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农膜残留对大豆光生理特征及生物量累积的影响

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
黄珊1,,
樊廷录2,
刘萌娟3,
陈荣桓1,
梁楚涛1,
程万莉2,
陈延华4,
薛萐1, 5,
杨晓梅1, 5,,
1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 杨凌 712100
2.甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 兰州 730070
3.西北农林科技大学农学院 杨凌 712100
4.北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所 北京 100007
5.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所/黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室 杨凌 712100
基金项目: 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室基金HNSJJ-2019-03
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金A314021402-2017
陕西省引进国外博士专项F2020221008

详细信息
作者简介:黄珊, 主要研究方向为塑料污染对"植被-土壤"体系的影响机制研究。E-mail:15044932719@163.com
通讯作者:杨晓梅, 主要研究方向为农田污染物环境风险评估、土壤侵蚀与污染。E-mail:xiaomei.yang@nwafu.edu.cn
中图分类号:X826

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-11-18
录用日期:2021-01-31
网络出版日期:2021-06-22
刊出日期:2021-06-01

Effects of plastic film residues on the photosynthetic characteristics and biomass accumulation of soybean (Glycine max)

HUANG Shan1,,
FAN Tinglu2,
LIU Mengjuan3,
CHEN Ronghuan1,
LIANG Chutao1,
CHENG Wanli2,
CHEN Yanhua4,
XUE Sha1, 5,
YANG Xiaomei1, 5,,
1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Dry Farming Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
4. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
5. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, China
Funds: the Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water Resources on Dryland of Gansu ProvinceHNSJJ-2019-03
the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauA314021402-2017
the Talent Program of Shaanxi ProvinceF2020221008

More Information
Corresponding author:YANG Xiaomei, E-mail:xiaomei.yang@nwafu.edu.cn


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摘要
摘要:农膜覆盖技术的应用及推广极大地提高了干旱半干旱地区的农业产量，促进了当地农业发展及社会经济效益。然而，由于农膜碎片化程度高、回收难度大、降解周期长，使得残留在土壤中的农膜日益增多，严重威胁着作物生长、土壤健康以及农业可持续发展。尽管农膜残留对土壤质量影响的研究较多，但对于其种类（可降解或不可降解）及残留累积量对作物光生理特征的研究还相对较少。本试验以大豆为研究对象，对比普通聚乙烯（PE）和生物降解（BP）两种农膜（残片大小为0.5~2 cm），研究不同农膜残留累积量（土壤重量的0、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%）下大豆花期及初荚期叶片光合作用光、CO2响应曲线特征及花期、收获期的植株生物量，探讨塑料类型及残留量对大豆光生理特征及生物量累积的影响。结果表明：PE残留导致大豆叶片光补偿点在花期降低23.96%，而初荚期升高51.38%，说明PE残留导致大豆叶片弱光利用能力在花期提升，但在初荚期被抑制。在初荚期，BP残留使光补偿点降低54.82%，且光饱合点升高58.12%，从而提高了叶片强光适应能力，增大了叶片光能利用范围。同时，PE和BP添加使暗呼吸速率分别增长30.56%和22.28%，从而导致干物质消耗增加。土壤中PE、BP残留量的增加，最大光合力分别降低36.49%和23.56%，表明大豆叶片CO2利用能力减弱；CO2补偿点分别降低67.96%和38.91%，从而提高了叶片低浓度CO2的利用能力，并降低光呼吸速率，从而减少了干物质的消耗。此外，不同农膜及残留量处理下，仅在花期0.1%与0.5%残留量的BP处理中，地下生物量随农膜残留量的增加显著降低，其他各处理间地上及地下生物量无明显变化。光响应及CO2响应曲线各拟合参数与生物量的Pearson相关性分析结果表明，收获期PE处理下，地上生物量与光补偿点呈显著负相关，而光呼吸速率、CO2补偿点、初始羧化效率与生物量（地上+地下）的积累有较强相关性。因此，PE农膜残留量增加提高了大豆花期叶片对于弱光的利用能力而减弱初荚期对弱光的利用能力，BP农膜残留量增加则会增强初荚期叶片对弱光的利用，也对大豆叶片适应强光的能力有所提升。
关键词:农膜残留/
大豆/
光合作用光响应曲线/
光合作用CO2响应曲线/
光生理特征/
生物量
Abstract:Agricultural plastic film mulching technology has greatly promoted the development of agricultural production and social economics, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas of China. However, due to high fragmentation, low recovery, and long-term degradation, the accumulation of plastic residues in the soil has increased annually, which threatens crop growth, soil health, and the sustainable development of agriculture. Although many studies have focused on the effects of agricultural film residues on soil quality, the effects of plastic type (degradable or non-degradable) and the cumulative abundance of plastic on crop photosynthetic characteristics have rarely been reported. In this study, soybean (Glycine max) was investigated for its light and carbon dioxide (CO2) response characteristics under different plastic residue addition (polyethylene[PE] and biodegradable plastic[BP] mulch film; plastic size:0.5-2 cm; addition levels:0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) at the flowering and early pod stages. Plant biomass and soil samples were collected at the flowering and harvesting stages to examine the effects of the different plastic residues on plant growth and soil quality. The results showed that the light compensation point (LCP) of soybean leaves decreased by 23.96% at the flowering stage and increased by 51.38% at the beginning of the pod stage in the PE treatment groups, suggesting that the weak light utilization ability of soybean leaves increased at the flowering stage and decreased at the beginning pod stage. LCP decreased by 54.82%, and the light saturation point increased by 58.12% in the BP treatment groups at the beginning of the pod stage, which improved the ability of strong light adaptation and increased the range of light energy utilization. The PE and BP residues increased the dark respiration rate (Rd) by 30.56% and 22.28%, respectively, increasing dry substance consumption. With increasing amounts of plastics, the maximum photosynthetic capacity decreased by 36.49% and 23.56% in the PE and BP treatments, respectively, indicating that the CO2 utilization capacity of soybean was inhibited. Furthermore, the CO2 compensation point (CCP) decreased by 67.96% and 38.91% in the PE and BP treatments, respectively, which indicated the improved CO2 utilization capacity of the leaves at low CO2 levels. The photorespiration rate (Rp) also decreased, reducing dry substance consumption. At the flowering stage in the BP treatment with 0.1% and 0.5% plastic addition, the underground biomass decreased significantly with increased plastic residue (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the aboveground and underground biomass among the other treatments. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the fitting parameters of the light response and CO2 response curves with biomass. At the harvesting stage in the PE treatments, the aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with LCP, whereas Rp, CCP, and the initial carboxylation efficiency were strongly correlated with biomass accumulation (aboveground + underground). Further research is required to identify the mechanisms by which plastic residues affect crop growth, especially for the photosynthetic properties. Such work will enable a better understanding of the ecological risk of microplastics.
Key words:Plastic residue/
Soybean/
Photosynthetic light response curve/
Photosynthetic CO2 response curve/
Photosynthetic characteristics/
Biomass

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图1聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和生物降解膜(BP)不同残留条件下大豆叶片光合作用光响应曲线拟合
A和B分别为聚乙烯和生物可降解农膜残留下大豆花期的拟合曲线; C、D分别为聚乙烯和生物可降解农膜残留下大豆初荚期的拟合曲线。CK为无农膜残留处理; 0.1%、0.5%和1.0%为农膜残留量占土壤的质量比。
Figure1.Light response curves of soybean photosynthesis under different treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils
A and B show the light response curves of soybean at the flowering stage under treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils; C and D show the light response curves of soybean at the pod stage under treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils. CK, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% mean adding rates of microplastic of 0, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% of soil weight.


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图2聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和生物降解膜(BP)不同残留条件下大豆叶片光合作用CO2响应拟合曲线
A和B分别为聚乙烯和生物可降解膜残留下大豆花期的拟合曲线; C、D分别为聚乙烯和生物可降解膜残留下大豆初荚期的拟合曲线。CK为无农膜残留处理; 0.1%、0.5%和1.0%为农膜残留量占土壤的质量比。
Figure2.CO2 response curves of soybean photosynthesis under different treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils
A and B show the CO2 response curves of soybean at the flowering stage under treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils; C and D show the CO2 response curves of soybean at the pod stage under treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils. CK, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% mean adding rates of microplastic of 0, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% of soil weight.


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图3聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和生物降解膜(BP)不同残留条件下的大豆花期以及初荚期地上部分及地下部分生物量
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05);无字母表示不同处理间差异不显著(P > 0.05)。
Figure3.Aboveground and underground biomasses of soybean at flowering stage and harvest stage under different treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05 level); Bars without letter are no significantly different (P > 0.05).


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表1聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和生物降解膜(BP)不同残留条件下大豆叶片光合作用光响应曲线拟合参数
Table1.Parameters of light response curves of soybean photosynthesis under different treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils
生育期
Growth stage		农膜类型
Film type		残留量
Residue amount (%)		AQY
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		Pmax
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		LSP
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		LCP
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		Rd
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		R2
花期
Flowering
stage		0 (CK)0.0561±0.0168b16.65±0.91b1457.92±402.5a55.67±8.27ab2.78±0.48bc0.9986
PE0.10.0627±0.0093ab13.85±3.61b1679.12±361.23a68.86±12.11a3.66±0.67ab0.9952
0.50.0727±0.0105ab19.33±3.57ab1572.64±305.55a43.49±10.66b2.83±0.31bc0.9981
1.00.0629±0.0233ab20.29±1.02ab1294.08±184.57a42.33±6.35b2.72±0.55bc0.9913
BP0.10.0953±0.0314a25.85±7.64a1425.51±307.67a48.32±4.27b3.98±0.8a0.9984
0.50.0430±0.0078b15.80±5.16b1492.74±313.36a70.76±7.38a2.75±0.45bc0.9894
1.00.0643±0.0047ab16.60±3.2b1489.46±398.97a66.68±4.49a3.79±0.22ab0.9973
初荚期
Initial
pod
stage		0 (CK)0.0638±0.0165a14.36±4.28a1747.71±498.24d26.25±5.03b1.50±0.16b0.9916
PE0.10.0501±0.0074a15.51±1.25a1766.79±323.96d33.48±1.16b1.58±0.27b0.9985
0.50.0327±0.006a14.84±3.43a2092.45±703.71bcd53.99±7.40a1.60±0.05ab0.9960
1.00.0480±0.0192a19.05±2.65a1867.31±161.32cd50.34±6.26a2.16±0.60a0.9952
BP0.10.0599±0.0282a9.07±1.44b4172.99±547.6a14.97±1.98c1.63±0.18ab0.9961
0.50.0650±0.0073a17.22±0.35a3358.69±284.79ab11.86±2.77c1.93±0.20a0.9980
1.00.0628±0.0065a17.49±1.06a2741.94±632.62bc31.16±0.94b1.81±0.21ab0.9939
AQY:初始量子效率; Pmax:最大净光合速率; LSP:光饱和点; LCP:光补偿点; Rd:暗呼吸速率; R2:决定系数。不同小写字母表示不同农膜类型不同残留量间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。AQY: initial quantum efficiency; Pmax: maximum net photosynthetic; LSP: light saturation point; LCP: light compensation point; Rd: dark respiration rate; R2: coefficient of determination. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different residue amounts of different film types at P < 0.05 level.


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表2聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和生物降解膜(BP)不同残留条件下大豆叶片光合作用CO2响应曲线拟合参数
Table2.Parameters of CO2 response curves of soybean photosynthesis under different treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils
生育期
Growth stage		农膜类型
Film type		残留量
Residue amount (%)		η
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		Amax
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		CSP
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		CCP
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		Rp
(μmol·m?2·s?1)		R2
花期
Flowering
stage		0 (CK)0.2059±0.0745b31.12±2.76ab859.29±281.98ab60.34±6.68a11.30±2.54b0.9617
PE0.10.2362±0.0548b36.16±4.51a989.55±136.80ab63.27±2.33a12.60±1.93b0.9982
0.50.2329±0.0766b33.17±0.48ab1103.56±225.15ab61.27±3.71a10.46±5.42b0.9926
1.00.1824±0.0196b38.70±3.52a1243.05±45.60a66.48±12.78a10.41±1.02b0.9911
BP0.10.4925±0.0983a30.81±2.67ab1186.31±116.27a56.67±3.02a18.82±2.37a0.9833
0.50.2758±0.0890b27.06±7.54b787.38±65.75b65.99±7.69a16.45±3.80ab0.9400
1.00.2604±0.0501b27.05±5.38b902.16±127.19ab69.49±9.11a12.60±3.71b0.9091
初荚期
Initial
pod
stage		0 (CK)0.2172±0.0578a31.71±2.66a949.54±179.39a120.62±15.53a19.33±6.61b0.9654
PE0.10.1342±0.0280ab29.31±3.30ab1008.64±31.95a118.39±19.77a39.39±18.51a0.9690
0.50.1075±0.0000bc20.14±3.31c1061.74±343.64a78.64±10.77bc11.14±1.55b0.9765
1.00.0522±0.0135c30.65±5.38a1388.51±485.36a38.65±12.35d4.38±1.54b0.9579
BP0.10.1411±0.0430ab28.90±1.38ab948.71±204.36a90.09±5.46abc10.86±2.50b0.9810
0.50.1166±0.0296bc28.30±1.07ab1081.58±136.54a73.69±13.24c7.40±2.36b0.9802
1.00.0848±0.0154bc24.48±3.66bc1232.68±357.43a96.78±3.08abc7.44±0.91b0.8296
η:初始羧化效率; Amax:最大光合能力; CSP: CO2饱和点; CCP: CO2补偿点; Rp:光呼吸速率; R2:决定系数。不同小写字母表示不同农膜类型不同残留量间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。η: initial carboxylation efficiency; Amax: maximum photosynthetic capacity; CSP: CO2 saturation point; CCP: CO2 compensation point; Rp: photorespiration rate; R2: coefficient of determination. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different residue amounts of different film types at P < 0.05 level.


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表3聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和生物降解膜(BP)残留下大豆地上部分和地下部分生物量与光合作物光响应和CO2响应曲线参数的相关性
Table3.Pearson correlation analysis between soybean biomass (aboveground and underground) and photosynthesis curve fitting parameters under different treatments of polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable plastic film (BP) residues in soils
生育期
Growth stage		农膜类型
Film type		生物量
Biomass		光响应曲线拟合参数
Photosynthesis-light response curve parameter		CO2响应曲线拟合参数
Photosynthesis-CO2 response curve parameter
AQYPmaxLSPLCPRdηAmaxCSPCCPRp
花期
Flowering
stage		PE地上Aboveground0.2180.2870.516?0.388?0.383?0.5080.0420.1200.3500.140
地下Underground?0.0940.171?0.277?0.282?0.433?0.4400.680*0.4540.407?0.251
BP地上Aboveground0.0590.1280.241?0.3480.0050.0460.1660.291?0.160?0.027
地下Underground?0.064?0.426?0.0900.2400.254?0.4500.1060.0820.424?0.577*
收获期
Harvest
stage		PE地上Aboveground0.464?0.2250.043?0.761**?0.5330.700*0.262?0.3310.580*0.555
地下Underground0.0000.138?0.296?0.177?0.163?0.0280.1920.226?0.0510.259
BP地上Aboveground0.551?0.269?0.3020.0740.0920.3680.195?0.3070.2860.412
地下Underground?0.431?0.407?0.128?0.117?0.2760.613*0.173?0.5230.1660.458
AQY:初始量子效率; Pmax:最大净光合速率; LSP:光饱和点; LCP:光补偿点; Rd:暗呼吸速率; η:初始羧化效率; Amax:最大光合能力; CSP: CO2饱和点; CCP: CO2补偿点; Rp:光呼吸速率。*和**分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01显著相关。AQY: initial quantum efficiency; Pmax: maximum net photosynthetic; LSP: light saturation point; LCP: light compensation point; Rd: dark respiration rate; η: initial carboxylation efficiency; Amax: maximum photosynthetic capacity; CSP: CO2 saturation point; CCP: CO2 compensation point; Rp: photorespiration rate. * and ** mean significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.


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