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长江中游稻田种植模式对土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
袁嘉欣,
杨滨娟,
胡启良,
唐海鹰,
李淑娟,
黄国勤,
江西农业大学生态科学研究中心 南昌 330045
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2016YFD0300208
国家自然科学基金项目41661070
中国工程院咨询研究课题2017-XZ-28-03

详细信息
作者简介:袁嘉欣, 主要研究方向为农业生态学。E-mail: 1319454104@qq.com
通讯作者:黄国勤, 研究方向为作物栽培、耕作制度、农田生态环境。E-mail: hgqjxes@sina.com
中图分类号:S344.17

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收稿日期:2020-12-08
录用日期:2021-03-08
刊出日期:2021-07-01

Effects of paddy field cropping patterns on soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

YUAN Jiaxin,
YANG Binjuan,
HU Qiliang,
TANG Haiying,
LI Shujuan,
HUANG Guoqin,
Ecological Science Research Center of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFD0300208
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41661070
the Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering2017-XZ-28-03

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Corresponding author:HUANG Guoqin, E-mail: hgqjxes@sina.com


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摘要
摘要:为探讨稻田种植模式对土壤有机碳库的影响，优化种植制度，以长江中游地区种植面积较广的紫云英-早稻-晚稻种植模式（CRR）为对照，设置油菜-早稻-晚稻（RRR）、马铃薯-早稻-晚稻（PRR）、紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆（CRI）、油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆（RRI）5种种植模式，通过测定土壤有机碳、活性有机碳及其组分的含量和作物产量，分析其对土壤有机碳、活性有机碳及其组分、碳库管理指数及经济效益的影响。结果表明：晚稻收获后，与CRR处理相比，CRI、RRI、RRR处理的土壤有机碳含量提高12.06%~21.01%（P < 0.05），CRI、RRI、PRR处理的活性有机碳和微生物量碳含量比对照处理分别提高16.80%~20.45%和38.24%~50.00%（P < 0.05），各处理的可溶性有机碳含量提高3.13%~15.64%（P>0.05），CRI、RRI处理能显著促进土壤总有机碳和微生物量碳含量的积累，PRR处理则有利于土壤活性有机碳含量的积累。PRR处理提高了土壤碳库活度和碳库活度指数，RRI、CRI处理提高了土壤碳库指数，且CRI、RRI、PRR处理的土壤碳库管理指数均显著高于对照17.30%~33.49%（P < 0.05）。与对照相比，PRR、CRI处理的经济效益分别提高12.05%和9.86%（P < 0.05）。作物产量与微生物量碳存在极显著正相关关系（P < 0.01），土壤碳库管理指数与活性有机碳相关系数最高，呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）。综上所述，与对照相比，各种植模式均有利于增加作物产量并可引起土壤有机碳及其组分的变化，其中紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆和马铃薯-早稻-晚稻模式的综合效果较好，可以在长江中游地区推广应用。
关键词:稻田/
种植模式/
土壤活性有机碳/
碳库管理指数/
经济效益
Abstract:To explore the effects of paddy field planting patterns on soil organic carbon pools and to optimize cropping systems, in this study, we examined five typical paddy field cropping patterns in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, including Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice (CRR, control), rape-early rice-late rice (RRR), potato-early rice-late rice (PRR), Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean (CRI), and rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean (RRI). Soil organic carbon, active organic carbon and its components, carbon pool management index, and economic benefits were analyzed by measuring the content of soil organic carbon, the active organic carbon components in the paddy fields, and the crops yields. The results showed that after late rice harvest, compared to CRR, the CRI, RRI, and RRR treatments increased the soil organic carbon content by 12.06%-21.01% (P < 0.05); the CRI, RRI, and PRR treatments increased the active organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content by 16.80%-20.45% and 38.24%-50.00% (P < 0.05), respectively; while CRR, RRI, RRR and PRR increased the dissolved organic carbon content by 3.13%-15.64% (P>0.05). The CRI and RRI treatments significantly promoted the accumulation of soil total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, while the PRR treatment promoted the accumulation of soil active organic carbon. Compared to CRR, PRR increased the soil carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index; RRI and CRI increased the soil carbon pool index; and CRI, RRI, and PRR significantly increased the soil carbon pool management index by 17.30%-33.49% (P < 0.05). The economic benefits of PRR and CRI increased by 12.05% and 9.86%, respectively (P < 0.05). There was an extremely significant positive correlation between rice yield and microbial biomass carbon (P < 0.01), and the correlation coefficient between the soil carbon bank management index and active organic carbon was the highest, with a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01). In summary, each cropping pattern is beneficial for increasing crop yield and changing the content of soil organic carbon and its components. Among them, Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean and potato-early rice-late rice have better comprehensive effects, which can be popularized and applied in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Key words:Paddy field/
Cropping patterns/
Soil active organic carbon/
Carbon pool management index/
Economic benefits

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图1稻田不同种植模式对土壤总有机碳含量的影响
CRR(CK): 紫云英-早稻-晚稻; CRI: 紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; RRR: 油菜-早稻-晚稻; RRI: 油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; PRR: 马铃薯-早稻-晚稻。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Effects of different cropping patterns in paddy fields on total soil organic carbon content
CRR (CK): Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice; CRI: Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; RRR: rape-early rice-late rice; RRI: rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; PRR: potato-early rice-late rice. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表1稻田不同种植模式对土壤活性有机碳组分及碳素有效率的影响
Table1.Effects of different cropping patterns in paddy fields on contents of soil active organic carbon and its' components and carbon efficiency
采样时间
Sampling time		处理
Treatment		活性有机碳
Active organic carbon (g·kg–1)		活性有机碳有效率
Efficiency of active organic carbon (%)		可溶性有机碳
Dissolved organic carbon (g·kg–1)		可溶性有机碳有效率
Efficiency of dissolved organic carbon (%)		微生物量碳
Microbial biomass carbon (g·kg–1)		微生物量碳有效率
Efficiency of microbial biomass carbon (%)
早稻收获后
After the early rice is harvested		CRR(CK)1.78±0.03b10.10±1.21b0.15±0.01c0.86±0.04ab0.30±0.02a1.63±0.32c
CRI2.08±0.23a10.58±0.68b0.19±0.01b1.01±0.22ab0.34±0.04a1.77±0.34ab
RRR2.12±0.22a10.43±1.82b0.23±0.02a1.11±0.02a0.37±0.06a1.61±0.10c
RRI2.25±0.11a10.43±1.88b0.16±0.02bc0.77±0.17b0.39±0.06a1.86±0.36ab
PRR2.36±0.12a14.38±2.56a0.14±0.01c0.87±0.06ab0.37±0.09a2.20±0.06a
晚稻收获后
After the late rice is harvested		CRR(CK)4.94±0.18b29.72±3.5ab0.32±0.01a1.91±0.04a0.34±0.05c2.06±0.39b
CRI5.77±0.13a30.38±4.2ab0.36±0.04a1.88±0.15a0.50±0.02a2.62±0.04ab
RRR4.55±0.27b24.28±2.4b0.33±0.03a1.77±0.21a0.39±0.03bc2.09±0.23b
RRI5.85±0.23a28.87±1.6ab0.37±0.03a1.81±0.18a0.51±0.06a2.34±0.44ab
PRR5.95±0.26a36.61±5.7a0.34±0.02a2.09±0.23a0.47±0.05ab2.85±0.34a
CRR(CK): 紫云英-早稻-晚稻; CRI: 紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; RRR: 油菜-早稻-晚稻; RRI: 油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; PRR: 马铃薯-早稻-晚稻。数据为3个重复的平均值±标准差, 同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CRR(CK): Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice; CRI: Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; RRR: rape-early rice-late rice; RRI: rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; PRR: potato-early rice-late rice. The data are means ± standard deviations. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表2稻田不同种植模式对土壤碳库管理指数的影响
Table2.Effects of different cropping patterns in paddy fields on soil carbon pool management indexes
采样时间
Sampling time		处理
Treatment		稳态碳
Stable carbon (g·kg–1)		碳库指数
Carbon pool index		碳库活度
Activity of carbon pool		碳库活度指数
Carbon pool activity index		碳库管理指数
Carbon pool management index
早稻收获后
After the early rice is harvested		CRR(CK)15.94±1.04bc1.06±0.06b0.11±0.01b0.77±0.06b81.71±1.94c
CRI17.71±0.97ab1.19±0.07a0.12±0.01b0.81±0.08b96.20±11.39bc
RRR18.49±0.71a1.23±0.03a0.12±0.02b0.80±0.11b97.87±11.81b
RRI19.12±0.84a1.28±0.06a0.12±0.00b0.81±0.01b104.24±5.24ab
PRR14.45±1.23c1.01±0.08b0.16±0.01a1.13±0.04a113.48±5.08a
晚稻收获后
After the late rice is harvested		CRR(CK)11.82±0.97bc1.01±0.05b0.44±0.19ab2.90±0.35bc290.67±21.79bc
CRI13.26±1.14ab1.14±0.06a0.44±0.04ab3.02±0.30b343.14±17.59ab
RRR14.22±0.92a1.13±0.05a0.32±0.04b2.22±0.30c249.32±28.03c
RRI14.42±0.41a1.22±0.02a0.41±0.03ab2.80±0.21bc340.95±26.13ab
PRR10.54±1.12c0.99±0.08b0.58±0.10a3.94±0.63a387.90±40.02a
CRR(CK): 紫云英-早稻-晚稻; CRI: 紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; RRR: 油菜-早稻-晚稻; RRI: 油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; PRR: 马铃薯-早稻-晚稻。数据为3个重复的平均值±标准差, 同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CRR (CK): Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice; CRI: Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; RRR: rape-early rice-late rice; RRI: rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; PRR: potato-early rice-late rice. The data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表3稻田不同种植模式的水稻产量
Table3.Rice yields of different cropping patterns in paddy fields?kg·hm–2
处理
Treatment		早稻产量
Early rice yield		晚稻产量
Late rice yield		两季总产量
Total yield
CRR(CK)7559.60±243.09ab10 176.67±141.60b17 736.26±362.95c
CRI6892.93±240.25bc13 752.37±465.95a20 645.30±342.01a
RRR6512.12±155.71bc10 650.33±140.94b17 162.45±383.28c
RRI5931.31±624.74c12 957.64±468.63a18 888.95±381.63b
PRR8086.87±187.3a10 763.44±415.51b18 850.31±421.75b
CRR(CK): 紫云英-早稻-晚稻; CRI: 紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; RRR: 油菜-早稻-晚稻; RRI: 油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; PRR: 马铃薯-早稻-晚稻。处理CRI、RRI的晚稻产量由旱作物产量根据当季作物价格比折算成晚稻产量; 数据为3个重复的平均值±标准差, 同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CRR(CK): Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice; CRI: Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; RRR: rape-early rice-late rice; RRI: rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; PRR: potato-early rice-late rice. The late rice yield of CRI and RRI treatments were converted from the dry crop yield into the late rice yield based on the crop price ratio of the current season. The data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表4稻田不同种植模式对经济效益的影响
Table4.Effects of different cropping patterns in paddy fields on economic incomes?￥?hm–2
处理
Treatment		产量收入
Grain income		农业投入Agricultural input经济效益
Economic income
土地租金
Land rent		种子
Seed		肥料
Fertilizer		农药
Pesticide		耕作
Tillage
CRR(CK)46 114.28c8995.5024601768.80947.537496.2524 446.20±1634.48b
CRI53 677.79a8995.5073783209.40710.647496.2526 857.70±1540.20a
RRR44 622.38c8995.5022501768.80947.537496.2523 164.30±825.37b
RRI49 111.28b8995.5071683209.40710.647496.2522 501.19±1718.62b
PRR49 010.81b8995.5024101768.80947.537496.2527 392.73±1899.28a
CRR(CK): 紫云英-早稻-晚稻; CRI: 紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; RRR: 油菜-早稻-晚稻; RRI: 油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆; PRR: 马铃薯-早稻-晚稻。处理CRI、RRI的晚稻产量由旱地作物产量根据当季作物价格比折算成晚稻产量; 2019年晚稻谷子收购价为2.6元·kg–1, 晚大豆价格为4.75元·kg–1, 甘薯价格为1.35元·kg–1。数据为3个重复的平均值±标准差, 同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CRR(CK): Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice; CRI: Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; RRR: rape-early rice-late rice; RRI: rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean; PRR: potato-early rice-late rice. The late rice yield of CRI and RRI treatments were converted from the dryland crop yield into the late rice yield based on the crop price ratio of the current season. The purchase price of late rice in 2019 was 2.6 ￥·kg–1, late soybean price was 4.75 ￥·kg–1 and sweet potato price was 1.35 ￥·kg–1. The data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表5稻田土壤活性有机碳、碳库管理指数与产量的相关性
Table5.Correlations between soil active organic carbon, carbon pool management index and yield in rice field
总有机碳
Total organic carbon		活性有机碳
Active organic carbon		可溶性有机碳
Dissolved organic carbon		微生物量碳
Microbial biomass carbon		活性有机碳有效率
Efficiency of active organic carbon		可溶性有机碳有效率
Efficiency of dissolved organic carbon		微生物量碳有效率
Efficiency of microbial biomass carbon		土壤碳库管理指数
Carbon pool management index
活性有机碳
Active organic carbon		0.460
可溶性有机碳
Dissolved organic carbon		0.679**0.412
微生物量碳
Microbial biomass carbon		0.576*0.655**0.474
活性有机碳有效率
Efficiency of active organic carbon		–0.4750.562*–0.1750.143
可溶性有机碳有效率
Efficiency of dissolved organic carbon		–0.544*0.4620.189–0.2430.528*
微生物量碳有效率
Efficiency of microbial biomass carbon		–0.3040.601*–0.0820.751**0.659**0.268
土壤碳库管理指数
Carbon pool management index		0.1740.957**0.2700.551*0.780**0.546*0.667**
产量Yield0.747**0.576*0.2960.685**–0.130–0.684**0.0610.370
*、**分别表示显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)相关。* and ** mean significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.


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