields, the main depth was between 45-100 cm. In T. triandra and J. regia fields, the main soil depth was between 100-150 cm. In V. negundo fields, the main soil depth was between 150-180 cm. These results may be due to differences in root distribution. T. aestivum/Z. mays and T. triandra are from Gramineae family, and their root systems are distributed in shallow soil. Although J. regia is arboreal, it has shallow-rooted plants. V. exnegundo has lateral roots radiating out from the main root crown, one or more deeply penetrating tap (sinker) roots, and can uptake water from deep soil. This indicated that V. exnegundo was the species with the greatest water consumption. The pattern of plant water consumption needs to be considered in plant species selection, ecological management, and restoration of semi-arid ecosystems in the Taihang Mountain region.
Key words:Taihang Mountain/
Lysimeter measure/
Soil water content/
Root distribution/
Vegetation type

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图1多年平均降雨(1987—2019年)及2018年和2019年月降雨与气温分布图
Figure1.Monthly variation of multi-year precipitation (1987–2019), and temperature and precipitation in 2018 and 2019


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图22018年和2019年生长季(4—10月)不同植被覆盖条件下土壤含水量季节变化
Figure2.Seasonal variations of soil water contents under different vegetation covers in the growth seasons (April October) of 2018 and 2019


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图32018年和2019年生长季不同植被类型0~180 cm土层土壤储水量变化
Figure3.Change characteristics of soil water storage in 0 180 cm soil layer under different vegetation covers in the growth seasons of 2018 and 2019


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图42018年和2019年生长季不同植被类型0~72.5 cm和72.5~200 cm土层土壤水分亏缺度
Figure4.Variation of soil water deficit of the soil depths of 0 72.5 cm and 72.5 200 cm under different vegetation covers in the growth seasons of 2018 and 2019


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图52018年和2019年生长季不同植被类型蒸散发量分布状况
Figure5.Monthly evapotranspiration under different vegetation covers in the growth seasons of 2018 and 2019


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图6对荆条灌丛管理与利用以改善区域土壤水分状况的流程图
Figure6.Flow chart of measures of management and utilization of Vitex negundo to improve water conservation


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图7坡地孔隙开挖剖面图
Figure7.Profile of slope pore excavation


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图8坡地孔隙开挖方式俯视图
Figure8.Vertical view of pore excavation on slope


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表1蒸渗仪内植被生长状况
Table1.Vegetative growth status in the lysimeter

年份 Year	植被种类 Type of vegetation	盖度 Cover degree (%)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎秆直径 Stem diameter (cm)
2018	小麦 Triticum aestivum	95	40	—
	玉米 Zea mays	85	180	—
	黄背草 Themeda japonica	90	50	—
	荆条 Vitex negundo	85	70	1.3±0.35
	核桃 Juglans regia	50	230	4.1
2019	小麦 Triticum aestivum	93	35	—
	玉米 Zea mays	83	165	—
	黄背草 Themeda japonica	90	52	—
	荆条 Vitex negundo	87	65	1.32±0.40
	核桃 Juglans regia	50	235	4.2

下载: 导出CSV
表22018年和2019年研究区不同植被类型0~200 cm土层年平均土壤含水量
Table2.Average annual soil water content in 0 200 cm soil layer under different vegetation covers in the study area in 2018 and 2019?cm³·cm^-3

年份 Year	小麦/玉米 Triticum aestivum / Zea mays	黄背草 Themeda japonica	荆条 Vitex negundo	核桃 Juglans regia
2018	0.30	0.35	0.32	0.36
2019	0.28	0.26	0.23	0.31

下载: 导出CSV
表33 2018和2019年4种植被类型各土层深度土壤含水量变化
Table3.Soil moisture content and variation in depth of each soil layer in different plots of 2018 and 2019

年份 Year	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤含水量Soil water content (cm3·cm–3)
		小麦/玉米 Triticum aestivum / Zea mays	黄背草 Themeda japonica	荆条 Vitex negundo	核桃 Juglans regia
2018	5	0.24	0.24	0.18	0.19
2019		0.24	0.21	0.19	0.19
2018	15	0.20	0.26	0.17	0.28
2019		0.20	0.23	0.19	0.25
2018	45	0.25	0.32	0.26	0.37
2019		0.22	0.22	0.21	0.32
2018	100	0.31	0.38	0.29	0.40
2019		0.28	0.25	0.24	0.33
2018	150	0.36	0.45	0.34	0.46
2019		0.34	0.33	0.25	0.38
2018	180	0.43	0.45	0.33	0.45
2019		0.41	0.36	0.23	0.39

下载: 导出CSV

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