李岚涛,
韩本高,
张倩,
苗玉红,
王宜伦,
河南农业大学资源与环境学院 郑州 450002
基金项目: 国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目2017YFD0301106
详细信息
作者简介:王丹丹, 从事作物营养与高效施肥技术研究。E-mail:18437958711@163.com
通讯作者:王宜伦, 主要从事作物营养与高效施肥技术研究。E-mail:wangyilunrl@henau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S143;S512计量
文章访问数:218
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-03-13
录用日期:2020-07-15
刊出日期:2020-11-01
Effects of Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization on winter wheat yield, nutrient accumulation, transportation, and utilization
WANG Dandan,LI Lantao,
HAN Bengao,
ZHANG Qian,
MIAO Yuhong,
WANG Yilun,
College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2017YFD0301106
More Information
Corresponding author:WANG Yilun, E-mail:wangyilunrl@henau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:为探究冬小麦科学施肥技术，明确养分专家系统推荐施肥对冬小麦产量、养分积累转运与利用的影响，于2018—2019年分别在河南省鹤壁市和新乡市以冬小麦（鹤壁、新乡试验品种分别为‘郑麦7698’和‘郑麦366’）为试验材料，设置7个处理[农民习惯施肥（FP）、当地推荐施肥（ST）、养分专家系统推荐施肥（NE）、在NE基础上配施缓控释氮肥（RNE）、在NE基础上不施氮肥（NE-N）、在NE基础上不施磷肥（NE-P）、在NE基础上不施钾肥（NE-K）]，探究不同施肥处理对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分转运分配规律和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明，冬小麦氮、磷、钾施肥量NE较FP处理分别降低16.2%、43.3%、-13.2%（鹤壁）和19.5%、48.0%、-57.9%（新乡）；冬小麦产量NE与FP处理无显著性差异，RNE与FP处理存在显著性差异；NE、RNE较FP处理分别增产4.7%~6.6%、5.5%~9.6%（P < 0.05）。进一步研究表明，NE、RNE处理可显著增加地上部植株养分含量和积累量（P < 0.05），其花后干物质积累量较FP处理增加9.2%~14.0%、11.9%~18.6%；花前氮、磷素转运量和钾素转运对籽粒钾素积累贡献率均有提高，基于养分专家系统推荐施肥的氮、磷、钾肥平均利用效率分别为42.1%、19.2%、46.6%，平均农学效率分别为11.5 kg·kg-1、13.2 kg·kg-1、13.3 kg·kg-1。综上可知，小麦养分专家系统指导优化了氮、磷、钾肥的施用量和施用方法，促进了小麦对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用，提高了肥料利用率，具有良好的增产效果，可以在河南地区推广应用。
关键词:养分专家系统/
冬小麦/
产量/
养分转运与积累/
肥料利用率
Abstract:The overuse of fertilizer, unreasonable fertilization rates, and low fertilizer use efficiency affect modern agricultural systems, limiting farmers' income and development of sustainable agriculture in Henan Province, China. This study investigated the effect of the Nutrient Expert system on winter wheat yield, nutrient accumulation, transportation, and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Field experiments were conducted during the 2018-2019 growing season in Hebi and Xinxiang, Henan Province, with seven treatments:farmer conventional fertilization (FP), local official recommended fertilization (ST), Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization (NE), Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization with controlled-release N fertilizer (RNE), and the elimination of N, P, or K input in the NE treatment (NE-N, NE-P, and NE-K, respectively). Compared to the FP treatment, N, P, and K fertilizer rates in the NE treatment decreased by 16.2%, 43.3%, and -13.2% in Hebi and 19.5%, 48.0%, -57.9% in Xinxiang, respectively. The yields of the NE and RNE treatments were higher than those of FP by 4.7%-6.6% and 5.5%-9.6%, respectively; NE and FP did not differ significantly on yield, but the RNE yield was significantly higher than that of FP. Compared to the other treatments, NE and RNE also improved plant nutrition concentrations and accumulation during the growing season. The dry matter accumulation after anthesis in NE and RNE was significantly higher than that in FP (by 9.2%-14.0% and 11.9%-18.6%, respectively), and the contribution of N, P, and K remobilization to the grains before anthesis also increased significantly. The average fertilizer use efficiency of N, P, and K was 42.1%, 19.2%, and 46.6%, respectively, and the average agronomic efficiency was 11.5 kg·kg-1, 13.2 kg·kg-1, and 13.3 kg·kg-1, respectively, based on the Nutrient Expert system of winter wheat. In general, the Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization optimized the fertilizer management, promoted the absorption and utilization of N, P, and K, and improved the winter wheat yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Therefore, we encourage the use of the Nutrient Expert system for fertilizer management in the winter wheat fields of Henan Province, China.
Key words:Nutrient Expert system/
Winter wheat/
Yield/
Nutrient transfer and accumulation/
Fertilizer utilization rate
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图1不同施肥处理对鹤壁冬小麦不同时期养分含量的影响
各处理详见表 2。图A-C分别为不同时期冬小麦植株氮磷钾含量, 图D-F分别为冬小麦成熟期籽粒氮磷钾含量。柱形图不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure1.Effects of different fertilization treatments on nutrients contents of winter wheat in Hebi at different growth stages
Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2. Figure A-C show the plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of winter wheat at different times. Figure D-F show the grain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of winter wheat at maturity stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同施肥处理对新乡冬小麦各时期养分含量的影响
各处理详见表 2。图A-C分别为不同时期冬小麦植株氮磷钾含量, 图D-F分别为冬小麦成熟期籽粒氮磷钾含量。柱形图不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。
Figure2.Effects of different fertilization treatments on nutrients contents of winter wheat in Xinxiang at different growth stages
Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2.Figure A-C show the plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of winter wheat at different times. Figure D-F show the grain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of winter wheat at maturity stage. Different letters mean significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1试验地土壤基本化学性质
Table1.Chemical properties of the tested soils in the experimental sites
| 地点 Site | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg-1) | 有效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) |
| 鹤壁 Hebi | 7.2 | 24.9 | 1.6 | 90.1 | 18.8 | 138.2 |
| 新乡 Xinxiang | 7.6 | 19.9 | 1.2 | 74.8 | 17.2 | 85.1 |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同施肥处理的冬小麦施肥量
Table2.Fertilizer application rates of different treatments of winter wheat?
| 处理 Treatment | 鹤壁 Hebi | 新乡 Xinxiang | |||||
| N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
| FP | 当地农民习惯施肥 Farmer conventional practice | 222 | 150 | 53 | 231 | 150 | 38 |
| ST | 当地农技部门推荐施肥 Local official recommended fertilization | 240 | 105 | 90 | 210 | 96 | 60 |
| NE | 养分专家系统推荐施肥 Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization | 186 | 85 | 60 | 186 | 78 | 60 |
| RNE | 养分专家系统推荐施肥中氮肥为缓控释肥 Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization with controlled-release N fertilizer | 186 | 85 | 60 | 186 | 78 | 60 |
| NE-N | NE基础上不施氮肥 Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization eliminating N | 0 | 85 | 60 | 0 | 78 | 60 |
| NE-P | NE基础上不施磷肥 Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization eliminating P | 186 | 0 | 60 | 186 | 0 | 60 |
| NE-K | NE基础上不施钾肥 Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization eliminating K | 186 | 85 | 0 | 186 | 78 | 0 |
下载: 导出CSV表3不同施肥处理对冬小麦产量及其构成因子的影响
Table3.Effects of different fertilization treatments on winter wheat yield and its components
| 地点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 穗粒数 Grain per spike | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 穗数 Spike number (×106·hm-2) | 产量 Yield(kg·hm-2) |
| 鹤壁 Hebi | NE-N | 33.7±2.1d | 45.7±0.7a | 7.3±0.6c | 8 150.0±477.0e |
| NE-P | 35.7±0.5cd | 44.1±1.0b | 7.5±0.6bc | 8 616.7±189.3d | |
| NE-K | 36.3±3.2bcd | 44.5±0.9ab | 7.7±0.2abc | 8 950.0±132.3cd | |
| FP | 37.8±2.4abc | 44.9±0.9ab | 7.9±0.2abc | 9 316.7±104.1bc | |
| ST | 38.6±0.7abc | 44.7±0.8ab | 8.1±0.4abc | 9 683.3±256.6ab | |
| NE | 39.4±0.4ab | 44.5±0.3ab | 8.2±0.5ab | 9 750.0±200.0ab | |
| RNE | 40.2±1.0a | 44.6±0.9ab | 8.3±0.6a | 9 833.3±58.0 a | |
| 新乡 Xinxiang | NE-N | 33.6±1.7c | 42.5±1.3a | 4.8±0.5c | 4 650.0±360.6c |
| NE-P | 34.7±3.7bc | 41.4±0.9a | 5.5±0.2c | 5 166.7±453.7c | |
| NE-K | 35.4±3.4bc | 41.9±1.3a | 6.9±0.4b | 6 000.0±132.3b | |
| FP | 36.4±0.5bc | 40.5±0.7a | 7.4±1.0ab | 6 283.3±175.6ab | |
| ST | 38.2±0.6ab | 40.9±2.0a | 7.8±0.3a | 6 400.0±86.6ab | |
| NE | 40.5±0.9a | 41.5±0.8a | 7.9±0.2a | 6 700.0±606.2ab | |
| RNE | 42.0±3.1a | 40.9±1.3a | 8.0±0.2a | 6 883.3±539.3a | |
| ANOVA | |||||
| 试验地点 Site (S) | NS | *** | NS | *** | |
| 处理 Treatment (T) | *** | NS | *** | *** | |
| S×T | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| ??各处理详见表 2。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著; NS:不显著; *、**、***分别表示在P < 0.05、P < 0.01、P < 0.001水平上显著。Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2. Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different in the same site (P < 0.05). *, ** and *** represent significant effects at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant effect. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同施肥处理对冬小麦开花前后营养器官干物质转运及籽粒干物质积累的影响
Table4.Effects of different fertilization treatments on dry matter transport of vegetative organs and dry matter accumulation in grains of winter wheat before and after anthesis
| 地点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 收获指数 Harvest index | 花前 Before anthesis | 花后 After anthesis | ||||
| DMR (kg·hm-2) | DMRE (%) | DMRCG (%) | DMA (kg·hm-2) | DMAC (%) | ||||
| 鹤壁 Hebi | NE-N | 0.49±0.06a | 1 801.2±234.26bc | 16.85±1.24ab | 18.94±1.45b | 5 182.13±611.16c | 77.73±4.32b | |
| NE-P | 0.49±0.05a | 1 227.95±172.82d | 14.25±1.39b | 14.23±1.73c | 7 622.05±372.90ab | 85.77±1.73a | ||
| NE-K | 0.48±0.02a | 1 660.85±137.56c | 14.83±1.41b | 18.56±1.55b | 7 255.82±818.30b | 81.44±1.55ab | ||
| FP | 0.49±0.03a | 2 080.13±253.84ab | 17.80±2.05a | 22.31±2.55a | 7 236.54±447.53b | 77.69±2.55b | ||
| ST | 0.50±0.04a | 2 062.36±128.12ab | 18.51±2.34a | 21.29±0.98ab | 7 620.97±187.22ab | 78.71±0.98b | ||
| NE | 0.50±0.04a | 2 165.62±198.92ab | 19.13±1.67a | 22.23±2.29a | 8 251.05±520.38a | 77.77±2.29b | ||
| RNE | 0.49±0.02a | 2 202.33±260.61a | 17.82±1.12a | 22.39±2.61a | 8 097.67±195.07a | 77.61±2.61b | ||
| 新乡 Xinxiang | NE-N | 0.39±0.02a | 600.43±87.13e | 8.92±1.23c | 14.06±1.25c | 4 516.24±433.95c | 86.94±2.80a | |
| NE-P | 0.38±0.04a | 835.07±72.24d | 9.04±0.81c | 16.24±1.99c | 4 531.59±219.45c | 83.76±1.99a | ||
| NE-K | 0.41±0.03a | 1 372.12±144.38c | 13.95±2.24b | 22.86±2.16b | 4 794.55±393.22bc | 77.14±2.16b | ||
| FP | 0.40±0.02a | 1 697.46±148.72b | 15.37±0.38ab | 27.07±3.00a | 4 885.88±497.94bc | 72.93±3.00c | ||
| ST | 0.40±0.02a | 1 902.90±136.71ab | 16.04±2.23ab | 29.72±1.82a | 4 763.76±289.86bc | 70.28±1.82c | ||
| NE | 0.40±0.03a | 1 963.02±214.31a | 16.61±1.60a | 29.39±3.27a | 5 336.98±623.67ab | 70.61±3.27c | ||
| RNE | 0.39±0.04a | 1 987.76±130.59a | 17.57±1.84a | 28.90±0.42a | 5 795.57±496.68a | 71.10±0.42c | ||
| ANOVA | ||||||||
| 试验地点(S) | *** | ** | ** | * | *** | * | ||
| 处理(T) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| S×T | *** | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| ??各处理详见表 2。DMR:干物质转运量; DMRE:干物质转运率; DMRCG:干物质转运对籽粒干物质积累贡献率; DMA:干物质积累量; DMAC:干物质积累对籽粒干物质积累贡献率。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著; NS:不显著; *、**、***分别表示在P < 0.05、P < 0.01和P < 0.001水平显著。Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2>DMR: dry matter remobilization; DMRE: dry matter remobilization rate; DMRCG: contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain; DMA: dry matter accumulation; DMAC: contribution of dry matter accumulation to grain. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different for the same place (P < 0.05). *, ** and *** represent significant effects at P < 0.05, P < 0dProbability levels, resely; NS: no significant effect. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表5不同施肥处理对冬小麦氮素积累、转运及对籽粒的贡献率
Table5.N accumulation, transport and contribution rate to grain of winter wheat under different fertilization treatments
| 地点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 氮积累 Nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm-2) | 花前 Before anthesis | 花后 After anthesis | ||||||||
| 分蘖 Tillering | 拔节 Jointing | 开花 Anthesis | 成熟 Maturity | NR (kg·hm-2) | NRE (%) | NRCG (%) | NA (kg·hm-2) | NAC (%) | ||||
| 鹤壁 Hebi | NE-N | 18.2±1.1c | 101.0±13.3d | 123.7±12.8d | 177.9±19.8c | 93.0±9.3d | 75.2±1.5a | 63.9±6.2a | 49.2±3.3a | 36.1±3.8a | ||
| NE-P | 19.0±2.0bc | 125.6±12.9c | 151.5±12.9c | 199.1±12.4bc | 115.6±8.1cd | 76.3±1.1a | 72.8±12.8a | 45.2±5.3ab | 27.2±12.8a | |||
| NE-K | 20.3±2.4bc | 140.3±2.7bc | 164.1±23.0bc | 211.1±8.3ab | 124.2±14.1bc | 75.3±4.5a | 74.5±17.3a | 43.3±5.6ab | 25.5±17.0a | |||
| FP | 22.0±2.6bc | 157.9±4.8b | 178.2±19.1abc | 217.9±16.2ab | 134.8±20.9bc | 75.4±4.1a | 78.2±17.5a | 39.8±6.0b | 21.8±17.5a | |||
| ST | 23.5±2.3ab | 191.0±11.7a | 185.8±15.5ab | 233.3±25.7a | 142.3±12.4ab | 76.6±1.0a | 75.1±1.7a | 47.2±4.4ab | 24.9±1.7a | |||
| NE | 27.7±3.8a | 214.1±13.7a | 186.8±18.2ab | 235.7±6.0a | 143.2±13.8ab | 76.6±1.3a | 74.1±7.8a | 50.2±6.1a | 25.9±7.8a | |||
| RNE | 27.2±2.8a | 203.1±28.1a | 201.3±5.3a | 230.0±5.6a | 158.0±3.4a | 78.5±1.4a | 81.9±4.8a | 42.1±5.6ab | 18.1±4.8a | |||
| 新乡 Xinxiang | NE-N | 23.1±1.8c | 63.4±5.4e | 87.6±4.1e | 101.4±5.1c | 61.2±4.4e | 69.9±3.2ab | 72.0±0.9abc | 23.8±2.1c | 28.0±0.9bc | ||
| NE-P | 22.9±1.0c | 88.4±2.7d | 117.6±4.6d | 163.9±11.6b | 74.9±3.6e | 63.7±1.7c | 65.7±3.5bc | 39.6±8.2abc | 34.4±3.5ab | |||
| NE-K | 28.2±2.3bc | 113.0±15.7c | 136.2±6.3c | 177.3±19.4b | 90.5±5.5d | 66.4±2.9bc | 62.6±5.6c | 54.4±9.7a | 37.5±5.6a | |||
| FP | 30.6±3.30ab | 131.6±17.7abc | 161.6±6.0b | 203.6±13.2a | 106.8±4.5c | 66.1±2.7bc | 74.4±5.1ab | 37.0±8.6abc | 25.7±5.1cd | |||
| ST | 34.5±5.07a | 151.8±16.1a | 186.9±13.1a | 210.2±11.8a | 135.9±9.1a | 72.7±0.8a | 80.7±7.1a | 33.3±3.6bc | 19.3±2.2d | |||
| NE | 32.4±3.06ab | 144.0±5.7ab | 179.1±12.6ab | 215.4±9.7a | 123.2±3.7ab | 68.9±2.9ab | 74.7±9.4ab | 43.0±18.9abc | 25.3±3.1cd | |||
| RNE | 36.0±3.39a | 128.4±10.6bc | 176.4±14.4ab | 210.9±13.4a | 121.0±16.4bc | 68.4±3.9abc | 73.0±7.2abc | 44.6±11.0ab | 27.0±2.9c | |||
| ??各处理详见表 2。NR:花前氮素转运量; NRE:花前氮素转运率; NRCG:花前氮素转运对籽粒氮素积累贡献率; NA:花后氮素积累量; NAC:氮素积累对籽粒氮素积累贡献率。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著; NS:不显著; *、**、***分别表示在P < 0.05、P < 0.01、P < 0.001水平上显著。Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2.NR: N remobilization before anthesis; NRE: N remobilization efficiency before anthesis; NRCG: contribution of N remobilization to grain N before anthesis; NA: N accumulation after anthesis; NAC: contribution of N accumulation to grain after anthesis N. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different for the same site (P < 0.05). *, ** and *** represent significant effects at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant effect. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表6不同施肥处理对冬小麦磷素积累、转运及对籽粒的贡献率
Table6.P accumulation, transport and contribution rate to grain of winter wheat under different fertilization treatments
| 地点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 磷积累 Phosphorus accumulation (kg·hm-2) | 花前 Before anthesis | 花后 After anthesis | ||||||||
| 分蘖 Tillers | 拔节 Jointing | 开花 Anthesis | 成熟 Maturity | PR (kg·hm-2) | PRE (%) | PRCG (%) | PA (kg·hm-2) | PAC (%) | ||||
| 鹤壁 Hebi | NE-N | 1.4±0.2d | 8.8±1.1c | 16.4±1.95d | 28.1±0.96d | 14.1±2.2d | 85.5±3.6ab | 54.6±3.9b | 11.6±1.4bc | 45.1±10.0b | ||
| NE-P | 1.2±0.1e | 9.3±1.1c | 11.4±0.96e | 28.8±0.47d | 9.1±0.8e | 79.5±1.9c | 34.3±4.1c | 17.4±1.7a | 65.7±4.1a | |||
| NE-K | 1.6±0.1cd | 11.7±0.7bc | 17.9±1.24cd | 31.4±0.58c | 15.0±1.2cd | 83.4±0.9b | 52.8±5.6b | 13.5±1.9b | 47.3±5.6b | |||
| FP | 1.8±0.1bc | 14.1±1.3b | 20.9±0.55c | 33.7±0.43b | 17.5±0.2c | 83.7±1.1b | 57.6±1.0b | 12.8±0.4bc | 42.4±1.0b | |||
| ST | 1.9±0.1b | 17.5±1.2a | 24.8±1.89b | 35.9±0.51a | 21.3±1.7b | 85.8±0.3ab | 65.9±6.5ab | 11.1±1.3c | 34.1±6.5bc | |||
| NE | 2.2±0.2a | 19.1±2.4a | 29.5±1.20a | 36.5±0.74a | 25.8±1.0a | 87.5±1.0a | 78.6±4.6a | 7.0±0.7d | 21.4±4.6c | |||
| RNE | 2.4±0.2a | 20.1±2.8a | 30.0±4.23a | 37.2±1.71a | 26.3±3.5a | 87.5±2.9a | 78.4±15.3a | 7.4±1.1d | 21.6±15.3c | |||
| 新乡 Xinxiang | NE-N | 1.8±0.2d | 7.1±0.9e | 15.7±2.03d | 17.1±1.31e | 13.1±1.9d | 83.1±1.5a | 87.9±7.0ab | 2.1±0.2b | 12.1±7.0ab | ||
| NE-P | 1.6±0.2d | 8.3±1.1e | 15.1±2.09d | 17.4±1.10e | 12.2±1.2d | 80.5±2.5ab | 81.0±10.8b | 2.8±0.4a | 19.0±10.8a | |||
| NE-K | 1.9±0.3cd | 10.3±1.0d | 21.2±1.28c | 21.5±0.72d | 17.8±1.4c | 83.8±1.9a | 87.8±3.8ab | 1.9±0.3bc | 12.1±1.3ab | |||
| FP | 2.3±0.2c | 13.2±0.8c | 23.5±1.47bc | 24.1±0.63c | 18.7±1.6bc | 79.3±2.1b | 93.0±6.1a | 1.7±0.3bc | 7.0±0.9b | |||
| ST | 2.8±0.4b | 15.0±1.19bc | 25.6±1.72ab | 25.2±1.07bc | 20.3±1.5abc | 79.3±2.3b | 94.0±1.9a | 1.3±0.5c | 6.0±1.9b | |||
| NE | 3.0±0.3b | 16.6±0.93b | 27.0±1.02a | 27.4±1.88ab | 21.4±1.3a | 79.1±2.1b | 91.5±6.8ab | 1.4±0.2c | 8.5±0.9b | |||
| RNE | 3.5±0.2a | 19.3±1.33a | 27.4±1.21a | 28.8±1.31a | 21.1±1.0ab | 77.2±1.3b | 92.5±1.7a | 1.7±0.5bc | 7.5±1.0b | |||
| ??各处理详见表 2。PR:花前磷素转运量; PRE:花前磷素转运率; PRCG:花前磷素转运对籽粒磷素积累贡献率; PA:花后磷素积累量; PAC:磷素积累对籽粒磷素积累贡献率。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著; NS:不显著; *、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平上显著。Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2. PR: P remobilization before anthesis; PRE: P remobilization efficiency before anthesis; PRCG: contribution of P remobilization before anthesis to grain P; PA: P accumulation after anthesis; PAC: contribution of P accumulation after anthesis to grain P. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different for the same site (P < 0.05).*, ** and *** represent significant effects at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant effect. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表7不同施肥处理对冬小麦钾素积累、转运及对籽粒的贡献率
Table7.K accumulation, transport and contribution rate to grain of winter wheat under different fertilizer treatments
| 地点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 钾积累 Potassium accumulation (kg·hm-2) | 花前 Before anthesis | 花后 After anthesis | ||||||||
| 分蘖 Tillers | 拔节 Jointing | 开花 Anthesis | 成熟 Maturity | KR (kg·hm-2) | KRE (%) | KRCG (%) | KA (kg·hm-2) | KAC (%) | ||||
| 鹤壁 Hebi | NE-N | 13.2±0.9e | 67.2±7.3c | 197.0±23.2c | 221.2±21.4b | 11.3±1.5b | 5.7±0.5a | 39.2±1.8bc | 17.5±4.6bcd | 60.8±3.6bc | ||
| NE-P | 14.5±0.1de | 78.5±5.9c | 219.3±23.4bc | 242.7±30.2ab | 13.3±1.5b | 6.0±0.2a | 44.2±3.4b | 16.7±2.0cd | 55.9±4.0c | |||
| NE-K | 13.0±0.3e | 76.8±2.6c | 223.0±12.2abc | 261.0±18.4ab | 12.8±1.3b | 4.1±0.1a | 29.8±3.4d | 21.3±2.5abc | 70.1±5.8a | |||
| FP | 16.7±0.7cd | 102.0±6.4b | 239.6±25.2ab | 272.4±22.9a | 11.1±1.0b | 4.7±0.6a | 32.6±4.2cd | 22.7±1.7a | 67.2±6.8ab | |||
| ST | 18.1±2.7bc | 127.6±10.6a | 245.8±14.1ab | 270.5±23.8ab | 13.7±1.3b | 5.6±0.4a | 39.0±2.3bc | 21.4±1.5abc | 62.0±4.7abc | |||
| NE | 20.5±1.3ab | 139.5±16.6a | 250.5±21.5ab | 272.4±41.6a | 13.3±2.1b | 5.3±0.7a | 37.0±4.0c | 21.9±2.6ab | 63.0±4.6abc | |||
| RNE | 21.9±1.8a | 146.0±21.6a | 258.4±10.2a | 272.7±22.6a | 18.8±1.9a | 8.0±6.4a | 58.9±5.3a | 14.3±1.8d | 41.0±4.3d | |||
| 新乡 Xinxiang | NE-N | 20.6±0.6d | 52.7±3.4e | 149.0±5.2c | 165.2±19.8c | 6.8±0.8cd | 4.6±0.5ab | 41.5±3.3c | 9.5±1.3b | 58.6±2.9b | ||
| NE-P | 22.4±1.6cd | 72.3±5.8d | 188.5±16.2b | 206.3±3.8b | 6.3±0.8cd | 3.3±0.3bc | 35.8±1.5cd | 11.1±1.2b | 64.1±3.9b | |||
| NE-K | 21.4±2.1d | 78.3±5.4cd | 186.2±12.0b | 215.0±18.1b | 5.2±0.6d | 2.8±0.8c | 25.3±3.5e | 15.4±2.2a | 74.6±5.1a | |||
| FP | 25.2±2.8bc | 93.0±10.3bc | 235.1±7.0a | 250.5±20.4a | 7.8±0.9c | 2.7±0.2c | 29.4±1.5de | 15.5±2.7a | 70.7±3.9a | |||
| ST | 26.7±1.9ab | 99.7±9.2ab | 242.7±17.19a | 247.5±16.0a | 11.1±1.1b | 4.7±0.8ab | 49.0±4.2b | 11.4±2.5b | 50.7±50.2c | |||
| NE | 27.5±2.5ab | 108.1±5.0ab | 258.3±14.99a | 269.1±8.8a | 13.8±1.1a | 5.4±1.7a | 55.9±5.3a | 10.9±1.4b | 44.2±6.2d | |||
| RNE | 29.7±0.5a | 115.6±13.98a | 258.6±26.29a | 267.0±13.4a | 12.7±1.2ab | 4.9±0.4a | 52.1±4.1ab | 11.7±1.1b | 47.8±4.8cd | |||
| ??各处理详见表 2。KR:花前钾素转运量; KRE:花前钾素转运率; KRCG:花前钾素转运对籽粒钾素积累贡献率; KA:花后钾素积累量; KAC:钾素积累对籽粒钾素积累贡献率。同列不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著; NS:不显著; *、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平上显著。Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2. KR: K remobilization before anthesis; KRE: K remobilization efficiency before anthesis; KRCG: contribution of K remobilization before anthesis to grain K; KA: K accumulation after anthesis; KAC: contribution of K accumulation after anthesis to grain K. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different for the same site (P < 0.05).*, ** and *** represent significant effects at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant effect. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表8不同施肥处理对冬小麦肥料效率指标的影响
Table8.Effects of different fertilization treatments on the fertilizer efficiency of winter wheat
| 地点 Site | 处理 Treatment | 肥料利用率 Fertilizer utilization efficiency (%) | 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) | |||||
| N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
| 鹤壁 Hebi | NE | 36.8 | 18.8 | 45.4 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 12.0 | |
| RNE | 34.7 | 18.6 | 43.6 | 10.4 | 14.3 | 14.1 | ||
| 新乡 Xinxiang | NE | 48.0 | 19.3 | 49.1 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 12.8 | |
| RNE | 48.9 | 20.0 | 48.1 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.1 | ||
| ??各处理详见表 2。Description of each treatment is shown in the table 2. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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