柴达木盆地灌区枸杞根系水分吸收来源研究

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周艳清^{1, 2,},
高晓东^{2, 3},
王嘉昕^{1, 2},
赵西宁^{2, 3,,}
1.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院杨凌 712100
2.西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室杨凌 712100
3.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所杨凌 712100
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFC0403605

详细信息

作者简介:周艳清, 主要研究方向为农业水土资源综合利用。E-mail: zhouyanq021@163.com

通讯作者:赵西宁, 主要研究方向为农业水土资源利用与调控。E-mail: xiningz@aliyun.com

中图分类号:Q948.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-06-08
录用日期:2020-08-03
刊出日期:2021-02-01

Lycium barbarum root water uptake characteristics in the Qaidam Basin irrigation

ZHOU Yanqing^{1, 2,},
GAO Xiaodong^{2, 3},
WANG Jiaxin^{1, 2},
ZHAO Xining^{2, 3,,}
1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2017YFC0403605

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Corresponding author:ZHAO Xining, E-mail: xiningz@aliyun.com

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摘要
摘要:探讨柴达木盆地灌区作物水分利用特征，可为灌溉系统设计和水资源高效利用提供理论依据。以柴达木盆地怀头他拉灌区主要作物枸杞为对象，将枸杞潜在水源划分为浅层（0~20 cm）、中层（20~60 cm）和深层（60~100 cm）土壤水，利用稳定氧同位素示踪技术以及MixSIAR模型定量研究不同田间管理模式下[平作裸地（CK）、平作覆膜（MF）和垄作覆膜（MR）]枸杞根系水分吸收特征。结果表明：萌芽展叶期浅层土壤水分环境相对较好，CK和MF处理枸杞主要吸收浅层土壤水分，利用比例分别为45.9%和37.7%，MR处理对浅层、中层和深层土壤水源的利用比例相当；开花坐果期各层土壤水分都有所提高，相比于CK，MF处理浅层土壤水分利用比例增加13.5%，MR处理浅层土壤水分利用比例减少11.1%；果熟期枸杞蒸腾耗水量增加，相比于CK，MF和MR处理对浅层土壤水分的利用比例分别增加11.7%和24.0%；落叶期浅层土壤含水量较低，3个处理都主要吸收深层土壤水分。浅层土壤水源的利用比例与该层土壤水分呈正相关，枸杞对浅层土壤水分变化较敏感。3种管理模式下枸杞根系水分吸收来源差异明显。覆膜和垄作措施均提高了土壤含水量。相比于CK，MF和MR处理枸杞都增加了对浅层水源的利用。MR处理下土壤水分状况较好且枸杞根系水分吸收利用模式更加灵活，对柴达木盆地灌区是一种较优的田间水分管理模式。
关键词:枸杞/
干旱灌区/
根系水分吸收/
土壤水分/
管理模式/
MixSIAR模型
Abstract:Lycium barbarum (Chinese wolfberry) helps ecosystems by providing storm protection and sand immobilization, and it is also a cash crop for Qaidam Basin farmers. L. barbarum is a common crop in arid regions, such as the Qaidam Basin, China, but drought and water scarcity have constrained industry development. Identifying crop water-use strategies is important for designing efficient irrigation systems. Seasonal L. barbarum water-use was investigated in 2018 in the Qaidam Basin Huaiten Tula Irrigation Area. Natural oxygen stable isotope tracers were used to measure the oxygen stable isotope composition (δ¹⁸O) of water in the xylem and soil of L. barbarum orchards with three field management practices (conventional flat planting, CK; flat-planting full-film mulching, MF; and ridge-furrow full-film mulching, MR). The soil water contribution to root water uptake was analyzed using the MixSIAR Bayesian mixing practices. The soil water and soil water δ¹⁸O profile distribution showed that all soil layers (shallow: 0-20 cm; middle: 20-60 cm; and deep: 60-100 cm) were potential water sources for L. barbarum. During the sprouting period (starting May 25, 2018), CK and MF plants used primarily shallow soil water, accounting for 45.9% and 37.7% of the total water use, respectively, due to the larger amounts of shallow-layer soil water. MR plants used the same amount of water from each layer. During the blossom and fruiting period (starting July 9, 2018), the soil water content increased in all soil layers. Compared with that in CK plants, the shallow-layer soil water use increased by 13.5% in MF plants and decreased by 11.1% in MR plants. During the fruit ripening period (starting July 30, 2018), water consumption increased. Compared with that in CK plants, shallow-layer soil water use increased in MF (by 11.7%) and MR (by 24.0%) plants. During the defoliation period (starting September 22, 2018), the water content in the shallow-layer soil was lower than that in the other soil layers, and all of the treatment groups used primarily deep-layer soil water. These results showed that shallow-layer soil contributions were positively correlated with water content, indicating that L. barbarum is sensitive to changes in the shallow-layer soil water. There were significant differences in the root water uptake among the three field management practices. Mulching and ridge-furrow treatments increased the soil water content and, compared with that in CK plants, the MF and MR treatments increased the shallow-layer soil water use. The soil water content was higher and the water source was more flexible during the growth period with the MR treatment than with the CK and MF treatments. These results suggest that MR is a better field water management practice for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of L. barbarum orchards.
Key words:Lycium barbarum/
Arid oasis irrigation area/
Root water uptake/
Soil water/
Management practices/
MixSIAR model

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图12018年5—9月降水量及降水和灌溉水稳定氧同位素值(δ¹⁸O)及平均每日气温变化
Figure1.Temporal variations of precipitation and oxygen isotopic compositions of precipitation and irrigation water, and daily temperature during May to September in 2018

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图2不同管理模式下枸杞样地土壤含水量时空变化
CK: 平作裸地; MF: 平作覆膜; MR: 垄作覆膜。
Figure2.Temporal and spatial variation of soil water contents in Lycium barbarum fields under different management treatments
CK: conventional flat planting; MF: flat planting with full film mulching; MR: ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching.

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图3枸杞样地不同深度土壤水δ¹⁸O值(平均值±标准误差, n=18)
Figure3.Stable oxygen isotope rates of soil water in Lycium barbarum fields at different depths (mean±S.E., n=18)

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图4不同管理模式下枸杞对3个土层潜在水源利用比例的时间变化
CK: 平作裸地; MF: 平作覆膜; MR: 垄作覆膜。
Figure4.Temporal variation of utilization proportions of Lycium barbarum from potential water sources in three soil layers for different management treatments
CK: conventional flat planting; MF: flat planting with full film mulching; MR: ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching.

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图5枸杞对3个土层潜在水源利用比例与相应土层土壤含水量的关系
Figure5.Relationship between utilization proportions of Lycium barbarum from potential water sources in three soil layers and corresponding soil water contents

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表1试验区0~100 cm土层土壤容重及养分含量
Table1.Soil bulk density and soil available nutrients contents in 0?100 cm soil layer in the experimental area

土层深度Soil depth (cm)	容重Bulk density (g·cm^?3)	全氮Total N (g·kg^?1)	速效氮Available N (mg·kg^?1)	速效磷Available P (mg·kg^?1)	速效钾Available K (mg·kg^?1)	有机质Organic matter (g·kg^?1)
0~20	1.56±0.07	0.36±0.0043	41.47±0.32	55.28±0.47	89.31±2.14	1.09±0.32
20~40	1.54±0.09	0.33±0.0038	51.12±0.56	19.61±0.60	82.22±0.91	1.33±0.03
40~60	1.50±0.05	0.28±0.0015	35.56±0.64	17.05±1.08	47.11±0.66	2.04±0.05
60~80	1.52±0.04	0.25±0.0019	57.84±0.85	15.92±0.61	34.53±0.65	1.77±0.04
80~100	1.50±0.07	0.27±0.0014	69.12±1.22	14.27±0.47	33.42±0.97	1.50±0.06

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表2不同处理的枸杞基本信息
Table2.Informations of Lycium barbarum trees in different management treatments

处理Treatment	平均树高Average height (cm)	平均地径Average ground diameter (mm)	株距×行距Plants space × rows space (m)
平作裸地Conventional flat planting	123±5.9	29.33±0.64	1×1.5
平作覆膜Flat planting with full film mulching	116±4.7	27.89±0.51	1×1.5
垄作覆膜Ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching	110±3.5	30.89±1.10	1×1.5
每个处理选取9株测量树高和地径。Height and ground diameter are mean values of 9 trees in each treatment.

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