蒋莞艳1, 2, ?,,
刘鹏3,
高会1,
梁红柱1, 2,
韩立朴1,
刘金铜1,,
1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省土壤生态学重点实验室/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室 石家庄 050022
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
3.北京沃尔德防灾绿化技术有限公司 北京 100048
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0501309
国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0501308
详细信息
作者简介:付同刚, 主要从事脆弱生态系统水土过程研究, E-mail: tgfu@sjziam.ac.cn
蒋莞艳, 主要从事山地生态系统服务研究, E-mail: jgy0210@163.com
通讯作者:刘金铜, 主要从事生态工程方面研究。E-mail: jtliu@sjziam.ac.cn
?同等贡献者中图分类号:S156.4
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文章访问数:171
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-06-19
录用日期:2021-01-12
刊出日期:2021-04-01
Farmer's participation consciousness and the influencing factors in the reclamation of saline-alkali land in Hetao Irrigation Region, Inner Mongolia
FU Tonggang1, ?,,JIANG Guanyan1, 2, ?,,
LIU Peng3,
GAO Hui1,
LIANG Hongzhu1, 2,
HAN Lipu1,
LIU Jintong1,,
1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Beijing World Hazard Preventing Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing 100048, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFC0501309
the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFC0501308
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Corresponding author:LIU Jintong, E-mail: jtliu@sjziam.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:内蒙古河套灌区土壤盐渍化现象非常严重，而对于在盐碱地治理中起重要作用的基层农户，其参与意识及影响因素仍不明确。本研究利用参与式调查方法，对内蒙古河套灌区农户的种植结构、管理方式、盐碱地认知程度及参与盐碱地治理意愿等方面进行了深入了解，并利用相对感知强度和多元逻辑回归等方法，分析了农户盐碱地治理的参与意识及主要影响因素。结果表明，河套灌区长期采用大水洗盐的灌溉方式，施肥类型以化肥为主，有机肥施用较少。大水洗盐导致地下水位普遍偏高，春季返盐现象严重；较少施用有机肥不利于土壤结构的改良，可见河套灌区农户没有通过改变种植和管理方式来治理盐碱地的意识。有54%的农户认为自家的耕地土壤盐渍化较为严重，但是很少有农户主动采取治理措施。有72%的受访者表示愿意投入资金治理盐碱地，但能接受的投入成本较低（不超过750元·hm-2）。影响农民参与盐碱地治理意识的主要因素是文化程度（P < 0.05），另外投入成本过高、缺乏技术支持等也是重要因素。因此，调整农作物管理模式、加强宣传教育、增加对农户的补助及技术支持是河套灌区盐碱地改良的必要方式。该结果可为扩大盐碱地治理的群众基础以及制定相关政策提供科学依据。
关键词:河套灌区/
土壤盐渍化/
种植结构/
盐碱地改良/
暗管排水
Abstract:Soil salinization becomes more and more serious in Hetao Irrigation Region in Inner Mongolia caused by the combined effect of climate and human activities. In such a case, lots have been done by the government. However, the participation consciousness of farmers, who play an important role in the improvement of soil salinity, is still unclear. In this study, participatory rural appraisal method was used to study the farm's cropping pattern, cropping methods, and knowledge on salinity land in Hetao Irrigation Region, Inner Mongolia. The relative perception intensity and multiple logistic regression methods were used to quantitatively analyze the farmer's participation consciousness and its influencing factors. The results showed that helianthus was the main crop which was planted by 98% of the interviewees. Besides helianthus, wheat and corn also were important crops, but these crops mainly planted in soil with less or no salinization. All the planting of helianthus was based on the flowing steps: mulching film, leaching salt and artificial seeding. Chemical fertilizer was still the main type of fertilizers rather than organic fertilizer. Flood irrigation always used to leach salt, which led to the raising of groundwater table, and in turn led to the salt accumulation in the surface soil in spring. In addition, long term application of chemical fertilizer with little organic fertilizer led to the degradation of soil structure. This indicated that the cropping and managing methods in Hetao Irrigation Region may go against the improvement of soil salinization. Fifty-four percent of the interviewees considered their land as severe soil salinization, and some of them had realized the mechanism of soil salinization. The average perception intensity of farmer on mechanism of soil salinization, the degree of salinization for their own land, and the willingness to increase cost to improving saline land were 2.82, 2.44 and 2.15, respectively. This suggested that farmers had a certain understanding of soil salinization. However, none of them had taken measure to improve their land. The maximum cost that the farmers could accept in improving soil salinity was about 750 RMB per hectare per year, which was very low compared to the cost of treatment project such as sub-drainage project. The multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the education degree was the main factor that influenced the farmer's participation sense at P < 0.05 in the influence of farmers' willing to improve saline alkali land, and P < 0.1 in the influence of farmers' understanding of saline alkali land. In addition, high cost and technical level were also important factors that had to be considered. Therefore, measures must be taken in the improving of salinity land in Hetao Irrigation Region. Firstly, the government should organize trainings on saline alkali land to farmers regularly. Secondly, interest free loans should be provided to farmers who implement the saline alkali land treatment project. Thirdly, enterprises and scientific research institutions should give fixed-point support to farmers from the implementation of the project to the later maintenance. That is to say, a mode that led by the government, cooperated by scientific research institutions, and participated by enterprises and farmers should be formed in the saline alkali land improvement in Hetao Irrigation region of Inner Mongolia. Such results can provide a scientific basis for relevant policies.
Key words:Hetao Irrigation Region/
Soil salinization/
Planting structure/
Saline alkali land improvement/
Pipe-drainage
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图1河套地区主要种植结构(A)和农民主要施肥类型(B)
图A中作物a、b、c和d分别是向日葵、玉米、小麦和西葫芦。
Figure1.Planted crops (A) and applied fertilizer types (B) of farmer in Hetao region
In figure A, crop a, b, c and d are sunflower, maize, wheat and zucchini.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2河套地区农民对盐碱地的认知程度(a)、盐碱地治理意愿(b)和相对感知程度(c)
图c中, A为对盐碱地形成机理的了解程度, B为自家土地盐碱化程度, C为对盐碱地治理增加成本投入的意愿。
Figure2.Farmer's cognition of saline-alkali land (a), willingness of saline-alkali land reclamation (b) and relative perception of saline alkali land (c) in Hetao region
In figure c, A is the understanding of saline alkali land formation mechanisms; B is the degree of land salinization; C is the willingness to increase input for saline alkali land treatment.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1内蒙古河套灌区农户对盐碱地的认知指标赋值及统计特征
Table1.Assignment and statistical characteristics of farmers' cognition indexes of saline alkali land reclamation in Hetao Irrigation Region
| 认知指标 Index | 得分赋值 Assignment | 均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation |
| 对盐碱地形成机理了解程度 Understanding degree of formation mechanism of saline alkali land | 1=非常了解; 2=了解; 3=了解一点; 4=不了解 1 = understand very well; 2 = understand; 3 = understand a little; 4 = no understand | 2.82 | 1.04 |
| 自家土地盐碱化程度 Degree of salinization and alkalization of cultivated land | 1=非常严重; 2=严重; 3=一般; 4=不严重 1 = very serious; 2 = serious; 3 = less serious; 4 = not serious | 2.44 | 0.78 |
| 对盐碱地治理增加成本投入的意愿 Willingness to increase investment in saline alkali land reclamation | 1=非常愿意; 2=愿意; 3=不愿意 1 = very willing; 2 = willing; 3 = unwilling | 2.18 | 0.66 |
下载: 导出CSV表2河套灌区盐碱地治理参与意识调查变量赋值及其统计特征
Table2.Features of the interviewed farmers of investigation of sense of participation of saline alkali land reclamation in Hetao Irrigation Region
| 特征 Characteristic | 类别 Category | 频率 Frequency | 百分比 Percentage (%) | |
| 因变量 Dependent variable | 对盐碱地了解程度 Understanding degree of saline alkali land | 1=非常了解?1 = understand very well | 18 | 36.0 |
| 2=了解?2 = understand | 10 | 20.0 | ||
| 3=了解一点?3 = understand a little | 17 | 34.0 | ||
| 4=不了解?4 = no understanding | 5 | 10.0 | ||
| 对盐碱地治理意愿 Willingness to saline alkali land reclamation | 1=非常愿意? 1 = very willing | 14 | 28.0 | |
| 2=愿意? 2 = willing | 30 | 60.0 | ||
| 3=不愿意? 3 = unwilling | 6 | 12.0 | ||
| 自变量 Independent variable | 性别 Gender | 1=男? 1 = male | 37 | 74.0 |
| 2=女?2 = female | 13 | 26.0 | ||
| 年龄 Age | 1=20岁以下?1 = under 20 years old | 0 | 0 | |
| 2=21~30岁? 2 = 21-30 years old | 1 | 2.0 | ||
| 3=31~40岁? 3 = 31-40 years old | 7 | 14.0 | ||
| 4=41~50岁? 4 = 41-50 years old | 20 | 40.0 | ||
| 5=51~60岁?5 = 51-60 years old | 10 | 20.0 | ||
| 6=60岁以上? 6 = over 60 years old | 12 | 24.0 | ||
| 文化程度 Education degree | 1=小学及以下?1 = primary school and below | 18 | 36.0 | |
| 2=初中? 2 = junior school degree | 26 | 52.0 | ||
| 3=高中? 3 = high school degree | 4 | 8.0 | ||
| 4=大专? 4 = college degree | 2 | 4.0 | ||
| 5=本科及以上? 5 = bachelor degree and above | 0 | 0 |
下载: 导出CSV表3农民盐碱地治理意识的影响因素
Table3.Influencing factors of farmer's participation sense in saline-alkali land reclamation in Hetao region
| 影响因素 Influencing factor | 盐碱地了解程度 Understanding degree of saline alkali land | 盐碱地治理意愿 Willingness to saline alkali land reclamation | |||||
| 卡方 Chi-square | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 显著性 Significance | 卡方 Chi-square | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 显著性 Significance | ||
| 性别?Gender | 3.497 | 3 | 0.321 | 3.685 | 3 | 0.298 | |
| 年龄?Age | 7.313 | 12 | 0.836 | 16.306 | 12 | 0.178 | |
| 文化程度 Education degree | 14.825 | 9 | 0.096 | 17.419 | 9 | 0.043 | |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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