王小非,
李太魁,
寇长林,
河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/农业部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站/河南省农业生态环境重点实验室 郑州 450002
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0800600
国家重点研发计划项目2017YFC0212400
国家自然科学基金项目41807098
详细信息
作者简介:吕金岭, 研究方向为农田氮素循环和氨排放。E-mail:lvjinling2008@163.com
通讯作者:寇长林, 研究方向为农田土壤肥力提升。E-mail:koucl@126.com
中图分类号:S19计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-06-20
录用日期:2020-10-07
刊出日期:2020-12-01
Ammonia emission characteristics and emission coefficients of wheat and corn rotation cropland under different fertilization methods in lime concretion black soil
LYU Jinling,WANG Xiaofei,
LI Taikui,
KOU Changlin,
Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2017YFD0800600
the National Key Research and Development Program of China2017YFC0212400
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41807098
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Corresponding author:KOU Changlin, E-mail:koucl@126.com
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摘要
摘要:土壤类型对于农田氨挥发影响较大，而关于砂姜黑土农田氨挥发特征及排放系数研究相对较少，不利于区域性农田土壤氨排放清单的准确评估。基于此，选取豫南典型砂姜黑土为研究对象，设置不施肥(CK)、传统施肥(TR)、优化施肥(OPT)、再优化施肥(ZOPT)和缓控肥(HK)5种施肥处理，利用密闭海绵法，探究砂姜黑土农田不同施肥方式下冬小麦-夏玉米轮作土壤氨挥发特征，并尝试确定氨排放系数。结果表明：砂姜黑土传统施肥条件下冬小麦季土壤氨挥发量为11.1 kg·hm-2，夏玉米季氨挥发量为13.4 kg·hm-2，说明夏玉米季是砂姜黑土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田氨的高排放时期。对比不同处理的氨挥发量，发现ZOPT和HK处理冬小麦季和夏玉米季的氨挥发量显著低于其他处理(P < 0.05)，其次为OPT处理，TR处理的氨挥发量最高。HK处理的氨排放系数最低，其中冬小麦季和夏玉米季分别为1.7%和1.5%，显著低于其他处理(P < 0.05)；其次为ZOPT和OPT处理，其氨排放系数冬小麦季分别为2.1%和2.6%，夏玉米季分别为2.6%和3.6%；TR处理的氨排放系数最高，冬小麦季和夏玉米季分别为3.6%和4.7%。不同施肥处理氨挥发量与施肥量的拟合结果表明，随施肥量增加，冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田氨挥发显示出较强的线性增长趋势，其中夏玉米季和冬小麦季的R2分别为0.934和0.931，说明该区域砂姜黑土传统施肥量的氨挥发未出现明显的激发性增长现象。本研究结果可为砂姜黑土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田氮肥利用率的提高和氮排放清单的估算提供依据。
Abstract:Soil type affects farmland ammonia volatilization, but few studies have examined ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients. Therefore, the accurate inventory of regional farmland soil ammonia emissions is disadvantaged. Lime concretion black soil found in southern Henan, China, was used to explore the ammonia volatilization characteristics of winterwheat-summer maize-rotated cropland by the closed-sponge method. The soil was unfertilized (CK) or treated with traditional fertilizer (TR), optimized fertilizer (OPT), re-optimized fertilizer (ZOPT), or slow-controlled fertilizer (HK), and the ammonia emissions coefficient was determined. The results showed that the winter wheat and summer maize ammonia volatilization amounts using the traditional fertilizer treatment were 11.1 and 13.4 kg·hm-2, respectively. Summer maize ammonia emission was 21% higher than winter wheat, indicating that the summer maize season was a high-volume period. Winter wheat and summer maize treated with HK and ZOPT had the lowest ammonia emission coefficients (HK:1.7% for winter wheat, 1.5% for summer maize; ZOPT:2.1% for winter wheat, 2.6% for summer maize; P < 0.05), the OPT treatment had moderate coefficients (2.6% for winter wheat, 3.6% for summer maize), and the TR treatment had the highest coefficients (3.6% for winter wheat, 4.7% for summer maize). The ammonia emissions fertilization gradients and fertilization amounts were plotted, and the ammonia volatilization amounts under variable fertilization treatments were linear (R2:0.931 for winter wheat, 0.934 for summer maize). These results may help to improve nitrogen fertilizer use and the ammonia emission inventory and provide basis for nitrogen emission estimation of winter wheat-summer maize rotation in lime concretion black soil croplands.
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图12017—2018年试验期间的气温与降水量
Figure1.Temperature and precipitation during the experiment period in 2017-2018
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图2试验期间砂姜黑土冬小麦季和夏玉米季耕层土壤体积含水量、电导率和温度的变化
Figure2.Dynamics of soil moisture content, electrical conductivity and temperature of ploughed soil layer in winter wheat and summer maize rotation seasons during the experimental period
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3冬小麦季和夏玉米季不同施肥处理典型施肥期氨挥发速率
试验各处理介绍见表 1。
Figure3.Ammonia volatilization rates in typical fertilization periods of different fertilization treatments in winter wheat and summer maize seasons
The description of each treatment is shown in the table 1.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4冬小麦季和夏玉米季不同施肥处理典型施肥期氨累积挥发量
试验各处理介绍见表 1。
Figure4.Cumulative ammonia volatilization in typical fertilization periods of different fertilization treatments in winter wheat and summer maize seasons
The description of each treatment is shown in the table 1.
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图5不同施肥处理夏玉米季土壤NH4-N和NO3-N浓度动态变化
试验各处理介绍见表 1。
Figure5.Dynamics of soil NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations under different fertilization treatments in summer maize seasons
The description of each treatment is shown in the table 1.
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图6不同施肥处理夏玉米季氨挥发量与土壤NH4-N浓度的相关性
试验各处理介绍见表 1。
Figure6.Correlation between ammonia emissions and soil NH4-N concentration under different fertilization treatments in summer maize season
The description of each treatment is shown in the table 1.
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图7砂姜黑土农田夏玉米季和冬小麦季氨挥发与施肥量的响应关系
Figure7.Correlation between ammonia volatilization in summer maize and winter wheat seasons and fertilizer application rate in lime concretion black soil
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1砂姜黑土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田不同施肥处理的施肥量
Table1.Fertilization amounts of different fertilization treatments of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in lime concretion black soil ?
| 作物 Crop | 处理 Treatment | 氮肥N fertilizer | 磷肥 P2O5 | 钾肥 K2O | ||
| 总量 Total | 基肥 Basal | 追肥 Topdressing | ||||
| 夏玉米 Summer maize | CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| TR | 280 | 168 | 112 | 67.5 | 67.5 | |
| OPT | 232 | 139 | 93 | 67.5 | 67.5 | |
| ZOPT | 196 | 118 | 78 | 67.5 | 67.5 | |
| HK | 202 | 202 | 0 | 67.5 | 67.5 | |
| 冬小麦 Winter wheat | CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90.0 | 90.0 |
| TR | 255 | 153 | 102 | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
| OPT | 225 | 135 | 90 | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
| ZOPT | 180 | 108 | 72 | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
| HK | 225 | 225 | 0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
| HK处理的氮肥为聚脲甲醛缓释肥; 其他处理氮肥为尿素。The nitrogen fertilizer of the treatment HK is a polyurea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer; the urea is used in other treatments. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2冬小麦和夏玉米季不同施肥处理作物产量、氮肥利用率、氨净挥发量及排放系数
Table2.Crop yields, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates, net ammonia emissions and emission factors in winter wheat and summer maize seasons under different fertilization treatments
| 作物 Crop | 处理 Treatment | 施氮量 Nitrogen fertilization rate (kg·hm-2) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (t·hm-2) | 地上部吸氮量 Nitrogen uptake of overground part (kg·hm-2) | 氮肥利用 率Nitrogen use efficiency (%) | 氨挥发量 Ammonia emission (kg·hm-2) | 氨排放系数 Ammonia emission factor (%) |
| 夏玉米 Summer maize | CK | 0 | 3.42d | 44.3d | / | / | / |
| TR | 280 | 8.84a | 154.4b | 39.3c | 13.4a | 4.7a | |
| OPT | 232 | 8.75b | 152.7bc | 46.7b | 8.7b | 3.6b | |
| ZOPT | 196 | 8.68c | 151.2c | 54.5a | 5.2c | 2.6c | |
| HK | 202 | 9.04a | 158.7a | 56.6a | 3.2d | 1.5d | |
| 冬小麦 Winter wheat | CK | 0 | 3.4d | 69.0d | / | / | / |
| TR | 255 | 8.3b | 174.3b | 41.3c | 11.1a | 3.6a | |
| OPT | 225 | 8.9a | 186.9a | 52.4a | 7.5b | 2.6b | |
| ZOPT | 180 | 7.0c | 159.0c | 50.0b | 5.4c | 2.1c | |
| HK | 225 | 9.1a | 186.6a | 52.3a | 5.6c | 1.7d | |
| 试验各处理介绍见表 1。不同小写字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著性。The description of each treatment is shown in the table 1. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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