李超^1,,
程凯凯¹,
廖育林¹,
郭立君¹,
文丽¹,
唐海明¹,
汤文光¹,
汪柯¹,
禇飞¹,
钟伶桃²,
姜海天³,
肖小平^1,,
1.湖南省土壤肥料研究所 长沙 410125
2.宁乡市农业农村局 宁乡 410699
3.宁乡市农资服务中心 宁乡 410600
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300906
湖南省农业科技创新资金项目2019LS03-1

详细信息

作者简介:李超, 主要从事稻田培肥与耕作生态研究。E-mail: hnchaoli0419@163.com

通讯作者:肖小平, 主要从事稻田培肥及农作制研究。E-mail: hntfsxxping@163.com

中图分类号:S225.4;X513

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被引次数:0

出版历程

收稿日期:2020-08-12
录用日期:2020-09-23
刊出日期:2021-05-01

Effect of crushing degree and returning method on straw combustion

LI Chao^1,,
CHENG Kaikai¹,
LIAO Yulin¹,
GUO Lijun¹,
WEN Li¹,
TANG Haiming¹,
TANG Wenguang¹,
WANG Ke¹,
CHU Fei¹,
ZHONG Lingtao²,
JIANG Haitian³,
XIAO Xiaoping^1,,
1. Institute of Soil Fertility Research in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
2. Ningxiang Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Ningxiang 410699, China
3. Ningxiang Agricultural Materials Service Center, Ningxiang 410600, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFD0300906
Hunan AgriculturalScience and Technology Innovation Fund Program2019LS03-1

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Corresponding author:XIAO Xiaoping, E-mail: hntfsxxping@163.com

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摘要
摘要:为从根本上禁止稻草焚烧，促进稻草还田，本研究依托自主研发的稻草粉碎均匀抛撒装置，通过大田试验与野外模拟试验，以目前水稻收获的常规模式稻草不粉碎条带还田（T1）及中度粉碎条带还田（T2）为对照，设置稻草粉碎条带还田模式（T3）及稻草粉碎均匀抛撒还田模式（T4），研究不同粉碎程度与还田方式对稻草焚烧特性的影响。结果表明：稻草抛撒均匀度及还田密度随着粉碎程度的增加而显著增加，稻草还田厚度则呈显著减少趋势。T4的稻草平均长度为5.3 cm，分别仅为T1、T2的13.6%、36.8%；稻草抛撒均匀度为87.4%，较T1、T2分别增加49.7个和42.0个百分点；稻草还田厚度为2.7 cm，仅为T1、T2的22.1%、27.8%；稻草还田密度为17.6 kg·m^-3，较T1、T2分别增加88.3%、17.3%。在稻草条带还田（T1、T2、T3）模式下，粉碎程度越高，含水率下降越慢，燃烧时间越长，燃烧率越低，燃烧速率越慢，灰分越高，燃烧越不充分。T4通过稻草均匀抛撒虽可加速稻草含水率的下降，但燃烧时间、燃烧率及灰分仅分别为0.3 min、6.0%、1.7%，均显著低于其他处理，几乎未燃烧。表明稻草粉碎均匀抛撒还田条件下无法燃烧，有利于从根本上实现秸秆禁烧。
关键词:稻草焚烧/
稻草还田/
稻草粉碎/
均匀抛撒/
燃烧特性/
灰分
Abstract:Rice straw burning is a major source of pollutants emissions in China. Its contribution to the emission of various pollutants is much higher than that of corn and wheat straws, which has resulted in tremendous pressure on the surrounding urban environment and residents' health. Simultaneously, rice straw will become the most important source of organic fertilizer for rice production in the future. To fundamentally forbid rice straw burning and promote rice straw return to the field, in this study, we set the current conventional mode of rice harvest, including rice straw stripped to the field without crush (T1) and with moderate crush (T2) as controls, and crushed rice straw stripped to the field (T3) and evenly returned to the field (T4) as the treatments. The treatments relied on a self-invented device that crushed and homogeneously scattered the rice straw in field tests. The field simulation tests aimed to study the influence of different crushing degrees and returning methods on the rice straw combustion characteristics. The results showed that the scattering homogeneity and returning density of rice straw increased significantly with increased crushing degree, but the returning thickness of rice straw significantly decreased. The rice straw average length of T4 was 5.3 cm, which was only 13.6% and 36.8% of T1 and T2, respectively. The scattering homogeneity of T4 was 87.4%, which was 49.7% and 42.0% higher than that of T1 and T2, respectively. The thickness of rice straw returned to the field of T4 was 2.7 cm, which was only 22.1% and 27.8% of T1 and T2, respectively. The density of rice straw returned to the field of T4 was 17.6 kg·m^-3, which was 88.3% and 17.3% higher than that of T1 and T2, respectively. Under the rice straw strip-returning modes (T1, T2, T3), the higher the degree of rice straw crushing, the slower the decline in moisture content, the longer the combustion time, the lower the combustion rate, the slower the combustion speed, the higher the ash content, and the less sufficient the combustion. Although T4 can accelerate the decrease in rice straw moisture content by homogeneous scattering, the combustion time, combustion speed, and ash content were only 0.3%, 6.0%, and 1.7%, respectively. This was significantly lower than those in the other treatments, indicating that the rice straw was almost unburned. These results indicate that the rice straw could not be burned when crushed and evenly thrown to the field, which was beneficial for achieving a ban on rice straw combustion. Therefore, local government functional departments need only to compulsorily install the devices for crushing and homogeneously scattering rice straw with the combine harvester, which will completely prohibit the burning of rice straw. This will promote the fertilization of paddy soil and greatly reduce the difficulty and costs of agricultural law agencies enforcing rice straw burning bans.
Key words:Rice straw combustion/
Rice straw returning/
Rice straw crush/
Homogeneously scattering/
Combustion characteristics/
Ash content

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图1不同粉碎与还田方式下稻草含水率(A)和失水速率(B)的变化动态
T1: 稻草不粉碎条带还田; T2: 稻草中度粉碎条带还田; T3: 稻草粉碎条带还田; T4 : 稻草粉碎均匀还田。
Figure1.Dynamic changes of rice straw moisture content (A) and dehydration rate (B) under different crushing and returning methods
T1: rice straw was not crushed and returned to field in a strip shape; T2: rice straw was moderately crushed and returned to field in a belt; T3: rice straw was crushed and returned to field in a belt; T4: rice straw was crushed and evenly returned to field.


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图2不同粉碎与还田方式下稻草的燃烧率(A)、燃烧时间(B)和燃烧速率(C)
T1: 稻草不粉碎条带还田; T2: 稻草中度粉碎条带还田; T3: 稻草粉碎条带还田; T4: 稻草粉碎均匀还田。不同小写字母表示各处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure2.Combustion rate, combustion time and combustion speed of rice straw under different crushing and returning methods
T1: rice straw was not crushed and returned to field in a strip shape; T2: rice straw was moderately crushed and returned to field in a belt; T3: rice straw was crushed and returned to field in a belt; T4: rice straw was crushed and evenly returned to field. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表1不同粉碎与还田方式下稻草的田间特征
Table1.Field characteristics of rice straw under different crushing and returning methods

处理Treatment	稻草不同长度占比Percentage of rice straw of different length (%)					平均长度Average length(cm)	还田厚度Returning thickness (cm)	还田密度Returning density(kg?m?3)	抛撒均匀度Scattering inhomogeneity(%)
	0~5 cm	5~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	> 30 cm
T1	0±0.0c	0±0.0c	5.1±0.2b	52.5±2.1a	42.4±2.3a	39.0±2.1a	12.2±0.7a	9.6±0.6c	37.7±1.6a
T2	4.5±0.2b	29.5±1.6a	45.5±1.9a	15.9±1.1b	4.5±0.1b	14.4±0.6b	9.7±0.6b	15.0±1.3b	45.4±2.5b
T4	70.5±5.1a	25.0±1.2b	4.5±0.1b	0±0.0c	0±0.0c	5.3±0.2c	2.7±0.1c	17.6±1.2a	87.4±4.2c
T1: 稻草不粉碎条带还田; T2: 稻草中度粉碎条带还田; T4: 稻草粉碎均匀还田。同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。T1: rice straw was not crushed and returned to field in a belt; T2: rice straw was moderately crushed and returned to field in a belt; T4: rice straw was crushed and evenly returned to field. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences at P < 0.05 level.

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表2不同粉碎与还田方式下稻草燃烧的出灰率
Table2.Ash rate of burned rice straw under different crushing and returning methods

处理Treatment	稻草干重Dry rice strawweight (g)	灰渣Ash(g)	灰分Ash rate(%)	有无明火With or withoutopen fire
T1	220	32.3±0.6a	14.7±0.3a	有Yes
T2	220	32.8±0.8a	14.9±0.4a	有Yes
T3	220	33.6±0.8a	15.3±0.3a	无No
T4	220	3.7±0.3b	1.7±0.2b	无No
T1: 稻草不粉碎条带还田; T2: 稻草中度粉碎条带还田; T3: 稻草粉碎条带还田; T4: 稻草粉碎均匀还田。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。T1: rice straw was not crushed and returned to field in a strip shape; T2: rice straw was moderately crushed and returned to field in a belt; T3: rice straw was crushed and returned to field in a belt; T4: rice straw was crushed and evenly returned to field. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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