桑贤策,
罗小锋^,,
黄炎忠,
唐林
华中农业大学经济管理学院/湖北农村发展研究中心 武汉 430070
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目72073048
农业农村部软科学项目202007
国家社会科学基金重点项目20AZD091

详细信息

作者简介:桑贤策, 主要研究方向为资源与环境经济。E-mail: sangxiance@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

通讯作者:罗小锋, 主要研究方向为资源与环境经济。E-mail: luoxiaofeng@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:F323.3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-12-10
录用日期:2021-02-02
刊出日期:2021-07-01

Relationship between policy incentives, ecological cognition, and organic fertilizer application by farmers: Based on a moderated mediation model

SANG Xiance,
LUO Xiaofeng^,,
HUANG Yanzhong,
TANG Lin
School of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China72073048
the Soft Science Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China202007
the National Social Science Foundation of China20AZD091

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Corresponding author:LUO Xiaofeng, E-mail: luoxiaofeng@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:在当前推进农业绿色高质量发展的大背景下，政策激励能否有效引导农户的生态价值观念形成，进而促进农户有机肥施用?既有研究并未给出相应的证据。鉴于此，基于湖北省758户稻农的调查数据，在运用熵权法测度农户生态认知的基础上，通过构建有调节的中介效应模型验证了政策激励、生态认知与农户有机肥施用行为间的逻辑作用关系，重点考察了生态认知在政策激励影响农户有机肥施用过程中的中介效应，家庭收入水平在政策激励通过生态认知影响农户有机肥施用过程中的调节效应。研究结果表明：1）政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为具有显著正向影响，其中政府宣传、政府培训、政府补贴均可促进农户有机肥施用。2）生态认知在政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为的影响中起到部分中介作用，政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为的正向影响可通过提高生态认知这一路径进行传导。3）政策激励通过生态认知影响农户有机肥施用行为的间接效应被家庭收入水平正向调节，即家庭收入水平的提高能够显著增强政策激励通过生态认知对农户有机肥施用行为的影响。据此，应着力落实有机肥政策激励，强化政府在有机肥推广中的作用，将生态认知作为推进有机肥替代化肥的重要政策参考，注重农户生态认知水平的提升，针对不同收入水平的农户采取差异化的有机肥推广政策。
关键词:政策激励/
生态认知/
家庭收入水平/
有机肥施用行为/
中介效应模型
Abstract:When striving to promote the green and high-quality development of agriculture, can policy incentives effectively guide the formation of ecological values and promote the application of organic fertilizer by farmers? Existing studies have not provided corresponding evidence. This article explored the relationships between policy incentives, ecological cognition, and organic fertilizer application by farmers to provide a useful reference for understanding organic fertilizer application by farmers, promote the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer, and realize the green development of agriculture. This study had specifically developed two aspects. First, it analyzed the mechanisms of policy incentives on organic fertilizer application by farmers from the perspective of ecological cognition and examined the decision-making mechanism of the farmers. Second, it considered the differences in the economic level of farmers. Low-income farmers had a lower ability to pay and bear risks; therefore, even if they were willing to adopt organic fertilizers, they struggled to translate this willingness into action. Thus, household income should be included in the analysis framework. Based on the survey data of 758 rice farmers in Hubei Province, this study used the entropy method to measure the ecological cognition of farmers and verified the influence mechanisms of policy incentives, ecological cognition on organic fertilizer application by farmers by constructing a moderated mediation model. This study focused on the mediating effect of ecological cognition in the process of policy incentives affecting organic fertilizer application by farmers and the moderating effect of household income in the process of policy incentives affecting organic fertilizer application by farmers through ecological cognition. The results showed that: 1) policy incentives had a significant positive (P < 5%) impact on organic fertilizer application by farmers. Government propaganda, training, and subsidies encouraged organic fertilizer use. 2) Ecological cognition played a partial intermediary role between policy incentives and organic fertilizer application by farmers, suggesting that policy incentives positively impact organic fertilizer applications via improved ecological cognition. 3) The indirect effect of policy incentives on organic fertilizer application by farmers through ecological cognition was positively regulated by household income. Increased household income significantly enhanced the influence of policy incentives on organic fertilizer application through ecological cognition. Based on these results, this study proposed the following policy implications. It is necessary to implement organic fertilizer policy incentives and to strengthen the role of the government in organic fertilizer promotion. The government should also consider ecological cognition of farmers when promoting organic fertilizers application. In the early promotion stages of organic fertilizer technology, high-income farmers can serve as an entry point to rapidly expand the use of organic fertilizers. Conversely, low-income farmers may represent difficult targets for future organic fertilizer promotion. Increased subsidies for the application of organic fertilizers to low-income farmers may help to reduce their economic risks.
Key words:Policy incentives/
Ecological cognition/
Household income/
Organic fertilizer application/
Mediation model

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图1政策激励、生态认知对农户有机肥施用行为影响的理论模型
Figure1.Theoretical model of the effects of policy incentives and ecological cognition on farmers' organic fertilizer application


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表1样本农户的基本特征
Table1.Basic characteristics of the survey farmer households

特征 Characteristic	分类 Category	频数 Frequency	百分比 Percentage (%)		特征 Characteristic	分类 Category	频数 Frequency	百分比 Percentage (%)
性别 Gender	男Male	471	62.14		是否参加合作社 Cooperative members	是Yes	56	7.39
	女Female	287	37.86			否No	702	92.61
年龄 Age	26~40	31	4.09		种植规模 Cultivated land acreage (hm2)	< 0.33	375	49.47
	41~55	305	40.24			0.33~0.67	212	27.97
	56~70	368	48.55			0.67~1.33	105	13.85
	≥71	54	7.12			≥1.33	76	8.71
受教育水平(年限) Educational years (a)	0	91	12.01		家庭收入水平 Household income (×104￥ )	< 6	392	51.72
	1~6	296	39.05			6~12	304	40.11
	7~9	283	37.34			12~18	50	6.60
	≥10	88	11.61			≥18	12	1.58

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表3政策激励、生态认知对农户有机肥施用行为影响的回归结果
Table3.Regression results of policy incentives and ecological cognition on farmers' organic fertilizer application

变量 Variable	回归1 Equation 1	回归2 Equation 2	回归3 Equation 3	回归4 Equation 4	回归5 Equation 5	回归6 Equation 6	回归7 Equation 7	回归8 Equation 8	回归9 Equation 9
政府宣传 Government propaganda	0.367** (0.178)	0.026** (0.013)	0.304* (0.181)	—	—	—	—	—	—
政府培训 Government training	—	—	—	0.528** (0.216)	0.039*** (0.015)	0.458** (0.221)	—	—	—
政府补贴 Government subsidies	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.670** (0.275)	0.085*** (0.019)	0.487* (0.282)
生态认知 Ecological cognition	—	—	2.680*** (0.525)	—	—	2.675*** (0.526)	—	—	2.613*** (0.527)
控制变量 Control independent variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
观测值 Observations	758	758	758	758	758	758	758	758	758
卡方值LR chi2	169.78**	—	197.32***	171.60***	—	198.90***	171.65***	—	197.55***
伪R2 Pseudo R2	0.168	—	0.195	0.170	—	0.199	0.170	—	0.196
F值 F-value	—	3.11***	—	—	3.34***	—	—	4.38***	—
R2	—	0.052	—	—	0.055	—	—	0.071	—
回归1、4、7为政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为影响的估计结果; 回归2、5、8为政策激励对农户生态认知影响的估计结果; 回归3、6、9为政策激励、生态认知对农户有机肥施用行为影响的估计结果。*、**、***分别表示在P < 10%、P < 5%、P < 1%水平显著。括号内为标准误。Regression 1, 4 and 7 are the estimated results of policy incentives effects on farmers’ organic fertilizer application; Regression 2, 5, and 8 are the estimated results of policy incentives effects on farmers’ ecological cognition; Regression 3, 6, and 9 are the estimated results of policy incentives and ecological cognition effects on farmers’ organic fertilizer application. *, ** and *** indicate significance at P < 10%, P < 5% and P < 1% levels, respectively. Data in the parentheses is standard error.

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表2农户有机肥施用行为相关变量的含义与描述性统计
Table2.Definition and description of variables impacting farmers' organic fertilizer application

变量类型 Variable type	变量名称 Variable name	变量含义及赋值 Variable definition and assignment	均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation
因变量 Dependent variable	有机肥施用行为 Organic fertilization application	您在实际生产中是否施用有机肥: 是=1, 否=0 Do you use organic fertilizer: Yes = 1, no = 0	0.61	0.49
自变量 Independent variable	政府宣传 Government propaganda	政府是否开展有机肥政策宣传: 是=1, 否=0 Does the government propagandize organic fertilizer policy: Yes=1, no=0	0.43	0.50
	政府培训 Government training	政府是否开展有机肥技术培训: 是=1, 否=0 Does the government provide organic fertilizer technical training: Yes=1, no=0	0.24	0.43
	政府补贴 Government subsidies	政府是否对购买与施用有机肥进行补贴: 是=1, 否=0 Does the government subsidize the purchase and application of organic fertilizers: Yes=1, no=0	0.12	0.32
中介变量 Mediator variable	生态认知 Ecological cognition	基于熵权法计算得到 Calculated based on the entropy weight method	0.57	0.17
调节变量 Moderator variable	家庭收入水平 Household income	2017年家庭总收入Total household income in 2017 (×104￥)	6.00	3.91
控制变量 Control independent variable	年龄Age	实际年龄Actual age	57.17	9.03
	受教育水平 Educational level	实际受教育年限 Actual years of education (a)	6.64	3.48
	村干部 Village cadre	家庭成员是否有村干部: 是=1, 否=0 Do family members have village cadres: Yes=1, no=0	0.08	0.27
	农业收入占比 Proportion of agricultural income	农业收入占家庭总收入比重 Proportion of agricultural income in total household income	0.32	0.31
	农业劳动力 Agricultural labor force	家庭内部从事农业生产的劳动力数量 Number of labor force engaged in agricultural production (persons)	1.84	0.60
	是否参加合作社 Cooperative members	是否参加农民专业合作社: 是=1, 否=0 Whether to participate in farmers’ professional cooperatives: Yes=1, no=0	0.07	0.26
	种植规模 Land acreage	实际耕地面积 Actual cultivated land area (hm2)	0.62	1.71
	细碎化程度 Land fragmentation degree	耕地的实际块数 Actual number of cultivated land (blocks)	4.53	6.62
	土壤肥力 Soil fertility	较差=1, 一般=2, 较好=3 Poor = 1, normal = 2, better = 3	2.18	0.67
	地区虚拟变量 Regional dummy	黄冈市=1, 其他=0 Huanggang City=1, others=0	0.24	0.43
		宜昌市=1, 其他=0 Yichang City=1, others=0	0.28	0.45
		襄阳市=1, 其他=0 Xiangyang City=1, others=0	0.29	0.45

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表4生态认知在政策激励与农户有机肥施用行为间的中介效应的Bootstrap检验结果
Table4.Bootstrap test results of the mediating effect of ecological cognition between policy incentives and farmers' organic fertilizer application

自变量 Independent variable	中介效应Mediation effect			95%置信区间95% confidence interval
	系数Coefficient	标准误Standard error		下限Lower limit	上限Upper limit
政府宣传Government propaganda	0.069	0.039		0.001	0.153
政府培训Government training	0.105	0.050		0.021	0.216
政府补贴Government subsidies	0.222	0.072		0.102	0.382

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表5家庭收入水平(调节变量)在生态认知影响农户有机肥施用行为路径中的调节效应检验结果
Table5.Moderating effect of household income (moderator variable) in ecological cognition affecting farmers' organic fertilizer application

自变量 Independent variable	条件间接效应 Conditional indirect effect						有调节的中介效应 Moderated mediation effect
	家庭收入水平 Household income	效应系数 Coefficient	标准误 Standard error	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval			INDEX	标准误 Standard error	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
				下限Lower limit	上限Upper limit				下限Lower limit	上限Upper limit
政府宣传 Government propaganda	低Low	0.035	0.028	–0.005	0.102		0.010	0.007	0.001	0.026
	高High	0.113	0.062	0.003	0.248
政府培训 Government training	低Low	0.056	0.041	–0.001	0.155		0.015	0.009	0.001	0.036
	高High	0.169	0.080	0.029	0.345
政府补贴 Government subsidies	低Low	0.115	0.073	–0.006	0.280		0.033	0.015	0.008	0.065
	高High	0.364	0.112	0.180	0.623

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