郭凯^{1, 2,},
刘小京^{1, 2,,},
封晓辉^{1, 2},
巨兆强^{1, 2},
陈环宇^{1, 2},
田宇^{1, 2},
李劲松^{1, 2},
李伟柳^{1, 2},
李静^{1, 2}
1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室 石家庄 050022
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0501308
国家自然科学基金项目51809260

详细信息

作者简介:郭凯, 主要从事盐碱区水土资源高效利用研究。E-mail: guokai@sjziam.ac.cn

通讯作者:刘小京, 主要从事盐碱地资源高效利用研究。E-mail: xjliu@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号:S156.4+2

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-06-18
录用日期:2020-10-13
刊出日期:2021-04-01

Reclamation effect of freezing saline water irrigation in winter season on the heavy saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District

GUO Kai^{1, 2,},
LIU Xiaojing^{1, 2,,},
FENG Xiaohui^{1, 2},
JU Zhaoqiang^{1, 2},
CHEN Huanyu^{1, 2},
TIAN Yu^{1, 2},
LI Jinsong^{1, 2},
LI Weiliu^{1, 2},
LI Jing^{1, 2}
1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFC0501308
the National Natural Science Foundation of China51809260

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Corresponding author:LIU Xiaojing, E-mail: xjliu@sjziam.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:采用田间大区试验，连续3年在河套重盐碱区开展了冬季咸水结冰灌溉试验研究，设置冬季咸水结冰灌溉（FSWI）和无灌溉对照（CK）两个处理，其中FSWI处理的灌水量为180 mm，矿化度为6.79~7.97 g·L^-1，种植作物为青贮玉米，以分析不同处理下土壤水盐和钠吸附比（SAR）的周年动态以及对作物生长的影响，探究冬季咸水结冰灌溉对河套重盐碱地的改良效果。结果表明：与CK相比，FSWI处理显著改变了春季土壤水盐和SAR动态。0~20 cm土层，春季FSWI处理的土壤含水量显著高于CK处理，玉米苗期，FSWI处理的土壤含水量平均为24.3%，显著高于CK的21.6%；FSWI处理的春季土壤含盐量和SAR显著低于CK处理，其中，FSWI处理的土壤含盐量由灌溉前的33.86 g·kg^-1降低至玉米苗期的5 g·kg^-1以下，而CK处理土壤含盐量逐渐升高至玉米苗期的34.2 g·kg^-1；FSWI处理土壤SAR由灌溉前的21.9降低至玉米苗期的9.86，CK土壤SAR则逐渐升高至玉米苗期的25.00。后续地膜覆盖和夏季降雨使FSWI处理的土壤含水量维持在23.0%以上，土壤含盐量保持在5 g·kg^-1以下，土壤SAR保持在9左右。20~40 cm土层与0~20 cm土层的土壤水盐和SAR变化趋势与表层一致，但没有表层变化剧烈。此外，随着灌溉年限的延长，同时期土壤含盐量和SAR呈逐年降低的趋势。FSWI处理玉米出苗率在70%以上，干物质产量为9~12 t·hm^-2，而CK处理由于土壤含水量较低（< 21.0%），并且土壤含盐量和SAR均较高，造成玉米出苗率极低，进而导致绝收。因此冬季咸水结冰灌溉改变了土壤水盐动态过程，变春季积盐为脱盐，显著降低了土壤SAR，并补充了土壤水分，保证了饲用玉米的正常种植和生长，这为该地区盐碱地改良和饲料作物种植提供了技术支持。
关键词:河套重盐碱地/
咸水结冰灌溉/
水盐动态/
淋洗脱盐/
作物生长
Abstract:A three-year experiment of freezing saline water irrigation in winter season was conducted in a heavy saline-alkali area in Hetao Irrigation District. Two treatments, freezing saline water irrigation (FSWI) and no irrigation (CK), were implemented; the saline water irrigation amount was 180 mm with a salinity of 6.79-7.97 g·L^-1 in the FSWI treatment, and the planting crops were silage maize. This study aimed to analyze the effects of freezing saline water irrigation on the seasonal dynamics of soil water and salt and maize growth and to evaluate the reclamation effect of freezing saline water irrigation on the saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that, compared with CK, the FSWI treatment significantly changed the soil water, salt, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) dynamics in the spring. In the 0-20 cm soil layer of the FSWI treatment, till the seedling stage of maize, the mean soil water content (24.3%) were significantly higher than that under CK treatment (21.6%) in spring. The soil salt content and SAR level under FSWI treatment were significantly lower than those under CK treatment. Under FSWI treatment, the soil salt content was decreased from 33.86 g·kg^-1 before irrigation to < 5 g·kg^-1 during the seedling stage of maize, while under CK treatment, the soil salt content was kept at 34.2 g·kg^-1. The soil SAR level under FSWI treatment was decreased from 21.9 before irrigation to 9.86 during the seedling stage of maize, while it was 25 during the seedling stage under CK treatment. Plastic film mulching and subsequent rainfall in the summer maintained the higher soil water content (> 23.0%) and lower soil salinity (< 5 g·kg^-1) and lower SAR level (< 9) in the FSWI treatment. The trends for soil water, salt, and SAR in the 20-40 cm layer were similar to but not greater than those in the 0-20 cm layer. Under FSWI treatment, the emergence rate of maize was > 70%, and the biomass of maize was 9-12 t·hm^-2. Moreover, the soil salt content and SAR level in the same season decreased with increasing years of saline water irrigation. The lower soil water content, higher soil salt content, and SAR under CK treatment led to a lower emergence rate and maize biomass. Therefore, freezing saline water irrigation in winter season significantly changed the natural dynamics of soil water and salt; soil salinization decreased as salt leaching combined with a significant decrease in soil SAR and an increase in the soil water content by infiltration of meltwater which ensured normal planting and maize growth. This technology may support the reclamation of saline-alkali soil and forage grass plantation in the area.
Key words:Heavy saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District/
Freezing saline water irrigation/
Soil water and salt dynamics/
Salt leaching/
Crop growth

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图1咸水结冰灌溉处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤水分季节动态
FSWI和CK处理分别为冬季咸水结冰灌溉处理和不灌溉处理。图中箭头示咸水灌溉时间。
Figure1.Seasonal dynamics of soil water in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers under treatment of freezing saline water irrigation
FSWI and CK are the freezing saline water irrigation and non-irrigation (control) treatments, respectively. The arrows in the figure show the irrigation time.


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图2咸水结冰灌溉处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤盐分季节动态
FSWI和CK处理分别为冬季咸水结冰灌溉处理和不灌溉处理。图中箭头示咸水灌溉时间。
Figure2.Seasonal dynamics of soil salt in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers under treatment of freezing saline water irrigation
FSWI and CK are the freezing saline water irrigation and non-irrigation (control) treatments, respectively. The arrows in the figure show the irrigation time.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图3咸水结冰灌溉处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤钠吸附比(SAR)季节动态
FSWI和CK处理分别为冬季咸水结冰灌溉处理和不灌溉处理。图中箭头示咸水灌溉时间。
Figure3.Seasonal dynamics of soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers under treatment of freezing saline water irrigation
FSWI and CK are the freezing saline water irrigation and non-irrigation (control) treatments, respectively. The arrows in the figure show the irrigation time.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1试验区土壤化学特性
Table1.Soil chemical properties in the experimental area

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	HCO3- (g·kg–1)	Cl– (g·kg–1)	SO42- (g·kg–1)	Ca2+ (g·kg–1)	Mg2+ (g·kg–1)	K++Na+ (g·kg–1)	pH	SAR (mmol·L–1)0.5	含盐量 Salt content (g·kg–1)
0~20	0.33	8.33	9.83	2.09	2.30	6.41	7.74	22.91	29.30
20~40	0.38	3.33	4.36	0.60	1.44	2.40	7.96	12.07	12.52
40~60	0.31	2.97	2.51	0.53	0.47	2.39	8.13	18.14	9.18
60~80	0.38	1.89	1.71	0.37	0.34	1.58	8.33	14.28	6.25
80~100	0.38	1.33	1.95	0.37	0.45	1.21	8.43	9.95	5.68

下载: 导出CSV
表2咸水结冰灌溉处理下玉米出苗率、穴有苗率、株高和产量的变化
Table2.Emergence rates, plant establishment rates, plant heights and biomasses under treatment of freezing saline water irrigation

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	出苗率 Germination rate (%)	穴有苗率 Plant establishment rate (%)	株高 Plant height (m)	生物量 Biomass (t·hm–2)
2017	FSWI	72.7±7.6a	90.0±7.6a	1.25±0.11a	9.20±0.61a
	CK	4.3±1.6b	6.5±0.6b	1.01±0.21b	0.75±0.06b
2018	FSWI	76.6±2.9a	94.4±9.8a	1.34±0.16a	10.6±0.74a
	CK	6.5±0.6b	9.2±0.7b	0.93±0.16b	0.67±0.04b
2019	FSWI	71.1±5.8a	88.8±8.2a	1.46±0.14a	12.30±0.87a
	CK	5.2±0.6b	8.3±1.2b	1.04±0.13b	0.73±0.07b
FSWI和CK处理分别为冬季咸水结冰灌溉处理和不灌溉处理。不同小写字母表示两处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。FSWI and CK are the freezing saline water irrigation and non-irrigation (control) treatments, respectively. Different lowercase letters mean significant different between two treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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