马琨1, 2, 3,,,
李倩3,
李光文3,
崔慧珍3
1.宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地 银川 750021
2.宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室 银川 750021
3.宁夏大学农学院 银川 750021
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31660132
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目2018BBF03002
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目2019BBF03011
详细信息
作者简介:伏云珍, 主要从事农业生态学研究。E-mail:2398525469@qq.com
通讯作者:马琨, 主要从事农田生态学和土壤微生物生态学研究。E-mail:makun0411@nxu.edu.cn
中图分类号:S154.37计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-03-31
录用日期:2020-06-03
刊出日期:2020-11-01
Effects of potato intercropped with maize on soil bacterial diversity
FU Yunzhen1, 2,,MA Kun1, 2, 3,,,
LI Qian3,
LI Guangwen3,
CUI Huizhen3
1. National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Northwest Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31660132
the Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region2018BBF03002
the Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region2019BBF03011
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Corresponding author:MA Kun, E-mail:makun0411@nxu.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:为探明连续马铃薯、玉米单作及间作种植对土壤细菌群落组成的影响，利用IonS5TMXL高通量测序平台，分析了单作玉米（M）、单作马铃薯（P）、马铃薯||玉米间作（PM）下，土壤细菌群落组成以及多样性间的差异。结果表明：与单作相比，马铃薯||玉米间作土壤有机质含量显著升高（P < 0.05），但土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效钾、土壤pH等没有显著变化。所获得的56 787个土壤细菌可操作分类单元（OTUs）共分为46门、55纲、114目、208科、455属。土壤变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）细菌占总相对丰度的57.68%~65.11%，为优势菌门；间作对土壤细菌群落多样性（香农指数、辛普森指数）、丰富度（ACE指数和Chao1指数）无显著影响，但改变了基于门、属水平上的细菌群落组成。与单作马铃薯相比，间作显著降低了土壤变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度（P=0.023），提高了浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）的相对丰度（P=0.043）。在属水平上，相对丰度较低的芽单胞菌属（Gemmatimonas）、Candidatus Solibacter属更易受到种植方式的影响；间作提高了节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、芽球菌属（Blastococcus）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的相对丰度。随细菌群落结构变化，细菌群落功能上出现差异，通过KEGG功能预测共得到7个一级功能层，35个二级功能层，表现出功能上的丰富性，土壤细菌群落在代谢、遗传信息处理和细胞过程方面功能活跃。7个一级功能层中的代谢功能组在马铃薯||玉米间作与马铃薯单作间有显著差异。利用前向选择，经蒙特卡罗检验表明，连续马铃薯、玉米单作及间作栽培5年后的土壤各理化性状指标与土壤细菌群落组成、多样性间的相关性均不显著。连续马铃薯||玉米间作及单作5年条件下土壤细菌群落组成的变化是由马铃薯||玉米间作作物种间互利和竞争关系而驱动的。
关键词:马铃薯||玉米间作/
细菌群落/
多样性/
功能预测/
高通量测序/
种间关系
Abstract:One of the reasons for the replanting problem in continuous potato cropping is the change in the soil microbial community structure. Many studies have shown that reasonable intercropping can alleviate replant disease, and the relationships of crop-soil-microorganisms are a hot topic in current agricultural ecosystem research. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the difference in the soil bacterial community composition after continuous potato and maize monoculture and intercropping. The IonS5TMXL high-throughput sequencing platform was used to analyze the soil bacterial community composition and diversity under maize monoculture (M), potato monoculture (P), and potato intercropped with maize (PM). The results revealed that soil organic matter significantly increased in the treatment of potato intercropped with maize (P < 0.05), when compared with the monocultures. However, there were no significant changes in the soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium, and pH among different treatments. Moreover, the total 56 787 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) of bacteria were classified as 46 phyla, 55 classes, 114 orders, 208 families, and 455 genera. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla and accounted for 57.68%-65.11% of the total relative abundance of bacteria. The diversity index (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) and the richness index (ACE and Chao1) of soil bacterial communities did not change; however, the relative abundance of the soil bacterial communities changed at the phylum and genus levels. Compared to the potato monoculture, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased significantly after potato was intercropped with maize (P=0.023), while the relative abundance of Planctomycetes increased (P=0.043). Furthermore, Gemmatimonas and Candidatus Solibacter, with lower relative abundance, were found to be more easily influenced by the planting patterns. Moreover, intercropping increased the relative abundance of Arthrobacter, Blastococcus, and Bacillus. With the change in the bacterial community, the soil bacterial functions were separately classified into 7 and 35 functional categories at hierarchy level 1 and 2, respectively, using the KEGG function prediction, which implied abundant soil bacteria functions. From this, we garnered that soil bacteria were active in metabolic processes, genetic information processing, and cellular processes. Furthermore, the metabolic functional groups in the 7 primary functional layers had significant differences between potato intercropped with maize and potato monoculture (P=0.046). Additionally, forward selection of the soil environmental factors was used, and the result of the Monte Carlo test showed that there was no significant correlation between soil physicochemical and biological properties and the soil bacterial community composition and diversity after the five-year experiment. In conclusion, the relationship between the interspecific mutualism and competition in potato intercropped with maize was the driving factor of the change in the soil bacterial community.
Key words:Potato intercropped with maize/
Bacterial community/
Diversity/
Function prediction/
High-throughput sequencing/
Interspecific relationship
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图1马铃薯||玉米间作对土壤细菌相对丰度的影响(a:门水平; b:属水平)
M:单作玉米; P:单作马铃薯; PM:马铃薯||玉米间作。
Figure1.Relative abundance of soil bacterial at the phylum (a) and genus (b) levels under potato||maize intercropping
M: maize monoculture; P: potato monoculture; PM: potato||maize intercropping.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2基于门水平的马铃薯、玉米单作及间作下土壤细菌群落结构的NMDS分析
M:单作玉米; P:单作马铃薯; PM:马铃薯||玉米间作。
Figure2.Results of Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) based on the relative abundance of bacterial phyla under potato and maize monoculture and intercropping
M: maize monoculture; P: potato monoculture; PM: potato||maize intercropping.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3马铃薯||玉米间作下预测的细菌功能分组一级(a)、二级(b)功能层热图
M:单作玉米; P:单作马铃薯; PM:马铃薯||玉米间作。
Figure3.Heat map illustrating the clustering of functional profiles predicted under potato and maize monoculture and intercropping (a: hierarehy level 1; b: hierarehy level 2)
M: maize monoculture; P: potato monoculture; PM: potato||maize intercropping.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4马铃薯||玉米间作下基于门水平上土壤细菌的相对丰度(a)和多样性及丰富度(b)与土壤环境因子间的RDA分析
M:单作玉米; P:单作马铃薯; PM:马铃薯||玉米间作。OM:有机质; TP:全磷; AP:速效磷; TN:全氮; AN:碱解氮; AK:速效钾; RI:呼吸强度; SMBC:微生物生物量碳; C/N:碳氮比; Pro:变形菌门; Aci:酸杆菌门; Act:放线菌门; Bac:拟杆菌门; Gem:芽单胞菌门; Chl:绿弯菌门; Tha:奇古菌门; Nit:硝化螺旋菌门; Ver:疣微菌门; Fir:厚壁菌门。
Figure4.Redundancy analysis of relative abundance of soil bacteria at phylum level (a), bacterial diversity and richness (b) with soil physical, chemical characteristics under potato and maize monoculture and intercropping
M: maize monoculture; P: potato monoculture; PM: potato||maize intercropping.OM: organic matter; TP: total phosphorus; AP: available phosphorus; TN: total nitrogen; AN: available nitrogen; AK: available potassium; RI: respiration intensity; SMBC: soil microbial biomass carbon; C/N: carbon to nitrogen ratio; Pro: Proteobacteria; Aci: Acidobacteria; Act: Actinobacteria; Bac: Bacteroidetes; Gem: Gemmatimonadetes; Chl: Chloroflexi; Tha: Thaumarchaeota; Nit: Nitrospirae; Ver: Verrucomicrobia; Fir: Firmicutes.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1连续马铃薯||玉米间作对作物产量及土地当量比的影响(201—2018年)
Table1.Yield, land equivalent ratio and interspecific competitiveness of potato||maize intercropping system from 2014 to 2018
| 年份 Year | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio | 玉米相对于马铃薯的竞争力 Interspecific competitiveness of maize versus potato | |||
| 单作玉米 Maize monoculture | 单作马铃薯 Potato monoculture | 间作玉米 Intercropped maize | 间作马铃薯 Intercropped potato | |||
| 2014 | 7 493.85±567.75 | 17 863.05±883.80 | 12 112.65±435.45 | 14 607.30±633.30 | 1.22 | 0.80 |
| 2015 | 9 545.85±622.80 | 31 891.80±906.00 | 10 294.95±536.55 | 29 605.35±735.30 | 1.00 | 0.17 |
| 2016 | 8 802.30±1 303.35 | 28 137.00±5 402.25 | 9 895.50±491.25 | 27 312.30±2 177.25 | 1.05 | 0.15 |
| 2017 | 8 297.40±1 519.20 | 22 175.40±2 875.35 | 6 588.15±1 929.75 | 21 916.65±1 550.70 | 0.91 | -0.16 |
| 2018 | 11 395.50±953.10 | 19 654.05±1 482.15 | 13 002.90±922.20 | 24 026.25±7 019.55 | 1.19 | -0.08 |
| 平均Average | 9 046.98 | 24 052.26 | 10 378.83 | 23 493.57 | / | / |
下载: 导出CSV表2马铃薯和玉米单作及间作5年后土壤基础理化及生物学性状
Table2.Soil basic physicochemical and biological properties of monoculture of potato and maize and their intercropping for 5 years
| 性状 Property | 试验前 Before experiment | 单作玉米 Maize monoculture | 单作马铃薯 Potato monoculture | 马铃薯||玉米间作 Potato||maize intercropping |
| 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 1.65±0.02a | 0.83±0.04b | 0.80±0.05b | 0.82±0.03b |
| 全磷 Total P (g·kg-1) | 1.35±0.05a | 0.92±0.56b | 0.87±0.44b | 1.03±0.37b |
| 碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg-1) | 70.00±0.00a | 47.52±1.92b | 46.27±2.76b | 47.46±4.00b |
| 速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) | 49.24±0.16a | 25.75±5.05c | 30.45±5.14b | 30.00±5.08bc |
| 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) | 380.00±0.00a | 180.34±13.86b | 191.25±17.64b | 179.20±10.71b |
| 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 33.28±0.10a | 18.33±0.44c | 18.36±0.56c | 19.21±0.86b |
| pH | 8.37±0.03a | 8.30±0.03a | 8.27±0.05a | 8.30±0.02a |
| 碳氮比 C/N | — | 12.78±0.76a | 13.31±0.87a | 13.54±0.81a |
| 呼吸强度 Respiration intensity (mL·kg-1) | — | 39.66±4.75a | 39.53±4.29a | 41.91±5.11a |
| 微生物量碳 Microbial biomass C (mg·kg-1) | — | 472.04±67.75a | 323.16±118.61a | 413.89±107.43a |
| ??表中数据为平均值±标准差, 同行不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences (P < 0.05). | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表3马铃薯、玉米单作及间作栽培对土壤细菌群落Alpha多样性的影响
Table3.Effects of potato and maize monoculture and intercropping on soil bacterial community alpha diversity
| 指标 Index | 单作玉米 Maize monoculture | 单作马铃薯 Potato monoculture | 马铃薯||玉米间作 Potato||maize intercropping |
| 覆盖度 Goods coverage (%) | 98.76±0.25a | 98.60±0.31a | 98.75±0.26a |
| 香农指数 Shannon index | 9.25±0.16a | 9.23±0.11a | 9.24±0.16a |
| 辛普森指数 Simpson index | 0.996±0.001a | 0.995±0.001a | 0.995±0.001a |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 2 466.58±230.46a | 2 719.55±662.51a | 2 494.75±283.87a |
| ACE指数 ACE index | 2 477.44±204.48a | 2 599.71±203.33a | 2 513.57±233.16a |
| 物种数 Observed species | 2 194.25±122.72a | 2 264.75±94.74a | 2 233.75±136.88a |
| ??表中数据为平均值±标准差, 同行不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences (P < 0.05). | |||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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