施肥对灌漠土作物产量、土壤肥力与重金属含量的影响

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姚佳璇^{1, 2,},
俄胜哲^{1, 2,,},
袁金华²,
时晓娟²,
车宗贤²
1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院兰州 730070
2.甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所兰州 730070
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0801103
兰州市人才创新项目2016-RC-112
临泽县凹凸棒石产业开发课题LZKFKT-1804

详细信息

作者简介:姚佳璇:主要从事资源利用研究。E-mail:1103241584@qq.com

通讯作者:俄胜哲, 主要从事植物营养与土壤生态等方面的研究工作。E-mail:eshengzhe@163.com

中图分类号:S153.3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-12-04
录用日期:2020-02-02
刊出日期:2020-06-01

Effects of different organic matters on crop yields, soil quality and heavy metal content in irrigated desert soil

YAO Jiaxuan^{1, 2,},
E Shengzhe^{1, 2,,},
YUAN Jinhua²,
SHI Xiaojuan²,
CHE Zongxian²
1. College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2017YFD0801103
Lanzhou Talent Innovation Project2016-RC-112
Linze Attapulgite Industry Development Research ProjectLZKFKT-1804

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Corresponding author:E Shengzhe, E-mail:eshengzhe@163.com

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摘要
摘要:有机物还田是提升土壤肥力的主要措施，但也存在造成土壤金属污染的潜在风险。为查明不同有机物还田对土壤质量及作物产量的影响，本文通过长期定位试验，研究了无肥对照、常规施化肥（氮磷配施）以及70%常规化肥与牛粪、沼渣、污泥、鸡粪、菌渣和猪粪配施对土壤理化性状、有机碳和氮的固存率、氮磷钾活化系数、作物产量及重金属含量的影响。结果表明：牛粪、沼渣、污泥、菌渣、鸡粪和猪粪与70%化肥配施虽作物产量与常规施化肥相似，但6种有机物处理土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量都较常规施化肥处理显著增加，污泥、鸡粪和猪粪处理土壤全磷与速效磷含量较常规施化肥处理显著增加，而且牛粪、沼渣、鸡粪和猪粪处理的速效钾、土壤磷活化系数和土壤钾活化系数较常规施化肥处理也显著提升。牛粪、沼渣、污泥、菌渣、鸡粪和猪粪处理土壤有机碳固存率为36.42%~71.61%，较常规施化肥处理都显著提高；而其氮固存率为6.47%~49.44%，仅有菌渣处理与常规施化肥处理差异不显著，而其他处理较常规施化肥处理显著增加。长期施鸡粪和菌渣处理的土壤铜含量较常规施化肥处理显著增加，增加量分别为4.17 mg·kg^-1和14.2 mg·kg^-1；而污泥、鸡粪和菌渣处理的土壤锌含量较常规施化肥处理显著增加，增加量分别为13.53 mg·kg^-1、22.60 mg·kg^-1和49.73 mg·kg^-1。综上，等有机质（4 500 kg·hm^-2）的牛粪、沼渣、污泥、菌渣、鸡粪和猪粪可替代30%氮磷肥，作物产量不受影响；不同有机物培肥土壤效果为污泥、鸡粪和猪粪优于牛粪和沼渣，而沼渣的培肥效果略差。为保证土壤环境质量稳定不恶化，种植小麦时有机物铜和锌的年携入量应分别低于53.01 g·hm^-2和221.30 g·hm^-2，而种植玉米时应分别低于153.40 g·hm^-2和347.04 g·hm^-2。
关键词:有机物/
作物产量/
土壤理化性状/
活化系数/
固存率/
重金属
Abstract:The Hexi Corridor is a famous irrigated agricultural area in Northwest China. However, ecological weakness and heavy long-term chemical fertilizer application has caused problems such as low organic matter content, soil structure degeneration, and low crop yield. Returning organic materials into the field is the main solution to improve soil fertility; however, it also risks causing heavy metal pollution in the soil. This study aimed to explore the effect of soil quality and crop yield response to different types of applied organic materials in the field. The long-term positioning experiment consisted of 8 treatments:no fertilizer (CK) as control, conventional fertilizer (NP), 70% conventional fertilizer respectively, with cow dung (0.7NP+NF), with biogas residue (0.7NP+ZZ), with sewage sludge (0.7NP+WN), with chicken manure (0.7NP+JF), with mushroom substrate residue (0.7NP+JZ), and with pig manure (0.7NP+ZF). We studied how partially replacing chemical fertilizers with different organic materials affected the physical and chemical soil properties, soil organic carbon sequestration efficiency, total nitrogen; the activation coefficients of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, as well as crop yield, and heavy metal content. The results showed that the effect of annual applications of organic materials with 70% chemical fertilizer on yield was equivalent to that of NP of wheat and corn. Compared with NP the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen content significantly increased under six organic materials treatments; the total phosphorus and available phosphorus content of sludge, chicken manure, and pig manure treatments significantly improved; and the available potassium content, soil phosphorus activity, and soil potassium activity of cow manure, biogas residue, and chicken and pig manure treatments also significantly improved. The organic carbon soil sequestration rate of cow dung, biogas residue, sewage sludge, mushroom substrate residue, and chicken and pig manure treatments were 36.42%-71.61% significantly higher than that of NP. While, the nitrogen soil sequestration rate was 6.47%-49.44% significantly higher than NP, except the mushroom residue treatment. Long-term applications of chicken manure and mushroom substrate residue significantly increased the total copper content by 4.17 mg·kg^-1 and 14.2 mg·kg^-1, respectively; sludge, chicken manure, and mushroom substrate significantly increased total content of zinc by 13.53 mg·kg^-1, 22.60 mg·kg^-1, and 49.73 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In conclusion, applications of 4 500 kg·hm^-2organic materials could replace 30% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer without reducing the crop yield. The degree that different organic materials affected soil fertilization was varied; sewage sludge, chicken manure, and pig manure were better than cow manure and biogas residue, while mushroom substrate residue was slight worse. When planting wheat, the annual carrying capacity for copper and zinc from organic materials should be less than 53.01 g·hm^-2 and 221.30 g·hm^-2, respectively. When planting corn, the annual carrying capacity of copper and zinc from organic matter should be lower than 153.40 g·hm^-2 and 347.04 g·hm^-2, respectively, to allow soil environmental quality to be stable without deteriorating.
Key words:Organic material/
Crop yield/
Soil physical and chemical properties/
Activation coefficient/
Sequestration rate/
Heavy metal

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图1不同有机物处理的土壤氮、磷、钾活化系数
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure1.Activation coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of soil under different organic material treatments
CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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图2不同有机物处理土壤有机碳和全氮的固存率
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure2.Soil sequestration rates of organic carbon and total nitrogen of soil under different organic material treatments
CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表1供试不同有机物的理化性状和用量
Table1.Physical and chemical properties and average application amounts of different organic materials in the experiment

有机物 Organic material	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^–1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^–1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^–1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^–1)	平均施入量 Average input (kg·hm^–2)
牛粪Cattle manure	8.14	351.42	16.41	6.91	25.28	12 805.19
沼渣Biogas residue	9.54	387.13	10.51	7.07	29.21	11 624.00
污泥Sludge	7.39	276.18	14.66	10.78	16.53	16 293.72
鸡粪Chicken manure	7.94	275.62	16.22	10.78	27.14	16 326.83
菌渣Mushroom residue	7.85	306.09	5.33	5.27	18.10	14 701.56
猪粪Pig manure	7.98	330.15	18.79	17.94	27.36	13 630.17

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表2供试不同有机物的重金属含量
Table2.Total contents of some heavy metals in different organic materials in the experiment ?mg·kg^–1

有机物Organic material	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb
牛粪Cattle manure	59.76	31.69	76.72	0.31	18.57
沼渣Biogas residue	59.34	27.60	66.19	0.19	18.54
污泥Sludge	119.45	78.80	251.74	0.58	33.89
鸡粪Chicken manure	92.46	84.65	319.56	0.28	23.98
菌渣Mushroom residue	42.25	19.30	44.88	0.17	20.16
猪粪Pig manure	55.19	401.97	940.58	0.47	21.67

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表3长期减施化肥和配施有机物对小麦和玉米籽粒产量的影响
Table3.Effects of long-term application of reduced chemical fertilizer and organic materials on grain yield of wheat and corn ?kg?hm^-2

处理 Treat-ment	小麦籽粒产量Wheat grain yield								玉米籽粒产量Corn grain yield
处理 Treat-ment	2011	2012	2013	2015	2016	2018	2019	平均值 Average	2014	2017	平均值 Average
CK	4 396±886a	3 241±273c	5 058±1 161ab	3 630±610d	2 202±64d	2 368±219b	2 608±611b	3 357±77c	14 594±802b	13 373±1 444b	13 984±336b
NP	5 115±733a	5 106±520ab	5 976±406a	5 239±491abc	4 502±1 272bc	6 459±443a	6 142±1 054a	5 505±196ab	15 162±996ab	16 460±524a	15 811±738a
NF	5 533±465a	4 743±1 324ab	4 929±124ab	5 249±593abc	5 569±1 141abc	6 170±836a	5 419±935a	5 373±389ab	14 998±357ab	17 933±1 591a	16 466±961a
ZZ	6 004±791a	4 851±336ab	5 307±497ab	4 741±341bc	4 175±1 159c	5 625±288a	6 364±1 063a	5 295±85ab	16 738±1 646a	17 620±1 410a	17 179±1 527a
WN	5 987±761a	6 112±1 211a	4 897±1 148ab	5 651±464ab	6 405±384ab	6 348±725a	6 075±338a	5 925±527a	16 806±930a	16 933±717a	16 870±822a
JF	5 770±689a	5 632±699ab	5 517±393ab	5 652±556ab	5 787±719abc	6 525±1 620a	5 986±1 596a	5 839±378a	15 867±1 418ab	18 093±480a	16 980±854a
JZ	4 728±1 424a	5 619±561ab	4 352±896b	4 424±722cd	4 496±1 710bc	5 814±270a	5 619±989a	5 007±631b	15 434±669ab	17 727±421a	16 580±541a
ZF	5 691±634a	4 275±155bc	5 580±507ab	6 146±207a	6 711±914a	6 770±639a	5 908±696a	5 869±217a	16 703±487a	16 967±1904a	16 835±733a
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表4不同有机物处理对土壤理化性状的影响(0~20 cm土层)
Table4.Effects of different organic material treatments on soil physic and chemical properties at 0-20 cm soil layer

处理 Treatment	容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^–1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^–1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^–1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^–1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^–1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^–1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^–1)
CK	1.43±0.01bc	8.55±0.02a	18.6±0.04e	1.04±0.005e	0.87±0.004d	22.6±0.06a	79.3±6.25d	15.5±1.90e	88.3±2.89b
NP	1.50±0.03a	8.46±0.04b	18.9±0.13e	1.03±0.004e	0.95±0.003cd	22.3±0a	79.3±9.54d	38.3±9.12de	93.3±32.15b
NF	1.40±0.05cd	8.33±0.10c	24.6±0.08bcd	1.38±0.006c	1.11±0.015c	22.4±0.02a	107.6±7.28c	98.3±35.10d	149.0±20.07a
ZZ	1.47±0.02ab	8.45±0.02b	22.8±0.10d	1.20±0.007d	1.04±0.007c	22.3±0a	92.5±2.08cd	57.6±9.2d	140.0±21.79a
WN	1.39±0.05cd	8.12±0.01d	28.8±0.42a	1.53±0.003b	1.40±0.001b	22.0±0.06a	133.4±3.61ab	159.2±1.34c	103.3±11.55b
JF	1.37±0.05cd	7.98±0.04e	26.8±0.17ab	1.74±0.007a	1.93±0.014a	22.5±0.03a	143.0±14.57a	314.1±35.67b	173.3±18.93a
JZ	1.39±0.01cd	8.48±0.03ab	24.1±0.14cd	1.23±0.007d	1.07±0.003c	22.2±0.09a	96.7±2.76c	56.5±4.95d	105.0±5.00b
ZF	1.35±0.03d	8.08±0.05d	26.4±0.23abc	1.50±0.012b	1.94±0.131a	22.6±0.06a	123.8±12.66b	380.9±13.27a	158.3±17.56a
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表5作物产量、固存率与土壤理化性状的相关性分析
Table5.Correlation analysis of crop yield, soil sequestration rate and soil physical and chemical properties

	小麦产量 Wheat yield	玉米产量 Corn yield	有机碳固存率 C_SE	氮固存率 N_SE	容重 Soil bulk density	pH	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	全钾 TotalK	碱解氮 AvailableN	速效磷 AvailableP	速效钾 Available K
小麦产量Wheat yield	1.00
玉米产量Corn yield	0.71^**	1.00
有机碳固存率C_SE	0.70^**	0.65^**	1.00
氮固存率N_SE	0.48^*	0.15	0.75^**	1.00
容重Soil bulk density	-0.19	-0.15	-0.41^*	-0.46^*	1.00
pH	-0.70^**	-0.48^*	-0.64^**	-0.82^**	0.57^**	1.00
有机质Organic matter	0.57^**	0.51^*	0.94^**	0.77^**	-0.66^**	-0.73^**	1.00
全氮Total N	0.61^**	0.43^*	0.76^**	0.91^**	-0.67^**	-0.89^**	0.87^**	1.00
全磷Total P	0.59^**	0.41^*	0.52^*	0.70^**	-0.62^**	-0.92^**	0.66^**	0.84^**	1.00
全钾Total K	-0.03	-0.05	-0.03	0.10	-0.16	-0.17	0.08	0.17	0.28	1.00
碱解氮Available N	0.59^**	0.48^*	0.83^**	0.86^**	-0.63^**	-0.92^**	0.90^**	0.95^**	0.84^**	0.11	1.00
速效磷Available P	0.56^**	0.39	0.47^*	0.66^**	-0.61^**	-0.89^**	0.61^**	0.78^**	0.98^**	0.27	0.78^**	1.00
速效钾Available K	0.43^*	0.30	0.25	0.68^**	-0.34	-0.52^*	0.35	0.61^**	0.62^**	0.22	0.48^*	0.63^**	1.00
C_SE和N_SE分别表示有机碳和全氮土壤固存率。和分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。C_SE and N_SE stand for soil sequestration rate of organic carbon and total nitrogen, respectively. and ** represent significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表6不同有机物处理的土壤重金属含量(0~20 cm土层)
Table6.Contents of soil heavy metals under different organic material treatments at 0-20 cm soil layer mg·kg^–1

处理Treatment	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb
CK	114.00±2.65a	33.27±1.01bc	73.60±0.72d	0.21±0.01a	23.80±0.53a
NP	109.67±3.21a	32.33±1.11c	71.27±2.15d	0.21±0.06a	23.73±1.26a
NF	110.67±1.53a	33.90±0.36bc	78.20±2.11cd	0.21±0.02a	23.23±1.19a
ZZ	115.00±3.00a	32.40±1.61c	73.70±4.09d	0.22±0.01a	23.50±1.21a
WN	112.67±3.06a	34.93±1.29b	84.80±5.01c	0.24±0.02a	25.47±2.80a
JF	113.67±4.93a	36.50±2.33b	93.87±6.31b	0.24±0.03a	27.47±7.32a
JZ	110.67±2.31a	46.50±3.66a	121.00±8.54a	0.23±0.03a	30.07±12.27a
ZF	110.67±2.08a	32.87±0.81c	71.00±1.44d	0.21±0.01a	24.70±1.65a
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表7小麦和玉米籽粒重金属含量
Table7.Contents of heavy metals in wheat and corn grains ? mg·kg^–1

处理Treatment	小麦籽粒重金属含量Content of heavy metal in wheat grain					玉米籽粒重金属含量Content of heavy metal in corn grain
处理Treatment	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb
CK	1.26±0.38a	5.55±0.52ab	33.46±2.67a	0.05±0.00a	0.17±0.08a	0.27±0.02a	0.89±0.04b	12.17±0.86a	0.002±0a	0.06±0.01a
NP	1.38±0.48a	5.76±0.20a	29.93±0.56abc	0.02±0.03a	0.08±0.03a	0.34±0.07a	1.01±0.05a	11.63±0.21ab	0.003±0a	0.06±0a
NF	1.41±0.70a	5.12±0.23b	30.16±2.65abc	0.02±0.03a	0.13±0.14a	0.33±0.10a	0.85±0.05bc	10.03±1.00c	0.003±0a	0.06±0.01a
ZZ	1.63±1.20a	5.37±0.20ab	28.92±2.76c	0.05±0.05a	0.03±0.16a	0.32±0.10a	0.90±0.08b	10.27±0.46c	0.003±0a	0.06±0.01a
WN	1.20±0.96a	5.21±0.21b	30.12±0.54abc	0.03±0.03a	0.07±0.55a	0.27±0a	0.85±0.02bc	10.63±0.40bc	0.003±0a	0.06±0.01a
JF	1.53±0.70a	5.17±0.06b	31.01±1.07abc	0.03±0.03a	0.07±0.10a	0.29±0a	0.76±0.06c	9.50±0.56c	0.003±0a	0.06±0.01a
JZ	1.40±1.26a	5.35±0.17ab	33.09±1.98ab	0.07±0.03a	0.02±0.10a	0.29±0.02a	0.82±0.06bc	11.67±0.06ab	0.003±0a	0.06±0.01a
ZF	1.41±1.28a	5.30±0.18ab	29.48±0.85bc	0.04±0.03a	0.12±0.15a	0.30±0.06a	1.05±0.07a	11.50±0.70ab	0.003±0a	0.06±0.01a
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表8不同有机物处理小麦和玉米的重金属年携出量
Table8.Annual heavy metal uptake by wheat and corn under different organic material treatments ? g·kg^-1

处理Treatment	小麦年重金属携出量Annual heavy metal uptake by wheat					玉米年重金属携出量Annual heavy metal uptake by corn
处理Treatment	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb
CK	24.83±2.21a	38.34±1.64c	169.74±13.05c	0.39±0.02abc	7.51±1.27a	516.16±212.81ab	99.72±9.06b	381.90±86.16a	0.89±0.03a	12.99±0.28a
NP	32.21±3.95a	58.80±2.44ab	237.04±6.43ab	0.21±0.19c	6.35±2.03a	363.55±31.84b	154.89±5.55a	394.46±97.98a	1.42±0.55a	13.85±3.70a
NF	36.55±5.37a	55.69±5.74ab	239.90±24.19ab	0.43±0.15abc	10.64±7.74a	459.04±50.11ab	178.07±27.61a	358.51±42.07a	1.50±0.47a	14.86±1.36a
ZZ	35.80±7.90a	55.01±4.32ab	221.30±10.11b	0.82±0.43a	7.21±4.83a	486.55±119.19ab	171.06±5.24a	361.02±25.39a	1.59±0.27a	14.80±1.03a
WN	34.65±4.90a	62.85±7.26a	261.5±25.201ab	0.71±0.09ab	9.11±4.92a	352.72±65.77b	154.05±6.55a	382.57±33.61a	1.26±0.08a	18.39±5.93a
JF	37.56±10.49a	64.07±5.93a	274.82±20.84a	0.34±0.08bc	8.38±1.47a	501.25±165.48ab	153.40±47.70a	347.04±65.17a	1.30±0.33a	13.74±3.93a
JZ	29.99±8.16a	53.01±6.57b	240.70±35.32a	0.43±0.16abc	6.09±1.91a	524.20±56.50ab	162.80±26.32a	433.34±78.55a	1.27±0.53a	20.50±7.43a
ZF	26.03±6.57a	62.04±4.08ab	257.77±0.83ab	0.46±0.40abc	4.66±2.11a	742.90±324.80a	176.49±20.45a	405.45±43.19a	1.65±0.71a	19.29±6.61a
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。同列不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表9不同有机物年携入重金属的量
Table9.Heavy metal amounts input into soil by different organic materials ?g·hm^–2

处理Treatment	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb
CK	0	0	0	0	0
NP	0	0	0	0	0
NF	765.24	405.80	982.42	3.97	237.79
ZZ	689.77	320.82	769.40	2.21	215.51
WN	1 946.31	1 283.96	4 101.83	9.45	551.20
JF	1 509.61	1 382.09	5 217.50	4.57	391.52
JZ	621.14	283.74	629.80	2.50	296.38
ZF	752.24	5 478.85	12 820.11	6.41	295.36
CK、NP、NF、ZZ、WN、JF、JZ和ZF分别表示对照(不施肥)、常规施化肥(氮磷配施)、70%氮磷肥+牛粪、70%氮磷肥+沼渣、70%氮磷肥+污泥、70%氮磷肥+鸡粪、70%氮磷肥+菌渣和70%氮磷肥+猪粪。CK, NP, NF, ZZ, WN, JF, JZ and ZF stand for the treatments of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers (NP), 70% NP coupled with cow dung, 70% NP coupled with biogas residue, 70% NP coupled with sewage sludge, 70% NP coupled with chicken manure, 70% NP coupled with mushroom substrate residue, and 70% NP coupled with pig manure, respectively.

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