夜间增温与农田铜污染对小麦吸持铜的影响

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邓祎^1,,
寇太记^1,,,
赖路宽^{1, 2},
徐晓锋¹,
王旭刚¹,
马明³
1.河南科技大学农学院洛阳 471023
2.霍尔果斯市农业农村局伊犁 835221
3.洛阳市农业技术推广服务中心洛阳 471023
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41601309
河南科技大学创新团队项目2015TTD002

详细信息

作者简介:邓祎, 主要研究方向为植物营养与气候环境变化。E-mail: diong123@126.com

通讯作者:寇太记, 主要研究方向为资源利用与气候变化。E-mail: tjkou@haust.edu.cn

中图分类号:S154;X16

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-07-30
录用日期:2021-02-02
刊出日期:2021-05-01

Effects of night warming and soil copper contamination on copper retention in wheat

DENG Yi^1,,
KOU Taiji^1,,,
LAI Lukuan^{1, 2},
XU Xiaofeng¹,
WANG Xugang¹,
MA Ming³
1. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
2. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Horgos, Yili 835221, China
3. Luoyang Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Luoyang 471023, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41601309
the Science and Technology Innovation Teamof Henan University2015TTD002

More Information

Corresponding author:KOU Taiji, E-mail: tjkou@haust.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:当前部分农业土壤铜（Cu）富集与非对称气候变暖潜在地影响我国小麦生产，理解夜间增温与土壤Cu污染对小麦吸持利用Cu的影响有助于确保小麦的安全优质生产。本研究利用田间被动式夜间增温系统，设置土壤Cu污染与对照对比盆栽试验，研究小麦地上部物质积累、不同组织Cu含量与积累量、Cu迁移系数对增温的响应。结果表明，夜间增温显著增加小麦茎叶（增幅为25.1%）、穗（增幅为221.3%）、地上部（增幅为22.7%）和全株（增幅为22.3%）的生物量，能缓解土壤Cu污染对小麦生长的抑制。夜间增温使对照处理小麦茎叶、穗、地上部与全株的Cu积累量显著增加14.7%~56.5%；使Cu污染下小麦根、穗和全株的Cu积累量显著增加12.1%~22.8%，却使Cu污染下小麦茎叶Cu含量显著降低13.9%。夜间增温和Cu污染胁迫影响Cu在不同小麦组织间的迁移和利用，夜间增温显著增加了对照处理下Cu由根向茎的迁移系数，但由茎向叶、茎向穗的迁移系数显著降低；Cu污染胁迫下，夜间增温显著降低了由根向茎的转运，且未显著影响Cu由茎向叶的转运，却增加了茎向穗的转运利用。Cu污染胁迫改变了小麦吸收利用Cu对夜间增温的响应规律。夜间增温有利于小麦生物产量、缓解Cu胁迫生长危害，但增加了Cu胁迫农田粮食遭受Cu污染的潜在风险。
关键词:冬小麦/
夜间增温/
铜污染/
生物量/
迁移系数
Abstract:Grain production in China is subject to the stresses of copper (Cu) contamination in agricultural soils and asymmetric climate warming; it is vital to understand the effects of these dual pressures on crop growth and production. Since asymmetric climate warming and soil Cu accumulation potentially affect wheat production in China, it is important to analyze the effects of night warming on the uptake and distribution of Cu in wheat under Cu pollution stress. A pot experiment was conducted during the 2018-2019 wheat growth season on the Experimental Farm of the Henan University of Science and Technology (34°35N, 112°24E), an agricultural area with an annual average temperature of 14.86℃ and annual average precipitation of 600 mm. The experiment had two temperature treatments (a control group and night warming under a passive night warming system) and two levels of Cu pollution (6 mg·kg^-1[control] and 155 mg·kg^-1[Cu pollution]). The Cu-polluted soils in the pots were collected from a Cu single factor contaminated site at the Kaiyuan Campus Farm of Henan University of Science and Technology. The crop responses (vs. Luohan 11) to night warming and Cu contamination with respect to yield, biomass of different aboveground tissues, and content, accumulation, and translocation coefficients of Cu in the aboveground tissues were investigated. The results showed that night warming significantly increased the crop straw, spike, aboveground, and total biomasses by 25.1%, 21.3%, 22.7%, and 22.3%, respectively, and could alleviate the inhibition of Cu pollution on wheat growth. Night warming significantly increased the straw Cu content by 26.3% in the control group, but significantly decreased the straw Cu content by 13.9% in the Cu pollution groups. In the control group, night warming significantly increased Cu accumulation by 14.7%-56.5% in the straw, spike, aboveground, and whole plant. In the Cu pollution groups, night warming increased Cu accumulation by 12.1%-22.8% in the roots, spikes, and whole plant. Night warming and Cu pollution affected the migration and utilization of Cu in different tissues. Night warming significantly increased the Cu translocation coefficient from root to stem and decreased the stem to leaf and stem to spike Cu translocation coefficients in the control. Night warming significantly decreased Cu transport from root to stem, did not affect Cu transport from stem to leaf, and increased Cu transport from stem to spike in the Cu pollution groups. Cu pollution changed the response law of wheat Cu absorption and utilization as it related to night warming. This study illustrated that night warming improved wheat production and alleviated the harmful growth-related effects of Cu stress, however, if increased potential risk of Cu pollution on grain crop quality.
Key words:Winter wheat/
Night warming/
Cu pollution/
Biomass/
Translocation coefficient

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图12018—2019年小麦生长期间被动式夜间增温系统的麦田土壤温度变化
NT: 常温; HT: 夜间增温。
Figure1.Variation of soil temperature as affected by the passive night warming system in wheat field during winter wheat growth season in 2018?2019
NT: normal temperature; HT: night warming.

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图2夜间增温与Cu污染对小麦不同部位生物量的影响
NT: 常温; HT: 夜间增温。CK: 无Cu污染对照, 有效铜含量为6 mg?kg^?1; Cu: Cu污染土壤, 有效铜含量为155 mg?kg^?1。不同字母表示同一部位不同处理间P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure2.Effects of night warming and Cu pollution on biomass of different parts of wheat
NT: normal temperature; HT: night warming. CK: control with 6 mg?kg^?1 soil available Cu content; Cu: Cu polluted soil with 155 mg?kg^?1 soil available Cu content. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments of the same wheat parts at P < 0.05 level.

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表1夜间增温与Cu污染对小麦生物量、Cu含量和Cu积累量的影响效应
Table1.Influencing effects of temperature and Cu pollution on biomass, copper content and accumulation of wheat

项目Item	因素Factor	根Root		茎叶Straw		穗Spike		地上部Aboveground		总量Total
项目Item	因素Factor	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
生物量Biomass	T	0.764	0.407	6.469	0.035	23.459	0.001	24.949	0.001	24.820	0.001
	Cu	70.989	0.000	140.085	0.000	1062.950	0.000	849.930	0.000	853.862	0.000
	T?Cu	0.632	0.450	2.484	0.154	11.160	0.010	10.841	0.011	10.367	0.012
Cu含量Cu content	T	0.039	0.848	2.666	0.141	0.120	0.738	—	—	—	—
	Cu	937.947	0.000	546.084	0.000	14.854	0.005	—	—	—	—
	T?Cu	0.002	0.965	5.014	0.055	0.020	0.890	—	—	—	—
Cu积累量Cu accumulation	T	4.285	0.072	2.000	0.195	3.989	0.081	9.889	0.014	10.891	0.011
	Cu	367.903	0.000	220.634	0.000	211.588	0.000	0.330	0.582	147.411	0.000
	T?Cu	5.259	0.051	1.502	0.255	0.949	0.359	4.135	0.076	0.009	0.927
T: 夜间增温; Cu: Cu污染。T: night warming; Cu: soil Cu pollution.

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表2夜间增温和铜污染对小麦不同部分Cu含量和Cu积累量的影响
Table2.Effects of night warming and Cu pollution on Cu contents and Cu accumulation in different parts of wheat

温度Temperature	处理Treatment	Cu含量Cu content (mg?kg^?1)				Cu积累量Cu accumulation (μg?pot^?1)
温度Temperature	处理Treatment	根Root	茎叶Straw	穗Spike	根Root	茎叶Straw	穗Spike	地上部Aboveground	总量Total
NT	CK	17.77±1.31b	1.86±0.12d	4.83±0.91b	35.09±4.43c	70.90±5.44c	299.33±0.84b	370.23±5.35c	405.32±2.57d
NT	Cu	367.19±16.33a	22.41±1.45a	6.78±0.26a	296.04±17.21b	314.82±16.22a	97.80±2.11d	412.62±17.45b	708.65±33.16b
HT	CK	16.03±1.30b	2.35±0.31c	4.57±0.33b	31.64±2.96c	110.95±15.64b	343.45±29.39a	454.40±14.08a	486.03±16.83c
HT	Cu	364.42±15.78a	19.30±0.59b	6.67±0.33a	363.45±25.11a	317.68±19.58a	112.99±3.60c	430.67±22.93ab	794.13±33.87a
NT: 常温; HT: 夜间增温。CK: 无Cu污染对照, 有效铜含量为6 mg?kg^?1; Cu: Cu污染土壤, 有效铜含量为155 mg?kg^?1。同列不同字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。NT: normal temperature; HT: night warming. CK: control with 6 mg?kg^?1 soil available Cu content; Cu: Cu polluted soil with 155 mg?kg^?1 soil available Cu content. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表3夜间增温与Cu污染下小麦不同部位间的Cu迁移系数
Table3.Cu translocation factors between different parts of wheat affected by night warming and Cu pollution

温度Temperature	Cu含量Cu content	迁移系数Translocation factor
温度Temperature	Cu含量Cu content	茎向叶From stem to leaf	茎向穗From stem to spike	根向茎From root to stem
NT	CK	6.621±0.384a	5.727±1.259a	0.050±0.008c
NT	Cu	1.327±0.153c	0.336±0.000d	0.055±0.004b
HT	CK	2.995±0.679b	2.782±0.668b	0.118±0.032a
HT	Cu	1.281±0.032c	0.367±0.007c	0.050±0.002c
NT: 常温; HT: 夜间增温。CK: 无Cu污染对照, 有效铜含量为6 mg?kg^?1; Cu: Cu污染土壤, 有效铜含量为155 mg?kg^?1。同列不同字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。NT: normal temperature; HT: night warming. CK: control with 6 mg?kg^?1 soil available Cu content; Cu: Cu polluted soil with 155 mg?kg^?1 soil available Cu content. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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