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不同供钾水平下胡麻木质素代谢及其抗倒伏特性研究

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
刘玄1,,
董宏伟1,
高玉红2, 3,
剡斌2, 3,
崔政军2,
李玥4,
吴兵1, 3,,
1.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院 兰州 730070
2.甘肃农业大学农学院 兰州 730070
3.甘肃省干旱生境作物学 重点实验室 兰州 730070
4.甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院 兰州 730070
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31760363
国家自然科学基金项目32060437
现代农业产业技术体系项目CARS-14-1-16
甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育项目Gaufx-02J05

详细信息
作者简介:刘玄, 研究方向为作物分子生理及营养调控。E-mail: 15029209081@163.com
通讯作者:吴兵, 研究方向为作物生长调控与生理生态研究。E-mail: wub@gsau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S565.9

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收稿日期:2020-10-13
录用日期:2021-02-01
刊出日期:2021-05-01

Lignin metabolism and lodging resistance characteristics of oil flax at different potassium levels

LIU Xuan1,,
DONG Hongwei1,
GAO Yuhong2, 3,
YAN Bin2, 3,
CUI Zhengjun2,
LI Yue4,
WU Bing1, 3,,
1. College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
4. College of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31760363
the National Natural Science Foundation of China32060437
the Modern Agricultural IndustrialTechnology System Project of ChinaCARS-14-1-16
Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Project of Gansu Agricultural UniversityGaufx-02J05

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Corresponding author:WU Bing, E-mail: wub@gsau.edu.cn


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摘要
摘要:为了探讨供钾水平对胡麻抗倒伏特性的调节机理，以‘陇亚11号（V1）’和‘定亚23号（V2）’为材料，设不施钾[K0，0 kg（K2O）·hm-2]、低钾[K1，30 kg（K2O）·hm-2]、中钾[K2，60 kg（K2O）·hm-2]和高钾[K3，90 kg（K2O）·hm-2]4个供钾水平，共8个处理的裂区试验，分析不同供钾水平对胡麻茎秆木质素含量、木质素合成相关酶活性、茎秆力学特性和抗倒伏指数及产量的影响。结果表明，不同供钾水平，植株物理性状与倒伏的关系主要体现在青果期至成熟期，胡麻抗倒伏指数与茎粗呈显著正相关（P < 0.05），与株高和重心高度呈负相关。胡麻茎秆木质素含量随生育时期及供钾量不同而有所差异，苗期至盛花期，施钾后V1和V2木质素含量均在K2处理下较高；青果期至成熟期，K3处理下V1和V2木质素含量较K0处理平均显著增加17.68%和23.25%，其中，青果期不同品种、施钾及二者互作对木质素含量影响均达极显著水平（P < 0.01）。K2处理提高了现蕾期—青果期胡麻茎秆的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性及现蕾期V1品种酪氨酸解氨酶（TAL）活性，而K3处理提高了V2品种TAL活性；钾肥显著影响青果期胡麻茎秆肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）活性，2个品种CAD活性施钾较不施钾分别平均增高31.96%和12.09%；V1、V2品种过氧化物酶（POD）活性提升效应的适宜供钾量分别为K2、K1水平。V1品种茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数K2和K3处理较K0分别上升45.68%、48.90%和16.86%、31.92%，V2品种则分别上升84.32%、77.50%和1.89%、14.49%。相关分析表明，青果期，4种木质素合成相关酶与木质素和抗倒伏指数存在正相关。施钾后，2个品种均在K3处理下籽粒产量最高，分别较K0增产10.71%和17.77%，V1供钾处理间产量无显著差异，V2产量K2、K3处理较K0分别显著高出12.24%和17.77%。可见，品种是胡麻木质素积累进程中重要的影响因子，钾肥对木质素含量及其代谢相关酶活性具备一定的协同提升效应。在本试验及类似农田生态类型环境下，中、高供钾水平[60~90 kg（K2O）·hm-2]有利于促进胡麻茎秆木质素合成积累，有效地防止胡麻倒伏，为其高产稳产奠定一定基础。
关键词:胡麻/
供钾水平/
木质素/
抗倒伏特性/
籽粒产量
Abstract:To explore the effects of potassium supply on the lodging resistance of oil flax, split-plot experiments were conducted with the cultivars 'Longya No. 11' (V1) and 'Dingya No. 23' (V2) and four potassium (K2O) levels: no potassium[K0, 0 kg(K2O)·hm-2], low potassium[K1, 30 kg(K2O)·hm-2], medium potassium[K2, 60 kg(K2O)·hm-2], and high potassium[K3, 90 kg(K2O)·hm-2]. The lignin content, lignin synthesis-related enzyme activities, stem mechanical properties, lodging resistance index of the stem, and yield of oil flax under different potassium supply levels were analyzed. The results showed that under different potassium levels, the relationships between the plant physical characteristics and lodging were mainly observed from the green fruit stage to the maturation stage. The lodging resistance index of oil flax was significantly positively correlated with culm diameter and negatively correlated with plant height and gravity center height. The lignin content of the oil flax stems changed during the growth period and with the potassium supply. The lignin content of V1 and V2 was higher in K2 treatment after potassium application from the seedling stage to the flower stage. Compared with that under K0 treatment, the lignin content of V1 and V2 under K3 treatment increased by 17.68% and 23.25%, respectively, from the green fruit stage to the maturation stage. The effects of cultivar, potassium application, and their interactions on the lignin content at the green fruit stage reached extreme significance (P < 0.01). The K2 treatment increased the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of the stem from the budding stage to the green fruit stage and the tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity of the V1 cultivar at the budding stage; the K3 treatment increased the TAL activity of the V2 cultivar. Potassium fertilizer significantly affected the cinnamon alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity of the oil flax stem at the green fruit stage. Compared with that in the no potassium treatment, the CAD activity of two cultivars increased by 31.96% and 12.09% on average, respectively, after potassium application. K2 and K1 are the suitable potassium supply levels for peroxidase activity improvement in the V1 and V2 cultivars, respectively. Compared with the indexes at K0, the snapping resistance and lodging resistance indexes of V1 in the K2 and K3 treatments increased by 45.68% and 48.90%, respectively, and by 16.86% and 31.92%, respectively; V2 snapping resistance increased by 84.32% (K2) and 77.50% (K3), respectively, and the lodging resistance index increased by 1.89% (K2) and 14.49% (K3), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the four lignin related enzymes were positively correlated with lignin content and lodging resistance index at the green fruit stage. After potassium application, the highest grain yield was observed in the K3 treatment, which increased by 10.71% for V1 and by 17.77% for V2 compared with that in the K0 treatment. There was no significant difference in the yield of V1 among different potassium levels. However, the yields of V2 in the K2 and K3 treatments were significantly higher by 12.24% and 17.77%, respectively compared with that of K0. These results indicate that the cultivar is an important influencing factor of the lignin accumulation process of oil flax and that potassium fertilizer has a synergistic promotional effect on the lignin content and the metabolism-related enzyme activities. In this experiment site and the farmlands with similar ecological environments, the use of medium and high potassium fertilizers[60-90 kg(K2O)·hm-2] promotes the synthesis and accumulation of oil flax stem lignin, prevents oil flax lodging, and establishes a foundation for a high and stable yield.
Key words:Oil flax/
Potassium supply level/
Lignin/
Lodging resistance/
Grain yield

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图12018年胡麻生育季降水量(P)及气温(T)变化
E、M和L分别表示每月的上旬、中旬和下旬, 其前的数字为月份。
Figure1.Changes in precipitation (P) and temperature (T) in the oil flax growing season in 2018
E, M and L mean the early, middle and late ten days of each month, data before them are the months.


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图2不同供钾水平不同胡麻品种不同生育期的木质素含量变化
V1和V2分别为胡麻品种‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’。K0、K1、K2、K3供钾量分别为0 kg(K2O)?hm?2、30 kg(K2O)?hm?2、60 kg(K2O)?hm?2和90 kg(K2O)?hm?2。同一生育期不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure2.Stem lignin contents of different cultivars of oil flax at different growth stages with different potassium levels
V1 and V2 are oil flax cultivars ‘Longya No. 11’ and ‘Dingya No. 23’. K0, K1, K2 and K3 are potassium levels of 0 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 30 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 60 kg(K2O)?hm?2 and 90 kg(K2O)?hm?2, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same growth stage indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level.


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图3不同供钾水平下不同胡麻品种不同生育期的茎秆4种木质素代谢关键酶活性变化
PAL: 苯丙氨酸解氨酶; TAL: 酪氨酸解氨酶; CAD: 肉桂醇脱氢酶; POD: 过氧化物酶。V1和V2分别为胡麻品种‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’。K0、K1、K2、K3供钾量分别为0 kg(K2O)?hm?2、30 kg(K2O)?hm?2、60 kg(K2O)?hm?2和90 kg(K2O)?hm?2。
Figure3.Variations of activities of four key enzymes of lignin metabolism of stems of different oil flax cultivars at different growth stages under different potassium levels
PAL: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; TAL: tyrosine ammoni-lyase; CAD: cinnamon-alcohol dehydrogenase; POD: peroxidase. V1 and V2 are oil flax cultivars ‘Longya No. 11’ and ‘Dingya No. 23’. K0, K1, K2 and K3 are potassium levels of 0 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 30 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 60 kg(K2O)?hm?2 and 90 kg(K2O)?hm?2, respectively.


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图4不同供钾水平下不同胡麻品种产量变化
V1和V2分别为胡麻品种‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’。K0、K1、K2、K3供钾量分别为0 kg(K2O)?hm?2、30 kg(K2O)?hm?2、60 kg(K2O)?hm?2和90 kg(K2O)?hm?2。同一品种不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure4.Yield variations of different oil flax cultivars under different potassium levels
V1 and V2 are oil flax cultivars ‘Longya No. 11’ and ‘Dingya No. 23’. K0, K1, K2 and K3 are potassium levels of 0 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 30 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 60 kg(K2O)?hm?2 and 90 kg(K2O)?hm?2, respectively. Different lowercase letters for the same cultivar indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level.


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表1不同供钾水平不同胡麻品种不同生育期茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数变化
Table1.Effects of potassium levels on snapping resistances and lodging resistance indexes of different cultivars of oil flax at different growth stages
品种Cultivar处理Treatment茎秆抗折力Snapping resistance (N)抗倒伏指数Lodging resistance index
现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flowerstage青果期Green fruit stage成熟期Maturationstage现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flowerstage青果期Green fruit stage成熟期Maturationstage
V1K02.74±0.05c6.68±0.17c5.59±0.25b9.28±0.33d1.79±0.06b2.48±0.07b2.28±0.15b10.85±0.74b
K14.38±0.02b8.07±0.26a6.32±0.21b14.84±0.25c3.71±0.05a3.77±0.38a2.73±0.11ab9.08±0.18b
K25.09±0.10a7.38±0.18b5.90±0.46b18.49±0.29a3.89±0.03a2.90±0.18b3.04±0.22a10.91±0.42b
K34.15±0.10b7.75±0.07ab7.49±0.44a16.38±0.43b3.85±0.07a2.37±0.04b2.42±0.12b14.14±0.69a
V2K04.14±0.37ab2.84±0.11c2.81±0.08c5.48±0.25b4.57±0.14a2.18±0.19b2.10±0.08c7.83±0.49c
K13.65±0.35b3.98±0.29b3.51±0.07b15.07±0.91a3.57±0.11a1.77±0.11b3.02±0.19b23.46±0.52a
K25.25±0.25a3.92±0.10b4.08±0.06a14.35±0.61a4.87±0.05a1.72±0.05b3.79±0.18a15.87±1.59b
K34.91±0.40a4.70±0.27a4.06±0.07a13.89±0.29a4.35±0.17a3.22±0.17a3.15±0.07b14.38±1.01b
V1和V2分别为胡麻品种‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’。K0、K1、K2、K3供钾量分别为0 kg(K2O)?hm?2、30 kg(K2O)?hm?2、60 kg(K2O)?hm?2和90 kg(K2O)?hm?2。同一品种中不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。V1 and V2 are oil flax cultivars ‘Longya No. 11’ and ‘Dingya No. 23’. K0, K1, K2 and K3 are potassium levels of 0 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 30 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 60 kg(K2O)?hm?2 and 90 kg(K2O)?hm?2, respectively. Values of the same cultivar within the same line followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 level.


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表2不同供钾水平不同胡麻品种不同生育期的植株形态变化
Table2.Plant morphology changes of different cultivars of oil flax at different growth stages with different potassium levels
品种Cultivar处理Treatment株高Plant height (cm)茎粗Culm diameter (mm)
现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flowerstage青果期Green fruit stage成熟期Maturationstage现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flowerstage青果期Green fruitstage成熟期Maturationstage
V1K064.02±0.26a78.01±0.77a73.47±0.4a68.1±2.78a2.21±0.09c2.53±0.05b2.56±0.01c2.19±0.01c
K157.86±0.53d74.11±0.58b69.45±0.21b71.27±4.21a2.31±0.12bc2.73±0.05ab2.9±0.01ab2.25±0.09bc
K260.5±0.27c70.37±0.65c70.41±1.39b61.98±2.88a2.76±0.16a2.91±0.1a3.05±0.10a2.42±0.05ab
K362.01±0.04b72.64±0.58b74.41±1.13a66.95±1.91a2.65±0.09ab2.82±0.12ab2.83±0.03b2.48±0.04a
V2K061.03±0.51a63.91±0.34a60.18±0.42b60.88±0.28a2.25±0.06b2.16±0.05b2.36±0.18a1.88±0.09b
K153.65±0.01c64.42±0.23a63.09±0.36a59.77±0.67a2.3±0.07b2.21±0.06b2.77±0.08a2.23±0.12a
K258.64±0.49b61.5±0.28a59.14±0.34b60.01±0.35a2.64±0.06a2.29±0.05ab2.89±0.11a2.03±0.03ab
K358.33±0.6b62.67±1.76a59.62±0.54b60.85±0.51a2.36±0.03b2.42±0.03a2.69±0.22a2.17±0.04a
V1和V2分别为胡麻品种‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’。K0、K1、K2、K3供钾量分别为0 kg(K2O)?hm?2、30 kg(K2O)?hm?2、60 kg(K2O)?hm?2和90 kg(K2O)?hm?2。同一品种中不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。V1 and V2 are oil flax cultivars ‘Longya No. 11’ and ‘Dingya No. 23’. K0, K1, K2 and K3 are potassium levels of 0 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 30 kg(K2O)?hm?2, 60 kg(K2O)?hm?2 and 90 kg(K2O)?hm?2, respectively. Values of the same cultivar within the same line followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 level.


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表3不同胡麻品种不同生育期植株形态与茎秆抗倒伏指数的相关分析
Table3.Correlation analysis of plant morphology and lodging index of stem of different cultivars of oil flax at different growth stages
V1V2
现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flowerstage青果期Greenfruit stage成熟期Maturationstage现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flower stage青果期Greenfruit stage成熟期Maturationstage
株高Plant height?0.693*?0.155?0.761**?0.2110.504?0.186?0.188?0.455
重心高度Gravity center height?0.101?0.786**?0.405?0.740**0.374?0.644*0.4120.307
茎粗Culm diameter0.635*0.2210.602*0.602*0.4670.632*0.589*0.630*
**与*分别表示在P < 0.01与P < 0.05水平显著相关。** and * indicate significant correlation at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 levels, respectively.


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表4不同生育期胡麻品种及供钾量对茎秆木质素影响的显著性分析(F值)
Table4.Significance analysis (F value) of effects of cultivar and potassium supply and their interaction on lignin content of stem of oil flax at different growth stages
因素Factor苗期Seedling stage现蕾期Budding stage盛花期Flower stage青果期Green fruit stage成熟期Maturation stage
品种Cultivar (C)2.29519.811**1.60632.760**17.380**
供钾量Potassium supply level (K)7.614**1.07224.673**12.578**8.893**
C×K6.106**2.4928.920**6.777**1.987
**与*分别表示在P < 0.01与P < 0.05水平影响差异。** and * indicate significant effects at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 levels, respectively.


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表5不同胡麻品种生育后期木质素含量及相关酶活性与抗倒伏指数的分析
Table5.Correlation analysis of lignin content, related enzymes activities and lodging index of different oil flax cultivars at late growth stage
品种Cultivar项目Item木质素含量Lignin content酶活性Enzyme activity
PALCADTALPOD
V1木质素含量Lignin content0.613*0.5500.712**0.716**
抗折力Snapping resistance0.2590.5130.0350.4820.271
抗倒伏指数Lodging resistance index0.5410.766**0.761**0.3500.521
V2木质素含量Lignin content0.0440.790**0.647*0.608*
抗折力Snapping resistance0.668*0.1390.3110.3420.028
抗倒伏指数Lodging resistance index0.631*0.3340.2780.4390.026
PAL: 苯丙氨酸解氨酶; TAL: 酪氨酸解氨酶; CAD: 肉桂醇脱氢酶; POD: 过氧化物酶。V1和V2分别为胡麻品种‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’。*和**分别表示P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。PAL: phenylalnine ammonialyase; TAL: tyrosine ammonilyase; CAD: cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase; POD: peroxidase. V1 and V2 are oil flax cultivars ‘Longya No. 11’ and ‘Dingya No. 23’. * and ** indicate significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.


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