赵风华^{1, ?,},
朱康莹^{1, 2, ?,},
龙步菊^3,,,
田振荣¹,
来剑斌¹,
孙志刚^{1, 2,,}
1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院 北京 100049
3.中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31570472
中国科学院战略性先导科技课题XDA230501002

详细信息

通讯作者:龙步菊, 主要研究方向为农业气象学, E-mail:longbuju@cau.edu.cn
孙志刚, 主要研究方向为生态遥感与区域生态, E-mail:sun.zhigang@igsnrr.ac.cn

†同等贡献者:赵风华, 主要研究方向为农田生态学, E-mail: zhaofh@igsnrr.ac.cn
朱康莹, 主要研究方向为生态遥感与区域生态, E-mail:zhuky.18b@igsnrr.ac.cn
中图分类号:S429

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-03-05
录用日期:2020-06-15
刊出日期:2020-10-01

Effect of brackish water irrigation on the resistibility of winter wheat leaf to dry-hot wind

ZHAO Fenghua^{1, ?,},
ZHU Kangying^{1, 2, ?,},
LONG Buju^3,,,
TIAN Zhenrong¹,
LAI Jianbin¹,
SUN Zhigang^{1, 2,,}
1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China31570472
The Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project of Chinese Academy of SciencesXDA230501002

More Information

Corresponding author:SUN Zhigang, E-mail:longbuju@cau.edu.cn;LONG Buju, E-mail:sun.zhigang@igsnrr.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:干热风是华北地区冬小麦生产的主要气象灾害之一，同时该区农业用水资源严重短缺，为缓解灌溉水资源不足，华北地区开展了微咸水灌溉应用技术，而微咸水灌溉对冬小麦抗干热风能力的影响尚无定论。为此，在中国科学院禹城综合试验站设置1 g·L^-1（淡水对照）、3 g·L^-1和5 g·L^-1 3个矿化度微咸水在返青—拔节期和开花—灌浆期分别对冬小麦进行灌溉处理，在灌浆期进行干热风模拟试验，观测冬小麦叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等生理参数。综合4年（2016—2019年）4次试验结果，发现：1）与1 g·L^-1矿化度微咸水灌溉相比，3 g·L^-1和5 g·L^-1矿化度微咸水灌溉可以显著降低冬小麦叶片光合速率32.2%和59.3%、蒸腾速率29.2%和51.9%、气孔导度30.7%和54.8%。2）干热风可以显著降低叶片光合速率35.4%~86.6%、蒸腾速率35.6%~67.5%、气孔导度36.4%~69.4%。3）在1 g·L^-1、3 g·L^-1和5 g·L^-1矿化度微咸水灌溉下，叶片光合速率干热风胁迫指数4年均值分别为0.55、0.45和0.74；叶片标准化蒸腾速率（蒸腾速率/水汽压饱和差）热风胁迫指数4年均值分别为0.54、0.26和0.41；气孔导度干热风胁迫指数4年均值分别为0.56、0.28和0.43。这些结果表明：1）微咸水灌溉的生理胁迫作用与干热风的生理胁迫作用对叶片光合蒸腾和气孔行为产生的影响具有相似性；2）3 g·L^-1矿化度微咸水灌溉比淡水提高了叶片对干热风的生理适应能力，证明适量微咸水灌溉可以提高冬小麦叶片适应干热风的能力。
关键词:盐分胁迫/
干旱胁迫/
微咸水灌溉/
干热风/
生理适应/
冬小麦
Abstract:Brackish water irrigation was carried out in the North China Plain to alleviate the shortage of irrigation water resources. Dry-hot wind is one of the main meteorological disasters for winter wheat in the region; the effect of brackish water irrigation on the ability of winter wheat to resist dry-hot wind is yet inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted field experiments on winter wheat at the Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Brackish water irrigation with three salinity levels of 1 g·L^-1, 3 g·L^-1, and 5 g·L^-1 was set up, and the dry-hot wind simulation was conducted in the filling period. In this study, physiological parameters of winter wheat, such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of winter wheat were observed. The analysis of the experimental data during four consecutive years (2016-2019), showed the following results: 1) the brackish water with the salinities of 3 g·L^-1 and 5 g·L^-1 could reduce the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat leaves by 32.2% and 59.3%, the transpiration rate by 29.2% and 51.9%, and the stomatal conductance by 30.7% and 54.8% (P < 0.05), respectively. 2) Dry-hot wind could reduce the photosynthetic rate by 35.4%-86.6%, the transpiration rate by 35.6%-67.5%, and the stomatal conductance by 36.4%-69.4%, respectively. The irrigation with the salinity levels of 1 g·L^-1, 3 g·L^-1, and 5 g·L^-1 decreased the four-year average dry-hot wind stress index of the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat leaves from 0.55 to 0.45 and then increased to 0.74, while the leaf transpiration rate (the difference in the saturation of water vapor pressure) decreased from 0.54 to 0.26, then increased to 0.41; the four-year average dry-hot wind stress index of the stomatal conductance decreased from 0.56 to 0.28, then increased to 0.43. The above results showed that the physiological stress of brackish water irrigation on photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal behavior was similar to that of dry-hot wind, and the brackish salinity water (3 g·L^-1) irrigation could improve the physiological adaptability of winter wheat leaves to dry-hot wind, reducing the damage caused by dry-hot wind.
Key words:Salt stress/
Drought stress/
Brackish water irrigation/
Dry-hot wind/
Physiological adaption/
Winter wheat
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注释:
1) †同等贡献者:赵风华, 主要研究方向为农田生态学, E-mail: zhaofh@igsnrr.ac.cn
朱康莹, 主要研究方向为生态遥感与区域生态, E-mail:zhuky.18b@igsnrr.ac.cn

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图1不同矿化度微咸水灌溉和干热风对冬小麦叶片净光合速率的影响
图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure1.Effects of brackish water irrigation with differentsalinities and dry-hot wind (DHW) on winter wheat leaf net photosynthetic rate
Different lowercase letters above bars indicate significantdifferences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图2冬小麦净光合速率(P_n)的干热风胁迫指数(SI)随灌溉水矿化度升高的变化
Figure2.Changes of dry-hot wind stress index (SI) of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of winter wheat with increased salinity of irrigation water


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图3不同矿化度微咸水灌溉和干热风对冬小麦叶片蒸腾速率标准化值(蒸腾速率/水汽压饱和差)的影响
图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure3.Effects of irrigation water with different salinities and dry-hot wind on winter wheat leaf standardized transpiration rate [transpiration rate (T_r)/vapor pressure saturation difference (VPD_L)]
Different lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图4冬小麦叶片蒸腾速率标准化值(蒸腾速率/水汽压饱和差)的干热风胁迫指数(SI)随灌溉水矿化度升高的变化
Figure4.Changes of dry-hot wind stress index (SI) of standardized transpiration rate [transpiration rate (T_r)/vapor pressure saturation difference (VPD_L)] of winter wheat leaf with increasing salinity of irrigation water


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图5不同矿化度的灌溉水和干热风对冬小麦叶片气孔导度(G_s)的影响.
图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure5.Effects of irrigation water with different salinities and dry-hot wind on winter wheat leaf stomatal conductance (G_s)
Different lowercase letters with bars indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图6冬小麦叶片气孔导度(G_s)的干热风胁迫指数(SI)随灌溉水矿化度升高的变化
Figure6.Changes of dry-hot wind stress index (SI) of stomatal conductance (G_s) of winter wheat leaf with increasing salinity of irrigation water


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图7灌溉水矿化度与干热风胁迫指数(SI)、生理适应指数(PAI)的关系
Figure7.Patterns of dry-hot wind stress index (SI) and physiological adaptation index (PAI) with increasing salinity of irrigation water


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图8微咸水灌溉对作物干热风适应能力的驯化提高作用示意图
Figure8.Schematic diagram of the acclimation by brackish water irrigation against the dry-hot wind stress on crops


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1不同矿化度微咸水灌溉处理的土壤表层0~10 cm含盐量和相对含水量
Table1.Salt content and relative water content in top 10 cm soil layer under irrigation treatments of brackish water with different salinities

测定日期(年-月-日) Measure date (year-month-day)	灌溉水矿化度Salinity of irrigation water (g?L–1)
	1			3			5
	含盐量 Salt content (g?kg–1)	相对含水量 Relative water content (%)		含盐量 Salt content (g?kg–1)	相对含水量 Relative water content (%)		含盐量 Salt content (g?kg–1)	相对含水量 Relative water content (%)
2016-05-26	0.751	65.1		0.974	66.5		1.092	65.1
2017-05-27	0.643	63.4		0.871	64.9		1.004	62.3
2018-05-24	0.806	66.7		1.012	64.8		1.134	64.9
2019-05-25	0.755	62.7		0.982	63.8		1.064	62.6

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