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绿洲灌区玉米农田土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性对绿肥还田方式的响应

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
吕奕彤,
于爱忠,,
吕汉强,
王玉珑,
苏向向,
柴强
甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 兰州 730070
基金项目: 国家绿肥产业技术体系建设专项资金CARS-22-G-12
甘肃省科技计划项目20JR5RA037
国家自然科学基金项目31401350

详细信息
作者简介:吕奕彤, 主要研究方向为旱地与绿洲农作制。E-mail: lyuyitong123@163.com
通讯作者:于爱忠, 主要研究方向为节水农业、保护性耕作等。E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S344

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被引次数:0
出版历程

收稿日期:2020-11-16
录用日期:2021-02-03
刊出日期:2021-07-01

Composition and stability of soil aggregates in maize farmlands under different green manure utilization patterns in an oasis irrigation area

LYU Yitong,
YU Aizhong,,
LYU Hanqiang,
WANG Yulong,
SU Xiangxiang,
CHAI Qiang
College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
Funds: the Special Fund of Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of ChinaCARS-22-G-12
the Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province20JR5RA037
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31401350

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Corresponding author:YU Aizhong, E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn


摘要
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摘要
摘要:针对西北绿洲灌区禾本科作物长期连作造成土壤质量下降问题，研究了不同绿肥还田利用方式对土壤团聚体组成、稳定性及土壤容重的影响。试验设绿肥覆盖免耕（NTG）、绿肥全量翻压（TG）、地上部移除根茬覆盖免耕（NT）、地上部移除根茬翻压（T）以及传统翻耕不复种绿肥（CT，对照）5个处理。两年结果表明，与CT相比，4种还田利用方式均可提升0~30 cm各土层土壤大团聚体含量、平均重量直径、几何平均直径与平均质量比表面积（P < 0.05）；与其他3种还田利用方式相比，NTG增幅最为显著。与CT相比，4种还田利用方式均可降低各土层团聚体分形维数（P < 0.05）；NTG处理和NT处理显著低于TG处理与T处理；与NT处理相比，NTG处理0~20 cm土层差异不显著，20~30 cm土层显著降低。与CT相比，翻压还田（TG和T）能够降低各土层土壤容重（P < 0.05），NT处理显著增加各土层土壤容重（P < 0.05），NTG处理仅在2019年0~10 cm和20~30 cm土层显著低于CT，其他不显著。相对于其他绿肥还田利用方式及传统翻耕不复种绿肥，麦后复种绿肥地表覆盖免耕是增加绿洲灌区农田0~30 cm土层土壤大团聚体形成及稳定性、降低土壤容重的适宜措施。
关键词:小麦-玉米轮作/
绿肥利用方式/
免耕/
土壤团聚体/
土壤容重
Abstract:Long-term continuous cultivation of gramineous crops can lead to soil quality degradation, thereby decreasing crop productivity. Optimization of the agronomic measures is a powerful way to improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil fertility, and enhance the sustainable development of agricultural production. The effects of different green manure utilization on the composition and stability of soil aggregates and soil bulk density were studied in this study to provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving the quality of farmlands in oasis irrigation areas. A field experiment was conducted in the oasis irrigation area in Northwest China to determine the composition and stability of soil aggregates and soil bulk density at 0-30 cm soil depth in maize farmlands in response to different green manure returning patterns. The green manure utilization patterns included: no tillage with the full quantity of green manure mulched on the soil surface (NTG), conventional tillage with the full quantity of green manure incorporated into the soil (TG), no tillage with root returning of green manure after removing the above-ground part of green manure (NT), conventional tillage with root returning of green manure incorporated into the soil after removing the above-ground part of green manure (T), and conventional tillage without green manure (CT) as the control. The results showed that the four green manure utilization patterns increased the soil macro-aggregate content, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and mean weight-specific surface area (P < 0.05) at 0-30 cm soil depth, compared to CT. Among the four green manure treatments, NTG had the most significant effects. However, different green manure utilization patterns significantly decreased the fractal dimension of soil aggregates (P < 0.05). Among the four green manure treatments, NTG and NT significantly decreased the fractal dimension of soil aggregates at 0-30 cm soil depth in comparison to TG and T. There was no significant difference in the fractal dimension of soil aggregates at 0-20 cm soil depth between NTG and NT treatments; however, NTG had a lower fractal dimension of soil aggregates at 20-30 cm soil depth than that of NT (P < 0.05). Compared to CT, TG and T significantly reduced the soil bulk density at 0-30 cm soil depth, but NT significantly increased the soil bulk density at each soil depth in the 0-30 cm soil layer (P < 0.05). NTG had significantly lower soil bulk density than CT at 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm soil depth in 2019, but the difference was not significant in 2018. Compared to the other green manure utilization patterns (TG, NT, and T) and conventional tillage without green manure treatment (CT), no tillage with the full quantity of green manure mulched on the soil surface treatment (NTG) increased the macro-aggregate content and stability of soil aggregates and reduced the soil bulk density at 0-30 cm soil depth.
Key words:Wheat-maize rotation/
Green manure utilization pattern/
No-tillage/
Soil aggregates/
Soil bulk density

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图12018—2019年玉米生育期平均降水量与日均气温变化
Figure1.Average precipitation and temperature during the maize growing period from 2018 to 2019


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图22018年和2019年不同绿肥还田方式下不同深度农田土壤团聚体组成
不同小写字母表示同一粒径团聚体含量在不同处理下差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure2.Composition of soil aggregates in different soil depths under different green manure utilization patterns in 2018 and 2019
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same aggregate diameter at P < 0.05 level.


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图32018年和2019年不同绿肥还田方式下不同深度土壤团聚体分形维数
不同小写字母表示相同深度不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure3.Fractal dimension of soil aggregates at different depths under different green manure utilization patterns in 2018 and 2019
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments at the same soil depth.


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图42018年和2019年不同绿肥还田方式下不同深度土壤团聚体平均质量比表面积
不同小写字母表示相同深度不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure4.Mean weight per soil specific area of soil aggregates (MWSSA) at different soil depths under different green manure utilization patterns in 2018 and 2019
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments at the same soil depth.


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图52018年和2019年不同绿肥还田方式下不同深度土壤容重
不同小写字母表示同深度不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure5.Soil bulk density at different soil depths under different green manure utilization patterns in 2018 and 2019
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments at the same soil depth.


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表12016—2019年田间试验的轮作序列
Table1.Rotation sequences of the field experimental from 2016 to 2019
序列
Sequence		20162017201820192020
1春玉米
Spring maize		春小麦-绿肥
Spring wheat-green manure		春玉米
Spring maize		春小麦-绿肥
Spring wheat-green manure		春玉米
Spring maize
2春小麦-绿肥
Spring wheat-green manure		春玉米
Spring maize		春小麦-绿肥
Spring wheat-green manure		春玉米
Spring maize		春小麦-绿肥
Spring wheat-green manure


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表2不同处理代码、绿肥还田方式及作物种植方式
Table2.Codes, green manure utilization and crop planting patterns of different treatments
处理
Treatment		绿肥还田及作物种植方式
Pattern of green manure utilization and crop planting
TG春小麦7月收获后复种绿肥, 10月绿肥全量翻压, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米
Planting green manure after spring wheat harvest in July, tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in soil in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year
T春小麦7月收获后复种绿肥, 10月绿肥地上部移除, 根茬翻压, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米
Planting green manure after spring wheat harvest in July, harvesting and removing above ground green manure and tillage with root incorporated in soil in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year
NTG春小麦7月收获后复种绿肥, 10月绿肥地表覆盖免耕, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米
Planting green manure after spring wheat harvest in July, no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulching on soil surface in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year
NT春小麦7月收获后复种绿肥, 10月绿肥地上部移除免耕, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米
Planting green manure after spring wheat harvest in July, no-tillage with above ground green manure harvested and removed in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year
CT春小麦7月收获后休闲, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米
Conventional tillage and leisure without green manure after spring wheat harvest, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year


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表32017—2019年作物播种日期(月-日)
Table3.Crop sowing date (month-day) from 2017 to 2019
年份
Year		小麦
Wheat		绿肥
Green manure		玉米
Maize
201703-1607-28—
201803-1507-2604-25
2019——04-20


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表42018年和2019年不同绿肥还田方式下土壤不同深度团聚体平均重量直径和几何平均直径
Table4.Average weight diameter and geometric average diameter of soil aggregates at different soil depths under different greenmanure utilization patterns in 2018 and 2019?mm
年份
Year		处理
Treatment		平均重量直径Mean weight diameter几何平均直径Geometric mean diameter
0~10 cm10~20 cm20~30 cm0~10 cm10~20 cm20~30 cm
2018TG0.461±0.0020c0.444±0.0034c0.431±0.0002c0.338±0.0016c0.330±0.0027b0.319±0.0005b
T0.450±0.0022d0.429±0.0019d0.406±0.0015d0.331±0.0015d0.314±0.0012c0.293±0.0014c
NTG0.501±0.0023a0.481±0.0038a0.473±0.0030a0.368±0.0027a0.352±0.0021a0.344±0.0018a
NT0.491±0.0027b0.474±0.0015b0.444±0.0010b0.354±0.0024b0.349±0.0015a0.318±0.0005b
CT0.430±0.0021e0.391±0.0033e0.379±0.0014e0.316±0.0013e0.286±0.0014d0.279±0.0010d
2019TG0.459±0.0026c0.443±0.0022c0.431±0.0007c0.336±0.0012c0.330±0.0018c0.319±0.0007b
T0.443±0.0013d0.423±0.0014d0.402±0.0012d0.327±0.0011d0.310±0.0005d0.291±0.0001c
NTG0.497±0.0010a0.479±0.0014a0.474±0.0029a0.366±0.0012a0.352±0.0011a0.338±0.0016a
NT0.480±0.0009b0.469±0.0010b0.445±0.0013b0.348±0.0015b0.345±0.0016b0.320±0.0013b
CT0.425±0.0037e0.391±0.0008e0.377±0.0008e0.313±0.0023e0.287±0.0001e0.278±0.0005d
同列不同小写字母表示相同年份各处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments in the same year.


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