郭凤霞1,,,
陈垣2, 3,,,
袁洪超1,
姜小凤1,
甄世伟1
1.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 兰州 730070
2.甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省中药材规范化生产技术创新重点实验室/甘肃省药用植物栽培育种工程研究中心 兰州 730070
3.甘肃中天药业有限责任公司/甘肃省特色药用植物资源保护与利用工程实验室/甘肃省特色药材规范化可追溯栽培工程技术研究中心 定西 748100
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31560175
国家自然科学基金项目31360317
甘肃省高校科研项目2017A-033
甘肃省大学生创新训练项目201810733232
甘肃农业大学SRTP项目20150802
甘肃农业大学SRTP项目20160802
甘肃农业大学SRTP项目20170924
甘肃省现代农业中药材产业体系首席专家项目GARS-ZYC-1
国家中药标准化项目ZYBZH-Y-GS-11
详细信息
作者简介:白刚, 主要从事药用植物生态生理研究。E-mail:baigang@gsau.edu.cn
通讯作者:郭凤霞, 主要从事药用植物生态生理研究, E-mail:guofx@gsau.edu.cn
陈垣, 主要从事药用植物栽培研究, E-mail:chenyuan@gsau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S156.4;S567.2计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-10-11
录用日期:2020-03-08
刊出日期:2020-05-01
Regulated effects of preceding crop on soil property and cultivating seedlings for Angelica sinensis on cultivated farmland
BAI Gang1,,GUO Fengxia1,,,
CHEN Yuan2, 3,,,
YUAN Hongchao1,
JIANG Xiaofeng1,
ZHEN Shiwei1
1. College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines/Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. Gansu Zhongtian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd/Gansu Engineering Lab of Resource Reservation and Utilization for Characteristic Medical Plants/Gansu Cultivated Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization and Traceability for Characteristic Chinese Medicine, Dingxi 748100, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31560175
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31360317
the Provincial Scientific Research Project for College and University of Gansu Province2017A-033
the Provincial Innovative Training Program for College Students of Gansu Province201810733232
the SRTP of Gansu Agricultural University20150802
the SRTP of Gansu Agricultural University20160802
the SRTP of Gansu Agricultural University20170924
the Project to Chief Expert of Modern Agricultural Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry System in Gansu ProvinceGARS-ZYC-1
the National Standardization Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of ChinaZYBZH-Y-GS-11
More Information
Corresponding author:GUO Fengxia, E-mail:guofx@gsau.edu.cn;CHEN Yuan, E-mail:chenyuan@gsau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:利用高寒草甸生荒地进行当归育苗的传统方式造成严重的水土流失。为了探讨农茬口调控土壤特性继而影响后茬当归育苗的效应，在道地产区甘肃省卓尼县熟地培育农作物茬口后进行当归育苗，测定育苗期土壤特性、成苗数和产量。结果表明，农茬口对后茬当归育苗田土壤特性具有显著影响，与休耕茬田比较，马铃薯、油菜、蚕豆茬田土壤电导率极显著降低，pH显著提高，青稞茬田土壤pH和电导率均降低，农茬口极显著提高了后茬土壤阳离子含量，降低了阴离子含量。各茬口土壤K+含量依次为青稞>蚕豆>油菜>马铃薯>休耕，Na+含量为马铃薯>青稞>蚕豆>油菜和休耕，Cl-含量为休耕>马铃薯>青稞>油菜>蚕豆。随土层加深，紧实度增加，孔隙度减少，含水量随土层和茬口而异。0~15 cm土层的土质疏松且含水量高则有利于保苗。当归成苗数和苗产量与土壤电导率、Cl-含量均呈显著负相关；苗产量与pH、K+含量呈显著正相关，与5~10 cm土层容重呈显著负相关；苗数与0~5 cm土层总孔隙度呈显著正相关。各茬口育成苗产量排序与综合评价指数顺序一致，综合评价指数依次为蚕豆（0.986）>油菜（0.682）>青稞（0.668）>马铃薯（0.297）>休耕（0.159）。因此，优异的茬口特性可优化当归幼苗赖以生存的农田土壤环境，改善土壤性质，富集营养，促生保苗，蚕豆茬口更为优异。
关键词:农茬口/
熟地/
当归/
育苗/
土壤特性
Abstract:The traditional nursery approach for Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedlings in wild alpine meadow causes serious soil erosion. In order to reveal how preceding crop regulates the soil property and affects the subsequent nursery outcome of A. sinensis seedlings, A. sinensis seedlings were cultivated in cultivated farmland with different preceding crops in Zhuoni County, Gansu Province. This region is a geo-authentic habitat for the medical plant. The soil characteristics and seedling yield were measured at the seedling cultivated stage, taking fallow as the control. The rotation crops had significant effects on soil characteristics in the subsequent field of A. sinensis seedlings. Compared with the fallow field, soil conductivity in fields with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), oil rape (Brassica campestris L.), and broad bean (Vicia faba L.) as preceding crops was significantly decreased. The soil pH was significantly increased, while the soil pH and conductivity in highland barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum Hook. f.) field were both decreased. Rotation with crop significantly increased soil cation and decreased anion contents. The K+ content in fields with different preceding crops was arranged as highland barley > broad beans > oilseed rape > potato > fallow. Na+ was arranged as potato > highland barley > broad bean > rape and fallow. Cl- was ranked as fallow > potato > highland barley > oil rape > broad bean. As the soil layer deepened, compactness increased and porosity decreased, while the water content varies with the soil layer and the preceding crop. Loose soil with high water content in 0-15 cm layer of soil was beneficial to seedling survival. Seedling numbers and yield were all significantly negatively correlated with soil conductivity and Cl- content. The seedling yield was positively significantly related to pH and K+ content, but was negatively significantly related to bulk density in the 5-10 cm soil layer. Seedling numbers were significantly positively correlated with total porosity in 0-5 cm soil. The ranking of seedling yield under each preceding crop was consistent with the comprehensive assessment index, and the index ranked as broad bean (0.986) > oilseed rape (0.682) > highland barley (0.668) > potato (0.297) > fallow (0.159). Therefore, optimal preceding crop could adequately optimize soil environment in which A. sinensis seedlings rely on. Concerning acquisition strategies, improving soil property, enriching nutrient ions, promoting growth and seedling surviving, broad bean stubble was markedly superior in regulation.
Key words:Preceding crop/
Cultivated farmland/
Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels/
Seedling culturing/
Soil property
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图1农茬口对当归育苗田土壤电导率和pH的影响
P:马铃薯茬口; OR:油菜茬口; HB:青稞茬口; BB:蚕豆茬口; F:休耕茬口。不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示处理间在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著。P: potato as the preceding crop; OR: oilseed as the preceding crop; HB: higher barley as the preceding crop; BB: broad bean as the preceding crop; F: fallow before planting. Different lowercase and capital letters mean significant differences at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.
Figure1.Effects of crops for rotation on soil electric conductivity and pH of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedling field
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2农茬口对熟地当归育苗田土壤离子含量和有机质含量的影响
P:马铃薯茬口; OR:油菜茬口; HB:青稞茬口; BB:蚕豆茬口; F:休耕茬口。不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示处理间在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著。P: potato as the preceding crop; OR: oilseed as the preceding crop; HB: higher barley as the preceding crop; BB: broad bean as the preceding crop; F: fallow before planting. Different lowercase and capital letters mean significant differences at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.
Figure2.Effects of crops for rotation on soil ions and organic matter contents of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedling field
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3农茬口对熟地当归育苗田0~20 cm各土层土壤物理性质的影响
P:马铃薯茬口; OR:油菜茬口; HB:青稞茬口; BB:蚕豆茬口; F:休耕茬口。同土层不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示处理间在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著。同层土壤茬口处理组中, 未标记大写字母表示在P > 0.01水平不显著。P: potato as the preceding crop; OR: oilseed as the preceding crop; HB: highland barley as the preceding crop; BB: broad bean as the preceding crop; F: fallow before planting. In the same soil layer, different lowercase and capital letters mean significant differences at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively. No capital letter means no significant difference at P > 0.01 in the same soil layer.
Figure3.Effects of crops for rotation on soil physical characteristics in different layers of 0–20 cm soil in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedling field
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1农茬口对熟地当归苗栽产出量的影响
Table1.Effects of crops for rotation on seedling output of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels
| 农作物茬口 Preceding crop | 成苗数 Seedling numbers (plants·m-2) | 苗产量 Seedling yield (g·m-2) | 单苗重 Single seedling weight (g) | ||
| 马铃薯茬Potato | 55±32bB | 20.36±8.37cB | 0.394±0.081aA | ||
| 油菜茬Oilseed rape | 150±39bAB | 45.32±4.72abAB | 0.313±0.060abA | ||
| 青稞茬Highland barley | 119±66bAB | 22.01±5.01bcB | 0.226±0.135bAB | ||
| 蚕豆茬Broad bean | 294±123aA | 71.12±31.84aA | 0.257±0.100abAB | ||
| 休耕茬Fallow | 109±44bAB | 5.56±2.16bcB | 0.060±0.036cB | ||
| F值F value | 4.229** | 8.140** | 6.829** | ||
| 最小显著差数法最低标准 Least significant difference minimum criterion | LSDdf=8, 0.05 | 142.643 | 29.357 | 0.154 | |
| LSDdf=8, 0.01 | 207.555 | 42.716 | 0.225 | ||
| 同列数字后不同小写和大写字母分别表示差异显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)。“**”表示方差分析差异性达极显著水平(P < 0.01), n=3. Different lowercase and capital letters in the same column mean significant differences at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. “**” means significance at P < 0.01 in variance analysis. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2当归种苗产量与农茬口土壤理化性质的相关分析(n=15)
Table2.Correlation analysis between soil physiochemical property and growth indicators of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedlings in rotation field
| 指标 Indicator | 电导率 Conductivity | pH | K+ | Cl- | Na+ | 有机质 Organic matters | 容重 Bulk density | 比重 Specific gravity | 总孔隙度 Total porosity | 含水量 Water content | 苗数 Seedling numbers | 苗产量 Seedling yield |
| pH | -0.576* | |||||||||||
| K+ | -0.721** | 0.006 | ||||||||||
| Cl- | 0.901** | -0.488 | -0.641** | |||||||||
| Na+ | 0.114 | -0.139 | 0.218 | 0.392 | ||||||||
| 有机质 Organic matter | -0.418 | -0.334 | 0.815** | -0.568* | -0.064 | |||||||
| 容重 Bulk density | 0.375 | 0.376 | -0.690** | 0.472 | -0.057 | -0.857** | ||||||
| 比重 Specific gravity | 0.397 | -0.014 | -0.425 | 0.436 | 0.147 | -0.500 | 0.470 | |||||
| 孔隙度 Total porosity | -0.054 | -0.402 | 0.384 | -0.292 | -0.372 | 0.716** | -0.682** | -0.242 | ||||
| 含水量 Water content | 0.200 | 0.084 | -0.347 | -0.080 | -0.439 | -0.116 | 0.093 | 0.415 | 0.229 | |||
| 苗数 Seedling numbers | -0.539* | 0.275 | 0.382 | -0.724** | -0.376 | 0.509 | -0.287 | -0.309 | 0.119 | 0.175 | ||
| 苗产量 Seedling yield | -0.783** | 0.542* | 0.560* | -0.848** | -0.282 | 0.427 | -0.209 | -0.269 | 0.034 | 0.188 | 0.796** | |
| 单苗重 Single seedling weigh | -0.477 | 0.540* | 0.396 | -0.203 | 0.383 | -0.089 | 0.058 | -0.052 | -0.168 | -0.197 | -0.265 | 0.297 |
| 以每个茬口的3个重复小区平均值进行相关分析(n=15)。**:相关极显著(P < 0.01); *:相关显著(P < 0.05)。The mean value of 3 replicate plots of each crop for rotation is used for correlation analysis (n = 15). **: significant relation at P < 0.01; *: significant relation at P < 0.05. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3当归种苗产量与农茬口各层土壤物理性质的相关分析(n=15)
Table3.Correlation analysis between soil physical property and growth indicators of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedlings in rotation field
| 土壤物理性质 Soil physical characteristics | 土层 Soil layer (cm) | 苗数 Seedling number | 苗产量 Seedling yield | 单苗重 Single seedling weight |
| 比重Specific gravity | 0~5 | -0.094 | -0.095 | 0.009 |
| 5~10 | 0.155 | 0.063 | -0.217 | |
| 10~15 | -0.261 | -0.374 | -0.426 | |
| 15~20 | -0.197 | 0.066 | 0.527* | |
| 容重Bulk density | 0~5 | -0.438 | -0.447 | -0.058 |
| 5~10 | -0.433 | -0.576* | -0.244 | |
| 10~15 | -0.310 | -0.355 | -0.122 | |
| 15~20 | 0.060 | 0.294 | 0.305 | |
| 总孔隙度Total porosity | 0~5 | 0.560* | 0.401 | -0.200 |
| 5~10 | 0.280 | 0.322 | 0.071 | |
| 10~15 | 0.195 | 0.190 | -0.077 | |
| 15~20 | -0.488 | -0.614* | -0.265 | |
| 含水量Water content | 0~5 | 0.327 | 0.259 | -0.326 |
| 5~10 | 0.021 | 0.203 | 0.031 | |
| 10~15 | 0.175 | 0.226 | -0.151 | |
| 15~20 | 0.122 | 0.043 | -0.258 | |
| 以每个茬口的3个重复小区平均值进行相关分析(n=15)。*:相关显著(P < 0.05)。The mean value of 3 replicate plots of each crop for rotation is used for correlation analysis (n = 15). *: significant relation at P < 0.05. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同农茬口熟地当归育苗田土壤特性与当归产苗量因子的主成分分析
Table4.Principal component analysis based on soil properties and seedling indicators of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels with different preceding crops
| 指标 Indicator | 主成分 Principal component | 权重值 Weight value | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 电导率Conductivity | -0.848 | -0.422 | 0.163 | -0.006 | 0.101 |
| pH | 0.242 | 0.912 | 0.059 | 0.023 | 0.067 |
| K+ | 0.838 | -0.138 | -0.438 | 0.164 | 0.100 |
| Cl- | -0.925 | -0.254 | -0.187 | -0.010 | 0.101 |
| Na+ | -0.223 | -0.015 | -0.819 | 0.164 | 0.054 |
| 有机质Organic matter | 0.802 | -0.555 | -0.061 | 0.060 | 0.100 |
| 容重Bulk density | -0.678 | 0.611 | 0.158 | -0.145 | 0.097 |
| 比重Specific gravity | -0.578 | 0.185 | 0.204 | 0.548 | 0.077 |
| 总孔隙度Total porosity | 0.441 | -0.683 | 0.234 | 0.348 | 0.086 |
| 含水量Water content | -0.078 | 0.062 | 0.770 | 0.536 | 0.049 |
| 苗数Seedling number | 0.713 | 0.136 | 0.447 | -0.278 | 0.091 |
| 苗产量Seedling yield | 0.802 | 0.452 | 0.214 | 0.055 | 0.101 |
| 单苗重Single seedling weight | 0.208 | 0.537 | -0.595 | 0.442 | 0.074 |
| 特征值Eigen value | 5.216 | 2.789 | 2.245 | 1.064 | |
| 贡献率Contribution rate (%) | 40.122 | 21.456 | 17.273 | 8.184 | |
| 累计贡献率Cumulative Contribution rate (%) | 40.122 | 61.578 | 78.850 | 87.035 | |
下载: 导出CSV表5不同作物茬口当归栽培田土壤特性与产量因子的隶属度值及综合评价指数
Table5.Memberships and comprehensive index of soil property and yield factors of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels with different preceding crops
| 指标 Indicator | 马铃薯茬 Potato as preceding crop | 油菜茬 Oilseed rape as preceding crop | 青稞茬 Highland barley as preceding crop | 蚕豆茬 Broad bean as preceding crop | 休耕茬 Fallow before planting |
| 电导率Conductivity | 0.482 | 1.000 | 0.601 | 0.951 | 0 |
| pH | 0.823 | 1.000 | 0 | 0.922 | 0.314 |
| K+ | 0.521 | 0.562 | 1.000 | 0.938 | 0 |
| Cl- | 0.065 | 0.785 | 0.402 | 1.000 | 0 |
| Na+ | 0 | 1.000 | 0.400 | 0.900 | 1.000 |
| 有机质Organic matter | 0 | 0.216 | 1.000 | 0.905 | 0.108 |
| 含水量Water content | 0 | 0.345 | 1.000 | 0.652 | 0.120 |
| 总孔隙度Total porosity | 0.208 | 0.539 | 0.812 | 1.000 | 0 |
| 比重Specific gravity | 0 | 0.397 | 1.000 | 0.776 | 0.579 |
| 容重Bulk density | 0 | 0.397 | 0.267 | 1.000 | 0.227 |
| 苗数Seedling numbers | 0.226 | 0.606 | 0.251 | 1.000 | 0 |
| 苗产量Seedling yield | 0.226 | 0.606 | 0.251 | 1.000 | 0 |
| 单苗重Single seedling weight | 1.000 | 0.759 | 0.496 | 0.590 | 0 |
| 综合评价指数Comprehensive evaluation index | 0.297 | 0.682 | 0.668 | 0.986 | 0.159 |
| 排序Rank | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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