聚乙烯微塑料对玉米根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

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丁峰^1,,
赖金龙²,
季晓晖³,
罗学刚^{1, 2,,}
1.西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院绵阳 621010
2.西南科技大学生物质材料教育部工程研究中心绵阳 621000
3.陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院汉中 723000
基金项目: 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室公开基金项目SKLNBC2019-21

详细信息

作者简介:丁峰, 主要研究方向为环境污染生物效应与生物修复研究。E-mail:1946533708@qq.com

通讯作者:罗学刚, 主要研究方向为环境污染生物效应与生物修复研究。E-mail:lxg@swust.edu.cn

中图分类号:S154.31

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-08-17
录用日期:2021-01-17
网络出版日期:2021-06-22
刊出日期:2021-06-01

Effects of polyethylene microplastics on the microbial community structure of maize rhizosphere soil

DING Feng^1,,
LAI Jinlong²,
JI Xiaohui³,
LUO Xuegang^{1, 2,,}
1. College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Biological Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
3. College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
Funds: the Open Fund Project of the National Key Laboratory of National Nuclear and Biochemical Disaster ProtectionSKLNBC2019-21

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Corresponding author:LUO Xuegang, E-mail:lxg@swust.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:为了研究聚乙烯类微塑料对玉米根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响，以玉米为试材，以平均分子量为2000、5000、10万的聚乙烯粉末模拟土壤中的微塑料污染，设置5个处理：不添加聚乙烯（CK）、添加分子量为2000（T1）、5000（T2）、10万以上（T3）的聚乙烯且种植玉米、未添加聚乙烯未种植玉米（CK0），分析玉米抽穗期各部位矿质元素代谢和根际土壤微生物群落结构差异。结果显示，矿质元素含量在玉米各部位存在差异，Fe、Cu主要集中在玉米根部，Ca、Mn、Mg在叶中分布最多，K主要集中在茎中；添加不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料后，不同部位的矿质元素较CK增加，且T1处理下增加最多。微生物多样性分析显示，不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料对玉米根际微生物群落组成影响不同。T1处理下除变形杆菌纲、伯克氏菌科细菌丰度增加外，其他细菌丰度较CK均减少；T3处理下，细菌和真菌的丰度较CK都有较大幅度的增加。总体来看，添加聚乙烯后，玉米不同部位矿质元素含量较CK显著增加，2000分子量聚乙烯能够显著降低土壤中细菌和真菌的丰度，10万以上分子量聚乙烯使得土壤中细菌和真菌丰度增加，各处理中与环境污染物降解相关的微生物增多。
关键词:微塑料/
聚乙烯/
分子量/
根际微生物/
群落结构/
矿质元素/
玉米
Abstract:The use of agricultural polyethylene films results in polyethylene microplastic accumulation in the soil, causing microplastic pollution, which has attracted the attention of scholars worldwide. To study the effects of polyethylene microplastics on the microbial community structure of crop rhizosphere soil, corn was grown with different polyethylene powders (average molecular weights:2000, 5000, and ≥ 100 000) to simulate microplastic pollution in agricultural soil. There were five treatments in this experiment:planting maize without polyethylene (CK), planting maize with 2000 (T1), 5000 (T2), and ≥ 100 000 (T3) molecular weight polyethylene powder, and non-planting maize without polyethylene (CK0). Differences in mineral element metabolism in different parts of maize plant at the heading stage and variation in the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure were analyzed. The results showed that the mineral element content differed in different parts of maize. Iron and copper were mainly concentrated in the roots; calcium, manganese, and magnesium were most abundant in the leaves; and potassium was mainly concentrated in the stems. After adding the polyethylene microplastics of different molecular weights, the mineral elements in different parts of the plant increased compared with CK; the increase was greatest under the 2000 molecular weight polyethylene treatment. Microbial diversity analysis showed that the polyethylene microplastics had different effects on the microbial community composition in the maize rhizosphere. Except for Proteobacteria and Burkholderiaceae, the abundance of bacteria decreased under the 2000 molecular weight polyethylene treatment compared to CK. The abundance of bacteria and fungi increased under the ≥ 100 000 molecular weight polyethylene treatment compared to CK. In general, the mineral elements contents in different parts of the maize plant increased compared with CK after the addition of polyethylene. Two-thousand molecular weight polyethylene reduced the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil, whereas ≥ 100 000 molecular weight polyethylene increased the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil; the number of microorganisms related to the degradation of environmental pollutants in each treatment increased, which helped the soil cope with microplastics stress.
Key words:Microplastics/
Polyethylene/
Molecular weight/
Rhizosphere microorganism/
Community structure/
Mineral elements/
Corn

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图1不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料处理下玉米土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B)主成分分析
CK0为既未添加微塑料也未种植植物处理, CK为未添加微塑料处理, T1、T2和T3为添加分子量为2000、5000和10万以上的微塑料处理。
Figure1.Principal component analysis of bacteria (A) and fungus (B) of corn soil containing polyethylene microplastics with different molecular weights
CK0 is treatment of not-planting corn without microplastics; CK is treatment of no adding microplastic; T1, T2 and T3 are treatments of adding microplastic with molecular weight of 2000, 5000 and above 100-thousand, respectively.

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图2不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料处理下玉米土壤细菌群落(A)和真菌群落(B)基于纲水平的分布
CK0为既未添加微塑料也未种植植物处理, CK为未添加微塑料处理, T1、T2和T3为添加分子量为2000、5000和10万以上的微塑料处理。
Figure2.Distribution of bacterial community (A) and fungal community (B) at class level in corn soils containing polyethylene microplastics with different molecular weights
CK0 is treatment of not-planting corn without microplastics; CK is treatment of no adding microplastic; T1, T2 and T3 are treatments of adding microplastic with molecular weight of 2000, 5000 and above 100-thousand, respectively.

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图3不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料处理下土壤细菌群落(A)和真菌群落(B)基于科水平的分布
CK0为既未添加微塑料也未种植植物处理, CK为未添加微塑料处理, T1、T2和T3为添加分子量为2000、5000和10万以上的微塑料处理。
Figure3.Distribution of bacterial community (A) and fungal community (B) at family level of in corn soils containing polyethylene microplastics with different molecular weights
CK0 is treatment of not-planting corn without microplastics; CK is treatment of no adding microplastic; T1, T2 and T3 are treatments of adding microplastic with molecular weight of 2000, 5000 and above 100-thousand, respectively.

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表1不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料对玉米不同部位矿质元素含量的影响
Table1.Effect of polyethylene microplastics with different molecular weights on mineral elements contents of differentorgans of corn ?mg?kg^?1

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Mn
根 Roots	CK	8090.75±1.03d	876.75±1.03d	1909.88±2.68d	1113.13±1.34d	51.61±0.16d	61.50±0.35d
	T1	8987.75±1.15aB	1260.63±3.86bB	2109.63±5.82cB	1649.63±1.08aA	61.04±0.22cA	124.39±0.17aA
	T2	8505.75±3.51bB	1160.25±1.65cB	2168.75±1.95bB	1474.25±0.60bA	71.51±0.22aA	118.73±0.18bB
	T3	8319.88±1.75cB	1361.50±1.65aB	2710.75±3.40aB	1382.5±1.77cA	68.91±0.18bA	106.70±0.20cB
茎 Stems	CK	8509.00±3.47d	415.25±2.84b	173.89±1.95d	361.63±0.65d	5.25±0.25b	19.50±0.04d
	T1	10 102.50±1.47aA	415.25±2.65bC	234.21±2.41cC	693.88±4.04bB	4.75±0.25bB	47.79±0.18cC
	T2	9152.13±1.89bA	422.63±2.56aC	369.04±3.07aC	571.45±0.05cC	6.38±0.41aB	67.38±0.22aC
	T3	8528.50±0.62cA	413.50±1.46bC	279.10±2.72bC	782.38±1.88aB	6.63±0.41aB	49.63±0.85bC
叶 Leaves	CK	6152.38±1.78d	2825.75±2.84c	3705.00±7.91b	575.50±0.61d	5.63±0.41ab	140.00±1.41c
	T1	7430.00±2.47aC	2967.25±3.11aA	4458.75±5.44aA	657.88±1.47bC	5.13±0.22bB	119.38±0.54dB
	T2	6621.50±1.97cC	2633.25±3.12dA	3638.75±2.16cA	916.75±1.44aB	5.25±0.25abC	176.63±0.96aA
	T3	6852.00±2.03bC	2865.38±2.75bA	3567.50±7.50dA	608.00±1.06cC	6.00±0.35aB	144.63±1.88bA
CK为未添加微塑料处理, T1、T2和T3为添加分子量为2000、5000和10万以上的微塑料处理。不同小写字母表示同一部位下各处理在P < 0.05水平差异显著, 不同大写字母表示在同一处理中不同部位间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。CK is treatment of no-adding microplastic; T1, T2 and T3 are treatments of adding microplastic with molecular weight of 2000, 5000 and above 100-thousand, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments in the same organ, and different capital letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different organs in the same treatment.

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表2不同分子量聚乙烯微塑料对玉米土壤细菌和真菌多样性的影响
Table2.Effects of polyethylene microplastics with different molecular weights on diversity indexes of soil bacteria and fungi of corn

微生物 Microbia	处理 Treatment	OTU	Chao1	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage
细菌 Bacteria	CK0	3464±90	5040.50±143.31	10.19±0.06	0.99	0.94
	CK	3495±139	5090.49±191.62	10.27±0.08	0.99	0.94
	T1	3231±195	4669.13±276.69	9.86±0.30	0.99	0.94
	T2	3401±19	5012.52±41.76	10.02±0.01	0.99	0.94
	T3	3474±67	5117.35±82.72	10.18±0.03	0.99	0.94
真菌 Fungus	CK0	1167±65	1569.83±33.48	6.88±0.20	0.97	0.98
	CK	1210±52	1636.88±63.11	6.84±0.32	0.97	0.97
	T1	1198±19	1567.52±14.41	6.85±0.05	0.97	0.98
	T2	1229±17	1618.75±43.95	6.85±0.17	0.96	0.98
	T3	1244±20	1621.71±33.99	6.92±0.08	0.97	0.98
CK0为既未添加微塑料也未种植植物处理, CK为未添加微塑料处理, T1、T2和T3为添加分子量为2000、5000和10万以上的微塑料处理。CK0 is treatment of not-planting corn without microplastics; CK is treatment of no adding microplastic; T1, T2 and T3 are treatments of adding microplastic with molecular weight of 2000, 5000 and above 100-thousand, respectively.

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