基于SWAT模型茶园化肥减施增效配比研究

删除或更新信息，请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01

孟令宇^{1, 2,},
杨浩瑜^{1, 2,},
张乃明^2,,,
邓洪^{1, 2},
刘惠见^{1, 2},
包立^{1, 2},
黄维恒¹
1.云南农业大学资源与环境学院昆明 650201
2.云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程实验室昆明 650201
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0201208-2

详细信息

作者简介:孟令宇, 主要研究方向为土壤学, E-mail:542635441@qq.com
杨浩瑜, 主要研究方向为土壤学, E-mail:369220094@qq.com

通讯作者:张乃明, 主要研究方向为土壤培肥与污染修复。E-mail:zhangnaiming@sina.com

^?共同第一作者
中图分类号:X824

计量

文章访问数:243
HTML全文浏览量:2
PDF下载量:144
被引次数:0

出版历程

收稿日期:2020-02-24
录用日期:2020-04-10
刊出日期:2020-08-01

Optimizing chemical fertilizer use in a tea plantation based on the SWAT model

MENG Lingyu^{1, 2,},
YANG Haoyu^{1, 2,},
ZHANG Naiming^2,,,
DENG Hong^{1, 2},
LIU Huijian^{1, 2},
BAO Li^{1, 2},
HUANG Weiheng¹
1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2. Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Laboratory, Kunming 650201, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0201208-2

More Information

Corresponding author:ZHANG Naiming, E-mail:zhangnaiming@sina.com

^?Equivalent authors

摘要
HTML全文
图(2)表(6)
参考文献(29)
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件(0)
访问统计

摘要
摘要:茶园化肥减施技术是改善茶园土壤环境、降低茶区地表水体富营养化的主要措施之一，有助于茶园生态环境的改善。利用云南省西双版纳自治州勐海县勐邦库区曼真村2018年3—9月大田试验数据及勐海县勐邦库区2011—2016年气象水文资料，基于SWAT模型建立区域尺度茶园化肥减施模型，构建环境效益评价体系（土壤肥力指标、水环境指标和经济效益指标），采用模糊综合评价法定量计算茶园不同施肥方式（常规化肥、70%化肥+有机肥配施、70%化肥+缓释肥配施、70%化肥+土壤改良剂配施）的环境综合效益指数，系统研究勐海茶园化肥减施增效配比方案。结果表明：1）勐邦库区流域月尺度径流与水质的模拟和实测结果趋势相同，决定系数R²=0.895，纳什系数Ens=0.837，模型拟合度高；2）综合效益权重计算结果表明，水环境指标（0.412）>土壤肥力指标（0.317）>经济效益指标（0.271），水环境对综合效益存在显著影响；3）勐海茶园最优的化肥减施配比方案为70%化肥+缓释肥配施，其土壤肥力效益指数为0.96，水环境效益指数为0.97，经济效益指数为0.99，综合效益评价指数为0.97。综上，70%化肥+缓释肥配施能有效降低茶园地表水体富营养化产生的风险，同时能够提高茶园土壤肥力而不影响茶园的经济效益。因此，配施缓释肥是现阶段较为适合勐海茶园的环境友好型施肥技术。
关键词:勐海/
区域尺度/
SWAT模型/
茶园/
化肥减施/
环境效应评价
Abstract:Optimizing fertilizer use is one of the main ways to improve soil fertility and reduce the eutrophication of surface water in tea plantations, simultaneously. This approach will play an important role in improving the ecological environment of tea plantations. The study used field data, collected from March to September 2018, and meteorological and hydrological data from 2011 to 2016 in the Mengbang Reservoir Area, Menghai County, Yunnan Province, China, to build a regional model aimed at reducing fertilizer use in a tea plantation based on the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. Four different fertilizer application methods were examined (conventional chemical fertilizer and three combined application methods: 70% chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer, 70% chemical fertilizer + slow-release fertilizer, and 70% chemical fertilizer + soil modifier). Their effect was calculated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to systematically study the optimal application of chemical fertilizers in a Menghai tea plantation. The results showed that: 1) the simulation and observed results of monthly runoff and water quality in the Mengbang Reservoir Area had the same trends (R² = 0.895, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.837), and the model fitted well. 2) In terms of overall benefit, the water environment index (0.412) contributed more than the soil fertility index (0.317) and the economic benefit index (0.271). 3) The optimal chemical fertilizer application for tea plantations in Menghai County was the 70% chemical fertilizer + slow-release fertilizer combination. Its soil fertility benefit index, water environment benefit index, economic benefit index, and comprehensive benefit evaluation index scores were 0.96, 0.97, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively. In summary, a combined application of 70% chemical fertilizer + slow-release fertilizer can effectively reduce the risk of eutrophication of surface water in tea plantations and improve the soil fertility, without affecting the economic benefits.
Key words:Menghai/
Regional scale/
SWAT model/
Tea garden/
Fertilizer reduction/
Environmental effect evaluation
^?Equivalent authors

注释:
1) ^?共同第一作者

HTML全文

图1勐邦库区流域的子流域分布情况
图中数字为子流域序号。
Figure1.Sub-basins distribution of the Mengbang Reservoir Basin
The data in the figure is the order number of the sub-basin.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图2勐邦库区流域2014—2016年月尺度径流模拟值与实际值(a)及2016年月尺度硝态氮(b)、总氮(c)、总磷(d)的模拟值与实际值
Figure2.Simulated and actual values of monthly runoff in 2014?2016 (a) and ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - {\rm{ - N}}$ (b), total N (c), total P (d) in 2016 in Mengbang Reservoir Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1研究区茶园化肥减施环境效益等级划分标准
Table1.Classification standard of environmental benefit grade of chemical fertilizer reduction in tea garden of the research area

环境等级 Environmental class	综合效应得分 Composite effect score	特征描述 Characteristic description
最佳Best	0.8~1.0	生态环境稳定Ecological environment is stable.
较好Better	0.6~0.8	生态环境较稳定Ecological environment is relatively stable.
正常Normal	0.4~0.6	生态环境不稳定Ecological environment is unstable.
不合格Unqualified	0~0.4	各种生态问题突出A variety of ecological problems is prominent.

下载: 导出CSV
表2茶园化肥减施技术田间试验不同处理的肥料种类及用量
Table2.Fertilizer types and dosages of different treatments of the field experiment about reducing application technology of chemical fertilizer in tea gardens

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment		施肥种类及用量 Type and dosage of fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)
CK	常规化肥施用 Conventional chemical fertilizer application	680 kg?hm^-2复合肥+857.76 kg?hm^-2尿素+538.92 kg?hm^-2过磷酸钙+129.34 kg?hm^-2硫酸钾 680 kg?hm^-2 compound fertilizer+857.76 kg?hm^-2 urea+538.92 kg?hm^-2 superphosphate+129.34 kg?hm^-2 potassium sulfate
YJ	70%化肥+有机肥 70% chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer	476 kg?hm^-2复合肥+801.73 kg?hm^-2尿素+185.58 kg?hm^-2过磷酸钙+70.54 kg?hm^-2g硫酸钾+2 000 kg?hm^-2有机肥(腐熟农家肥) 476 kg?hm^-2 compound fertilizer+801.73 kg?hm^-2 urea+185.58 kg?hm^-2 superphosphate+70.54 kg?hm^-2 potassium sulfate+2 000 kg?hm^-2 organic fertilizer (decomposed farm manure)
HS	70%化肥+缓释肥 70% chemical fertilizer + slow release fertilizer	476 kg?hm^-2复合肥+501.29 kg?hm^-2尿素+502.25 kg?hm^-2过磷酸钙+120.54 kg?hm^-2硫酸钾+700 kg?hm^-2缓释肥 476 kg?hm^-2 compound fertilizer+501.29 kg?hm^-2 urea+502.25 kg?hm^-2 superphosphate+120.54 kg?hm^-2 potassium sulfate+700 kg?hm^-2 slow-release fertilizer
GL	70%化肥+改良剂 70% chemical fertilizer + modifier	476 kg?hm^-2复合肥+600.43 kg?hm^-2尿素+377.25 kg?hm^-2过磷酸钙+90.54 kg?hm^-2硫酸钾+3 000 kg?hm^-2改良剂 476 kg?hm^-2 compound fertilizer+600.43 kg?hm^-2 urea+377.25 kg?hm^-2 superphosphate+90.54 kg?hm^-2 potassium sulfate+3 000 kg?hm^-2 modifier

下载: 导出CSV
表3SWAT模型分析地表水环境的数据类型及来源
Table3.Data types and sources of surface water environment analysis by SWAT model

数据类型 Data type	数据描述 Data description	数据来源 Data source
数字高程模型 Digital elevation model	全球空间分辨率为30 m的数字高程 Digital elevation with global spatial resolution of 30 m	地理空间数据云 Geospatial Data Cloud (http://www.gscloud.cn/)
土地利用类型 Land use type	1:10万土地覆盖数据 1:100 000 land cover data	中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心 Data Center of Environmental and Ecological Sciences in Western China
土壤类型数据 Soil type data	1:100万中国土壤图 1:1 000 000 soil map of China	中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心和北京师范大学 Data Center of Environmental and Ecological Sciences in Western China and Beijing Normal University
气象数据 Meteorological data	2008—2016年气象站位置、降雨、气温等数据 Meteorological station location, rainfall, temperature and other data from 2008 to 2016	中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心 Data Center of Environmental and Ecological Sciences in Western China
水质数据 Water quality data	总氮、总磷、COD等水质指标状况 Water quality indicators, such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD	勐海县水利局 Menghai County Water Conservancy Bureau
农业管理措施 Agricultural management measure	化肥施用情况(施用方式、种类、数量) Fertilizer application (mode, type and quantity)	勐海县统计年鉴、实地调查等 Menghai County Statistical Yearbook, field survey, etc.

下载: 导出CSV
表4勐邦库区流域区域尺度茶园化肥减施技术的综合效应评价指标及权重
Table4.Comprehensive effect evaluation index system and weights of chemical fertilizer reduction technology in tea garden on the regional scale of the Mengbang Reservoir Basin

1级指标First-level indicator		2级指标Second-level indicator
指标Indicator	权重Weight	指标Indicator	权重Weight
土壤肥力(U₁) Soil fertility (U₁)	0.317	阳离子交换量(U₁₁) Cation exchange capacity (U₁₁)	0.003 5
		有机质(U₁₂) Organic matter (U₁₂)	0.008 8
		碱解氮(U₁₃) Alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen (U₁₃)	0.128 9
		速效磷(U₁₄) Available phosphorus (U₁₄)	0.014 5
		速效钾(U₁₅) Available potassium (U₁₅)	0.158 3
		全氮(U₁₆) Total nitrogen (U₁₆)	0.000 3
		全磷(U₁₇) Total phosphorus (U₁₇)	0.000 3
		全钾(U₁₈) Total potassium (U₁₈)	0.002 4
水环境(U₂) Water environment (U₂)	0.412	硝态氮(U₂₁) Nitrate (U₂₁)	0.140 5
		总氮(U₂₂) Total nitrogen (U₂₂)	0.145 5
		总磷(U₂₃) Total phosphorus (U₂₃)	0.126 0
经济指标(U₃) Economic indicator (U₃)	0.271	投入化肥成本(U₃₁) Fertilizer input cost (U₃₁)	0.105 1
经济指标(U₃) Economic indicator (U₃)	0.271	茶叶产量(U₃₂) Tea yield (U₃₂)	0.165 9

下载: 导出CSV
表5勐邦库区流域茶园不同化肥减施技术的效益评价指标值
Table5.Values of benefit evaluation indexes of different chemical fertilizer reduction techniques in tea garden of the Mengbang Reservoir Basin

评价指标Evaluation index		CK	YJ	HS	GL
土壤肥力 Soil fertility	有机质Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	54.95±1.42ab	56.69±4.89ab	52.76±3.75b	58.30±0.74a
	阳离子交换量Cation exchange capacity (mol·kg^-1)	14.45±1.28a	15.04±1.32a	14.08±1.66a	15.48±0.89a
	碱解氮Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	258.25±69.50bc	272.58±82.53b	375.68±94.38a	179.82±34.26c
	速效磷Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	9.78±5.59ab	11.07±5.60ab	17.13±7.52a	8.27±5.29b
	速效钾Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	189.57±139a	171.25±91.44a	226.05±143.42a	162.49±137.74a
	全氮Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	2.74±0.14c	3.11±0.13b	3.36±0.09a	2.79±0.13c
	全磷Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.76±0.04b	0.79±0.10b	0.88±0.16a	0.80±0.10b
	全钾Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	5.16±0.13b	5.19±0.15b	5.88±0.22a	5.20±0.13b
水环境 Water environment	硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen (t·a^-1)	48.71	36.83	36.80	36.29
	总氮Total nitrogen (t·a^-1)	125.36	115.80	113.42	112.91
	总磷Total phosphorus (t·a^-1)	80.80	68.73	68.11	68.08
经济指标 Economic indicator	化肥投入成本Fertilizer input cost (￥·hm^-2)	5 196.30	5 437.62	5 223.14	6 637.62
经济指标 Economic indicator	作物年产量Annual crop yield (kg·hm^-2)	10 500.05	11 000.06	11 500.06	9 000.05
土壤肥力指标数据通过实地取样分析获取; 水环境数据由SWAT模型模拟得出; 肥料投入成本按照茶园所需肥料总量和单价计算, 未将各肥料种类和单价写出。CK, YJ, HS和GL处理如表 2所示。不同小写字母表示不同化肥减施技术间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Soil fertility index data is obtained through field sampling analysis; water environment index data is simulated by SWAT model; fertilizer input cost is calculated with the amount of fertilizer applied and price, and the types and unit prices of fertilizers are not showed. The means of CK, YJ, HS and GL treatments are shown in table 2. Different lowercases letters mean significant differences among different chemical fertilizer reduction techniques at P < 0.05 level.

下载: 导出CSV
表6勐邦库区流域茶园不同化肥减施技术环境效应综合评价
Table6.Comprehensive evaluation of environmental benefits of different chemical fertilizer reduction techniques in tea garden of the Mengbang Reservoir Basin

化肥减施技术 Fertilizer reduction technology	土壤肥力效益 Soil fertility benefit	水环境效益 Water environmental benefit	经济效益 Economic benefit	综合效益 Comprehensive benefit
CK	0.38	0.00	0.76	0.33
GL	0.07	1.00	0.00	0.43
HS	0.96	0.97	0.99	0.97
YJ	0.41	0.89	0.81	0.72
CK、YJ、HS和GL处理如表 2所示。The means of CK, YJ, HS and GL treatments are shown in the table 2.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	李磊.不同肥料处理对茶树生长和茶叶品质的影响[D].泰安: 山东农业大学, 2010 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10434-1011098198.htm LI L. The effect of utilizing fertilizer in north tea garden on tea plant growth and tea quality[D]. Tai'an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2010 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10434-1011098198.htm
[2]	廖万有.论我国茶业发展中的肥料问题[J].福建茶叶, 1993, (1):32-35 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK000000419397 LIAO W Y. Fertilizer in the development of tea industry in China[J]. Tea in Fujian, 1993, (1):32-35 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK000000419397
[3]	栾江, 仇焕广, 井月, 等.我国化肥施用量持续增长的原因分解及趋势预测[J].自然资源学报, 2013, 28(11):1869-1878 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zrzyxb201311004 LUAN J, QIU H G, JING Y, et al. Decomposition of factors contributed to the increase of China's chemical fertilizer use and projections for future fertilizer use in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(11):1869-1878 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zrzyxb201311004
[4]	LIU Z A, YANG J P, YANG Z C, et al. Effects of rainfall and fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff from subtropical tea fields in Zhejiang, China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2012, 93(3):297-307 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=54a2fa2d3fa8c6b37e99bb9be28687c7
[5]	HOU M D, OHKAMA-OHTSU N, SUZUKI S, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from tea soil under different fertilizer managements in Japan[J]. Catena, 2015, 135:304-312 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=5ebaf224df30c87655243a1cdbd21f48
[6]	樊战辉, 唐小军, 郑丹, 等.茶园土壤酸化成因及改良措施研究和展望[J].茶叶科学, 2020, 40(1):15-25 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cykx202001002 FAN Z H, TANG X J, ZHENG D, et al. Study and prospect of soil acidification causes and improvement measures in tea plantation[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2020, 40(1):15-25 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cykx202001002
[7]	吴洵.云南高原茶园土壤农化性质及施肥建议[J].中国茶叶, 1998, (2):10-11 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199800202888 WU X. Agrochemical properties and fertilization suggestions of tea garden soil in Yunnan Plateau[J]. China Tea, 1998, (2):10-11 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199800202888
[8]	毛平生, 阮建云, 李延升, 等.茶园不同施肥方式对茶树养分和鲜叶品质相关成分的影响[J].热带农业科学, 2014, 34(3):4-7 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=rdnykx201403002 MAO P S, RUAN J Y, LI Y S, et al. Effect of different fertilization methods on tea quality of tea garden[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2014, 34(3):4-7 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=rdnykx201403002
[9]	刘腾飞, 张丽霞, 张民, 等.控释肥对茶园生态环境及茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学, 2011, (3):54-60 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=shandnykx201103015 LIU T F, ZHANG L X, ZHANG M, et al. Effect of controlled-release fertilizer on ecological environment of tea garden and yield and quality of tea[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2011, (3):54-60 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=shandnykx201103015
[10]	韩文炎, 马立锋, 石元值, 等.茶树施用控释氮肥的产量和品质效应[J].土壤通报, 2007, 38(6):1145-1149 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=trtb200706023 HAN W Y, MA L F, SHI Y Z, et al. Effects of slow releasing urea on yield and quality of tea[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2007, 38(6):1145-1149 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=trtb200706023
[11]	韩文炎, 马立锋, 石元值, 等.茶树控释氮肥的施用效果与合理施用技术研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(6):1148-1155 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zwyyyflxb200706026 HAN W Y, MA L F, SHI Y Z, et al. Effects of a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on tea yield and quality and rational application technology[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007, 13(6):1148-1155 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zwyyyflxb200706026
[12]	王子腾, 耿元波, 梁涛, 等.减施化肥和配施有机肥对茶园土壤养分及茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2018, 27(12):2243-2251 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=tryhj201812009 WANG Z T, GENG Y B, LIANG T, et al. Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination on tea garden soil and tea yield and quality[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(12):2243-2251 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=tryhj201812009
[13]	黄晓德, 王壮伟, 万青, 等. 4种土壤调理剂对茶与枇杷间作茶园土壤改良效果研究[J].中国野生植物资源, 2018, 37(5):26-29 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgyszwzy201805007 HUANG X D, WANG Z W, WAN Q, et al. Effects of soil amendments on soil properties of fruit-tea intercropping garden[J]. Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 2018, 37(5):26-29 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgyszwzy201805007
[14]	樊战辉, 孙家宾, 沈婷, 等.猪场沼液施用对春茶产量和品质的影响[J].中国沼气, 2018, 36(6):51-54 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgzq201806010 FAN Z H, SUN J B, SHEN T, et al. Effects of biogas slurry application on the yield and quality of spring tea[J]. China Biogas, 2018, 36(6):51-54 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgzq201806010
[15]	李萍萍, 林永锋, 胡永光.有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶生长和土壤养分的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2015, 46(2):64-69 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyjxxb201502011 LI P P, LIN Y F, HU Y G. Effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on growth, quality of tea plants and soil nutrient[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(2):64-69 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyjxxb201502011
[16]	丁方军, 马学文, 付乃峰, 等.不同控释肥对茶园土壤碱解氮和有机质含量的影响[J].山东农业科学, 2013, 45(6):63-65 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=shandnykx201306017 DING F J, MA X W, FU N F, et al. Effects of different controlled-release fertilizers on contents of available nitrogen and organic matters in tea garden soil[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 45(6):63-65 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=shandnykx201306017
[17]	韩海东, 王俊宏, 林克明, 等. "三炬"生物有机肥在有机茶园肥效试验初探[J].茶叶学报, 2016, 57(4):188-191 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cykxjs201604006 HAN H D, WANG J H, LIN K M, et al. Sanju bio-organic fertilizer for tea plantations[J]. Acta Tea Sinica, 2016, 57(4):188-191 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cykxjs201604006
[18]	鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2000 BAO S D. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000
[19]	中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 295-1995中性土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基的测定[S].北京: 中国农业出版社, 1996 Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. NY/T 295-1995 Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Base in Neutral Soil[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1996
[20]	刘欢, 杜军凯, 贾仰文, 等.面向大尺度区域分布式水文模型的子流域划分方法改进[J].工程科学与技术, 2019, 51(1):36-44 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=scdxxb-gckx201901005 LIU H, DU J K, JIA Y W, et al. Improvement of watershed subdivision method for large scale regional distributed hydrology model[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2019, 51(1):36-44 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=scdxxb-gckx201901005
[21]	许斌, 谢贤健, 甄英.基于DEM和分形理论的沱江流域划分及河网提取[J].水电能源科学, 2018, 36(7):13-16 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=sdnykx201807004 XU B, XIE X J, ZHEN Y. Extraction of watershed characteristics of Tuojiang basin based on DEM and fractal theory[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2018, 36(7):13-16 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=sdnykx201807004
[22]	BEHERA S, PANDA R K. Evaluation of management alternatives for an agricultural watershed in a sub-humid subtropical region using a physical process based model[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2006, 113(1/4):62-72 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880905004342
[23]	LEE M, PARK G, PARK M, et al. Evaluation of non-point source pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a SWAT model and QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010, 22(6):826-833 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074209601844
[24]	VOLK M, BOSCH D, NANGIA V. SWAT:Agricultural water and nonpoint source pollution management at a watershed scale[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016, 175:1-3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/agricultural-water-management/vol/175
[25]	刘声传, 龙毅, 林开勤, 等.化肥减施对'黔茶1号'产量与品质的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2018, 34(6):60-64 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnxtb201806010 LIU S C, LONG Y, LIN K Q, et al. Effects of chemical fertilizer reducing on yield and quality of tea 'Qiancha 1'[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018, 34(6):60-64 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnxtb201806010
[26]	于立芝, 李东坡, 俞守能, 等.缓/控释肥料研究进展[J].生态学杂志, 2006, 25(12):1559-1563 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=stxzz200612023 YU L Z, LI D P, YU S N, et al. Research advances in slow/controlled release fertilizers[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25(12):1559-1563 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=stxzz200612023
[27]	刘宁, 孙振涛, 韩晓日, 等.缓/控释肥料的研究进展及存在问题[J].土壤通报, 2010, 41(4):1005-1009 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=trtb201004047 LIU N, SUN Z T, HAN X R, et al. Research progress and existing problems on slow/controlled release fertilizers[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(4):1005-1009 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=trtb201004047
[28]	金开美, 郑杰, 党永超, 等.茶园控释肥试验初报[J].天津农业科学, 2015, 21(10):103-105 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=tjnykx201510024 JIN K M, ZHENG J, DANG Y C, et al. Report on application of controlled release fertilizer in tea garden[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 21(10):103-105 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=tjnykx201510024
[29]	赵秉强, 张福锁, 廖宗文, 等.我国新型肥料发展战略研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(5):536-545 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zwyyyflxb200405017 ZHAO B Q, ZHANG F S, LIAO Z W, et al. Research on development strategies of fertilizer in China[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004, 10(5):536-545 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zwyyyflxb200405017