张梦瑶1,
肖靖秀1,
郑毅1, 2,
汤利1,,
1.云南农业大学资源与环境学院 昆明 650201
2.云南开放大学 昆明 650201
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31760615
国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD02002007
云南省科技人才与平台计划2019IC026
详细信息
作者简介:任家兵, 主要从事养分资源高效利用研究。E-mail:415685073@qq.com
通讯作者:汤利, 主要从事农业资源与环境等方面研究。E-mail:tangli7650@163.com
中图分类号:S512.1;S643.6计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-04-21
录用日期:2020-08-06
刊出日期:2020-12-01
Wheat and faba bean intercropping to improve yield and response to nitrogen
REN Jiabing1,,ZHANG Mengyao1,
XIAO Jingxiu1,
ZHENG Yi1, 2,
TANG Li1,,
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2. Yunnan Open University, Kunming 650201, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31760615
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2017YFD02002007
the Science and Technology Talents and Platform of Yunnan Province2019IC026
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Corresponding author:TANG Li, E-mail:tangli7650@163.com
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摘要
摘要:为探明小麦||蚕豆间作体系种间互补和竞争与产量优势的关系及其氮肥响应，为豆科禾本科间作最佳氮素管理提供指导，本研究通过为期2年(2015—2017年)的田间定位试验，在不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1，90 kg·hm-2)、常规施氮(N2，180 kg·hm-2)和高氮(N3，270 kg·hm-2)4个施氮水平下，研究小麦||蚕豆间作的产量优势及其相关种间关系。结果表明，与单作相比，两年的间作小麦产量平均显著增加23.50%，单、间作蚕豆的产量均维持在4 000 kg·hm-2左右，土地当量比均表现为N0 > N1 > N2 > N3 > 1的趋势，系统生产力平均达5 023 kg·hm-2。与单作相比，间作小麦和蚕豆的花后干物质累积比例、干物质转移率和贡献率均不同程度增加，增幅随着施氮量增加而降低。不同施氮水平下，小麦的种间相对关系指数均表现出明显的互利效应，相对种间竞争强度在低氮水平为种内竞争，常规氮和高氮水平为种间竞争；蚕豆的种间相对关系指数则表现出竞争效应，相对种间竞争强度表现为种内竞争。较蚕豆而言，小麦的相对种间竞争力表现出不同程度的竞争优势，在种间竞争力为0.629 2时可获得最大的间作体系混合干物质量16 093 kg·hm-2。综上，小麦||蚕豆间作降低了低氮水平下的种间竞争强度，扩大了小麦的互利效应和竞争优势，增加了间作作物的花后干物质累积比例以及干物质贡献率，表现出明显的间作产量优势。
关键词:小麦||蚕豆间作/
种内竞争/
种间竞争/
种间互补/
间作产量优势/
施氮水平
Abstract:The wheat and faba bean intercropping system improves crop yield. However, there are few systematic reports on the relationship between the yield advantage and the interspecific interaction and its response to nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen applications were tested to improve nitrogen management in intercropped legumes and grasses, gather information on efficient nutrient use, and determine the interspecific influence on wheat and faba bean yields. The field positioning test was conducted from 2015 to 2017 to study yield advantages and interspecies relationship of wheat||faba bean intercropping system under various nitrogen application levels:no nitrogen (N0), low nitrogen (N1, 90 kg·hm-2), conventional nitrogen (N2, 180 kg·hm-2), and high nitrogen (N3, 270 kg·hm-2). Compared with monocropped wheat, the intercropped wheat yield was significantly higher in all treatments[2016:24.55% (N0), 20.71% (N1), 19.92% (N2), 16.77% (N3); 2017:35.89% (N0), 28.63% (N1), 23.32% (N2), 18.25% (N3)]. The mono and intercropped faba bean yields were both around 4 000 kg·hm-2. The land equivalent ratio of the intercropping system under different nitrogen levels was N0 > N1 > N2 > N3 > 1, and the average intercropping productivity reached 5 023 kg·hm-2 in two years. The intercropped wheat dry matter accumulation ratio after flowering, transfer rate, and contribution rate increased by 37.68%, 7.95%, and 10.59%, respectively, and the intercropped faba beans increased by 19.66%, 41.43%, and 17.64%, respectively, compared with the monocultured crops. The increase rate decreased as nitrogen increased, and the intercropped wheat dry matter accumulation ratio after flowering was significantly different at N2 and N3 levels in 2016. The average wheat relative interaction indexes were 0.13 (N0), 0.11 (N1), 0.10 (N2), and 0.08 (N3), showing mutually beneficial effects, but the faba bean indices were -0.008 (N0), -0.03 (N1), -0.08 (N2), and -0.08 (N3), indicating a competitive effect. The average wheat relative competition intensity values were -0.19 (N0), -0.08 (N1), 0.21 (N2), and 0.32 (N3), indicating intraspecific competition at low nitrogen levels (N0, N1) and interspecific competition at conventional (N2) and high (N3) nitrogen levels. All faba bean values indicated intraspecific competition:-0.75 (N0), -0.75 (N1), -0.66 (N2), and -0.65 (N3). The relative interspecific competitiveness values of wheat versus faba beans were 0.51 (N0), 0.54 (N1), 0.56 (N2), and 0.58 (N3), suggesting different degrees of competitive advantage. Competitiveness was significantly correlated (a quadratic curve) with the above-ground dry matter of the intercropping system. The maximum mixed dry matter mass of the intercropping system (16 093 kg·hm-2) was reached when the wheat versus faba bean interspecific competitiveness value was 0.629 2. Wheat and faba bean intercropping reduced the interspecific competition intensity in a low nitrogen environment (N0, N1). It also expanded the mutually beneficial effects and competitive advantages of wheat and increased the dry matter accumulation ratio after flowering and the dry matter contribution rate of intercropping crops. The maximum competitive advantage of intercropped wheat was at the conventional nitrogen level (N2, 180 kg·hm-2).
Key words:Wheat and faba bean intercropping/
Intraspecific competition/
Interspecific competition/
Interspecific complementation/
Advantage of intercropping yield/
Nitrogen application level
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图12016年和2017年不同施氮水平下单作和间作小麦和蚕豆的产量
不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平下单、间作之间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2; MW为单作小麦, IW为间作小麦, MF为单作蚕豆, IF为间作蚕豆。
Figure1.Yield of monocropped and intercropped wheat and faba bean under different nitrogen levels in 2016 and 2017
Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments of nitrogen levels and cropping patterns at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levels are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively; MW, IW, MF and IF mean monocropped wheat, intercropped wheat, monocropped faba bean and intercropped faba bean, respectively.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2小麦相对蚕豆的种间竞争力和小麦||蚕豆间作体系地上部干物质量的关系
Figure2.Relationship between interspecific competitiveness of wheat relative to faba bean and mass of dry matter of aboveground of wheat||faba bean intercropping system
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同施氮水平下小麦||蚕豆间作系统土地当量比和系统生产力
Table1.Land equivalent ratio and system production of wheat||faba bean intercropping system under different nitrogen levels
| N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 | ||
| 系统生产力 System productivity (kg·hm-2) | 2016 | 4 019±162.56c | 4 836±69.34b | 5 436±185.91a | 5 505±193.25a |
| 2017 | 3 968±11.79c | 5 069±116.91b | 5 757±117.85a | 5 597±43.37a | |
| 平均值Average | 3 993±81.71c | 4 952±93.12b | 5 596±151.88a | 5 551±118.31a | |
| 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio | 2016 | 1.17±0.03a | 1.10±0.01b | 1.08±0.02c | 1.04±0.00d |
| 2017 | 1.23±0.02a | 1.19±0.02b | 1.11±0.00c | 1.09±0.01d | |
| 平均值Average | 1.20±0.02a | 1.15±0.01b | 1.09±0.01c | 1.07±0.01d | |
| 同行不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平之间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences among different nitrogen levels at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levels are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同施氮水平下单作和间作小麦和蚕豆的花后干物质累积比例
Table2.Accumulation rates of dry matter after flowering of monocropped and intercropped wheat and faba bean under different nitrogen levels ?
| 年份Year | 种植模式Cropping pattern | N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 |
| 2016 | 单作小麦Monocropped wheat | 14.09±10.86abc | 10.79±4.43bc | 7.79±1.22c | 8.81±2.26bc |
| 间作小麦Intercropped wheat | 18.35±5.22a | 15.61±6.55ab | 14.87±3.71abc | 13.66±1.54abc | |
| 单作蚕豆Monocropped faba bean | 8.86±2.61a | 11.36±3.03a | 11.21±7.53a | 12.55±2.73a | |
| 间作蚕豆Intercropped faba bean | 9.80±7.49a | 12.59±2.34a | 13.83±11.17a | 16.40±1.92a | |
| 2017 | 单作小麦Monocropped wheat | 21.26±6.14a | 17.16±7.02a | 14.93±2.00a | 15.24±5.33a |
| 间作小麦Intercropped wheat | 23.50±6.65a | 19.00±6.18a | 20.31±5.94a | 18.90±0.73a | |
| 单作蚕豆Monocropped faba bean | 14.12±6.14b | 24.82±1.25ab | 19.14±10.51ab | 27.11±2.89a | |
| 间作蚕豆Intercropped faba bean | 22.31±9.42ab | 26.51±3.99a | 28.72±5.57a | 24.97±3.55ab | |
| 同行不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平之间单、间作小麦或蚕豆在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences among different nitrogen levels of wheat or faba bean in different cropping patterns at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levels are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同施氮水平下单作和间作小麦、蚕豆的干物质转移率和干物质贡献率
Table3.Dry matter transfer rates and contribution rates of monocropped and intercropped wheat and faba bean under different nitrogen levels ?
| 年份Year | 种植模式Cropping pattern | N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 | |
| 干物质转移率 Dry matter transfer rate | 2016 | 单作小麦Monocropped wheat | 44.64±1.79ab | 40.69±2.81bc | 35.84±4.35bc | 32.54±2.97c |
| 间作小麦Intercropped wheat | 50.78±7.23a | 42.62±7.84ab | 36.18±4.02bc | 32.73±1.58c | ||
| 单作蚕豆Monocropped faba bean | 43.73±4.71ab | 40.67±4.25abc | 35.43±9.62bc | 32.46±4.31c | ||
| 间作蚕豆Intercropped faba bean | 51.32±7.93a | 48.99±1.33a | 45.15±7.72ab | 41.92±0.34abc | ||
| 2017 | 单作小麦Monocropped wheat | 39.42±4.25ab | 35.81±8.04abc | 30.51±6.86bc | 27.30±4.36c | |
| 间作小麦Intercropped wheat | 45.37±5.52a | 40.23±8.06ab | 32.85±3.17bc | 28.40±1.30c | ||
| 单作蚕豆Monocropped faba bean | 39.99±7.77ab | 30.17±1.84bcd | 26.88±7.35cd | 18.92±6.01d | ||
| 间作蚕豆Intercropped faba bean | 44.17±9.33a | 41.77±7.44ab | 35.69±4.69abc | 42.09±3.81ab | ||
| 干物质贡献率 Dry matter contribution rate | 2016 | 单作小麦Monocropped wheat | 69.08±9.94a | 69.46±14.42a | 68.81±10.26a | 67.41±3.93a |
| 间作小麦Intercropped wheat | 73.17±5.86a | 77.17±9.37a | 80.89±4.37a | 77.00±6.55a | ||
| 单作蚕豆Monocropped faba bean | 81.61±6.55a | 75.87±7.22a | 67.29±10.74a | 60.15±7.85a | ||
| 间作蚕豆Intercropped faba bean | 82.11±14.61a | 77.29±4.04a | 73.30±7.96a | 68.17±3.32a | ||
| 2017 | 单作小麦Monocropped wheat | 60.36±12.85a | 62.68±12.24a | 54.53±14.60a | 54.93±1.72a | |
| 间作小麦Intercropped wheat | 65.51±11.56a | 63.00±7.83a | 63.65±5.42a | 60.52±13.23a | ||
| 单作蚕豆Monocropped faba bean | 50.48±4.57a | 47.74±1.32a | 39.98±12.45a | 33.55±10.22a | ||
| 间作蚕豆Intercropped faba bean | 60.56±17.81a | 53.47±9.47a | 47.15±9.93a | 55.84±6.81a | ||
| 同行不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平之间单、间作小麦或蚕豆在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences among different nitrogen levels of wheat or faba bean in different cropping patterns at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levels are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同施氮水平下小麦||蚕豆间作系统的作物种间相对关系指数
Table4.Relative interaction indexes of crops of wheat||faba bean intercropping system under different nitrogen levels
| 作物Crop | 年份Year | N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 |
| 小麦 Wheat | 2016 | 0.11±0.01a | 0.09±0.003b | 0.09±0.01b | 0.08±0.004c |
| 2017 | 0.15±0.01a | 0.13±0.003b | 0.10±0.004b | 0.08±0.01c | |
| 平均值Average | 0.13±0.01a | 0.11±0.003b | 0.10±0.004b | 0.08±0.01c | |
| 蚕豆 Faba bean | 2016 | 0.004±0.03a | -0.06±0.02b | -0.09±0.01b | -0.11±0.01b |
| 2017 | -0.02±0.01a | -0.004±0.04ab | -0.07±0.02ab | -0.05±0.01b | |
| 平均值Average | -0.01±0.02a | -0.03±0.03ab | -0.08±0.02ab | -0.08±0.01b | |
| 同行不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences among different nitrogen levels at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levelss are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表5不同施氮水平下小麦||蚕豆间作系统的作物相对种间竞争
Table5.Relative interspecific competitiveness of wheat to faba bean of wheat||faba bean intercropping system under different nitrogen levels
| 年份Year | N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 |
| 2016 | 0.56±0.01a | 0.58±0.04a | 0.61±0.02a | 0.63±0.03a |
| 2017 | 0.47±0.04a | 0.49±0.03a | 0.52±0.04a | 0.53±0.001a |
| 平均值 Average | 0.51±0.02a | 0.54±0.03a | 0.56±0.03a | 0.58±0.02a |
| 同行不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences among different nitrogen levels in the same year at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levels are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表6不同施氮水平下小麦||蚕豆间作系统作物的相对种间竞争强度
Table6.Relative competition intensity of wheat to faba bean of wheat||faba bean intercropping system under different nitrogen levels
| 作物Crop | 年份Year | N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 |
| 小麦 Wheat | 2016 | -0.13±0.08c | -0.01±0.17bc | 0.26±0.14ab | 0.40±0.04a |
| 2017 | -0.24±0.14b | -0.15±0.004b | 0.16±0.01a | 0.24±0.03a | |
| 平均值Average | -0.18±0.11b | -0.08±0.09b | 0.21±0.08a | 0.32±0.03a | |
| 蚕豆 Faba bean | 2016 | -0.82±0.02c | -0.81±0.01bc | -0.73±0.03ab | -0.72±0.05a |
| 2017 | -0.67±0.15a | -0.69±0.06a | -0.59±0.10a | -0.58±0.01a | |
| 平均值Average | -0.75±0.08a | -0.75±0.03a | -0.66±0.06a | -0.65±0.03a | |
| 同行不同小写字母表示不同施氮水平间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。N0、N1、N2和N3的施氮量分别为0 kg·hm-2、90 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences among different nitrogen levels in the same year at P < 0.05 level. The nitrogen rates of N0, N1, N2 and N3 nitrogen levels are 0 kg·hm-2, 90 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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