熊桂云1,,,
吴茂前1,
范先鹏1,
冯婷婷1,
巴瑞先1,
段申荣2
1.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/湖北省农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站/农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室/农业环境治理湖北省工程研究中心 武汉 430064
2.湖北省宜昌市兴山县古夫镇农业技术服务中心 宜昌 443799
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300902
湖北省农业科学院重大专项项目2017CGPY03
详细信息
作者简介:张志毅, 研究方向为土壤培肥及重金属修复。E-mail:zzyouxin@163.com
通讯作者:熊桂云, 研究方向为农业面源污染防控及作物平衡施肥技术研究与推广。E-mail:xionggy@sina.com
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-08-21
录用日期:2019-11-28
刊出日期:2020-03-01
Effects of organic fertilization and tillage method on soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions in a wheat-rice system
ZHANG Zhiyi1,,XIONG Guiyun1,,,
WU Maoqian1,
FAN Xianpeng1,
FENG Tingting1,
BA Ruixian1,
DUAN Shenrong2
1. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control/Qianjiang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China/Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Environmental Control, Wuhan 430064, China
2. Agricultural Technology Service Center of Gufu Town, Xingshan County, Yichang City, Hubei Province, Yichang 443799, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0300902
the Major Special Projects of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences2017CGPY03
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Corresponding author:XIONG Guiyun, E-mail: xionggy@sina.com
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摘要
摘要:为了明确不同外源有机物和耕作方式对土壤地力培育的影响，以水稻-小麦轮作系统为对象，通过2个年度（2016-2018年）大田试验研究了外源有机物（秸秆和有机肥）和耕作方式及其交互作用[稻麦秸秆还田配合旋耕（SR），稻麦秸秆还田配合翻耕（SP），秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合旋耕（MR），秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合翻耕（MP），秸秆不还田、不施用有机肥、旋耕深度15 cm（CKR）]对土壤团聚体和有机碳组成的短期影响。结果表明：SR处理能够降低水稻季土壤容重并增加总孔隙度。相比CKR，小麦季SR处理显著增加>0.05 mm水稳性团聚体含量，增加量为7.2%。此外，外源有机物和耕作对土壤有机碳活性组分具有显著影响。其中，易氧化有机碳（EOC）主要受耕作与有机物交互作用影响，酸水解有机碳（LPIc和LPIIc）主要受耕作措施的影响，SR处理的土壤EOC和LPIc含量比CKR提高0.3~2.6 g·kg-1。颗粒有机碳（POC）主要受外源有机物的影响，并且秸秆还田处理POC平均含量高于增施有机肥处理，增加量为0.75 g·kg-1。短期内，外源有机物和耕作及其交互作用对稳定性有机碳（黑碳和矿物结合态有机碳）的影响较小。综上，秸秆还田配合旋耕有助于提高土壤水稳性团聚体和活性有机碳的含量（EOC、LPIc和POC）。
关键词:水稻-小麦轮作/
秸秆还田/
耕作措施/
土壤团聚体/
活性有机碳/
稳定性有机碳
Abstract:In order to clarify the effect of different exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on soil fertility, with the rice and wheat rotation system as the study object, a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the short-term effects of different exogenous organic materials, tillage methods, and their interactions on soil aggregate and organic carbon composition. The results revealed that straw returning with rotary tillage method could decrease soil bulk density and increase total porosity. Compared with non-straw-returning treatment (CKR), the >0.05-mm water-stable aggregate content with straw-returning treatment under rotary tillage (SR) significantly increased (7.2%) in the wheat growing season. In addition, exogenous organic matter and tillage methods had significant effects on soil active organic carbon. Among them, easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) was significantly affected by the interaction of exogenous organic materials and tillage method, and the acid-hydrolyzed organic carbon (LPIc and LPIIc) was significantly affected by the tillage method. Compared with CKR treatment, the concentration of EOC and LPIc with straw-returning treatment under rotary tillage increased by 0.3-2.6 g·kg-1. The content of particulate organic carbon (POC) was significantly affected by exogenous organic materials, and the average POC content with straw-returning treatments was higher than that with organic fertilizer application treatments (increased by 0.75 g·kg-1). In the short term, exogenous organic materials, tillage methods, and their interactions had negligible effect on the stability of organic carbon (black carbon and mineral-bonded organic carbon). In conclusion, straw returning combined with rotary tillage could improve the content of soil water-stable aggregates and active organic carbon (EOC, LPIc, and POC).
Key words:Wheat-rice system/
Straw returning/
Tillage method/
Soil aggregates/
Active organic carbon/
Stable organic carbon
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图1外源有机物和耕作方式对稻麦轮作系统作物收获后土壤团聚体分布特征的影响
CKR:秸秆不还田、不施有机肥, 旋耕; SR:秸秆旋耕还田; SP:秸秆翻耕还田; MR:增施有机肥, 旋耕; MP:增施有机肥, 翻耕。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Effects of exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on distribution characteristic of soil aggregates after crop harvest of rice-wheat rotation system
CKR: rotary tillage without straw returning and organic fertilizer application; SR: rotary tillage with straw returning; SP: ploughing with straw returning; MR: rotary tillage with organic fertilizer application; MP: ploughing with organic fertilizer application. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图22017年和2018年外源有机物和耕作方式对稻麦轮作系统作物产量的影响
CKR:秸秆不还田、不施有机肥, 旋耕; SR:秸秆旋耕还田; SP:秸秆翻耕还田; MR:增施有机肥, 旋耕; MP:增施有机肥, 翻耕。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure2.Effects of exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on grain yield of rice-wheat rotation system in 2017 and 2018
CKR: rotary tillage without straw returning and organic fertilizer application; SR: rotary tillage with straw returning; SP: ploughing with straw returning; MR: rotary tillage with organic fertilizer application; MP: ploughing with organic fertilizer application. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1外源有机物和耕作方式对稻麦轮作系统作物收获后土壤容重和孔隙度的影响
Table1.Effects of exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on soil bulk density and porosity after crop harvest of rice-wheat rotation system
| 作物季 Corp season | 处理 Treatment | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm?3) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity (%) | 毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity (%) |
| 小麦季 Wheat season | CKR | 1.15±0.02a | 56.73±0.91a | 53.77±1.08ab |
| SR | 1.11±0.02a | 57.93±0.68a | 59.50±2.48a | |
| SP | 1.07±0.04a | 59.53±1.50a | 54.85±0.07ab | |
| MR | 1.10±0.10a | 58.40±3.63a | 54.46±2.42ab | |
| MP | 1.10±0.10a | 58.56±3.81a | 51.98±0.46b | |
| 水稻季 Rice season | CKR | 1.23±0.01a | 53.67±0.39b | 46.66±1.18a |
| SR | 1.14±0.03b | 57.13±1.24a | 49.31±0.06a | |
| SP | 1.24±0.01a | 53.04±0.34b | 46.84±2.35a | |
| MR | 1.23±0.01a | 53.48±0.54b | 47.74±0.51a | |
| MP | 1.30±0.02a | 50.95±0.70b | 45.79±0.91a | |
| CKR:秸秆不还田、不施有机肥, 旋耕; SR:秸秆旋耕还田; SP:秸秆翻耕还田; MR:增施有机肥, 旋耕; MP:增施有机肥, 翻耕。同列同作物季不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CKR: rotary tillage without straw returning and organic fertilizer application; SR: rotary tillage with straw returning; SP: ploughing with straw returning; MR: rotary tillage with organic fertilizer application; MP: ploughing with organic fertilizer application. Different lowercase letters in the same column for the same crop season mean significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表2外源有机物和耕作方式对稻麦轮作系统土壤有机碳活性组分的影响
Table2.Effects of exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on active components of soil organic carbon of rice-wheat rotation system
| 处理 Treatment | DOC (mg·kg?1) | EOC (g·kg?1) | LPⅠc (g·kg?1) | LPⅡc (g·kg?1) | HClc (g·kg?1) | POC (g·kg?1) |
| CKR | 89.1±4.3b | 1.4±0.1b | 7.9±0.4b | 1.7±0.0b | 5.1±0.9a | 4.4±0.4b |
| SR | 107.7±7.3ab | 1.7±0.1a | 10.5±1.8a | 2.9±0.0a | 5.6±0.0a | 5.4±0.5a |
| SP | 93.9±8.8ab | 1.5±0.1a | 8.0±0.2b | 3.4±0.2a | 5.5±0.3a | 4.9±0.1ab |
| MR | 97.4±1.6ab | 1.3±0.0b | 8.7±0.6ab | 3.0±0.1a | 5.5±0.5a | 4.3±0.2b |
| MP | 112.1±8.6a | 1.6±0.0a | 8.5±0.3b | 3.1±0.0a | 6.2±0.4a | 4.5±1.7b |
| CKR:秸秆不还田、不施有机肥, 旋耕; SR:秸秆旋耕还田; SP:秸秆翻耕还田; MR:增施有机肥, 旋耕; MP:增施有机肥, 翻耕。DOC:水溶性有机碳; EOC: 333 mmol·L-1 KMnO4提取的有机碳; LPⅠc: 2.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4提取的有机碳; LPⅡc: 1 mol·L-1 H2SO4提取的有机碳; HClc: 6 mol·L-1 HCl提取的有机碳; POC:颗粒有机碳。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CKR: rotary tillage without straw returning and organic fertilizer application; SR: rotary tillage with straw returning; SP: ploughing with straw returning; MR: rotary tillage with organic fertilizer application; MP: ploughing with organic fertilizer application. DOC: dissolve organic carbon; EOC: organic carbon extracted by 333 mmol·L-1 KMnO4; LPⅠc: organic carbon extracted by 2.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4; LPⅡc: organic carbon extracted by 1 mol·L-1 H2SO4; HClc: organic carbon extracted by 6 mol·L-1 HCl; POC: particulate organic carbon. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3外源有机物和耕作方式对稻麦轮作系统土壤有机碳组分及其稳定性的影响
Table3.Effects of exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on components and stability of soil organic carbon of rice-wheat rotation system
| 处理Treatment | SOC (g·kg?1) | BC (g·kg?1) | MOC (g·kg?1) | BC/SOC | MOC/SOC |
| CKR | 12.6±1.0b | 5.0±0.0b | 4.4±0.2b | 0.38 | 0.31 |
| SR | 14.2±0.1ab | 5.4±0.1ab | 4.6±0.0ab | 0.38 | 0.32 |
| SP | 13.4±1.5ab | 5.4±0.1ab | 4.8±0.1ab | 0.40 | 0.36 |
| MR | 13.3±1.1ab | 5.5±0.1ab | 5.1±0.1a | 0.41 | 0.38 |
| MP | 13.5±1.1ab | 5.8±0.1a | 5.0±0.1ab | 0.43 | 0.37 |
| CKR:秸秆不还田、不施有机肥, 旋耕; SR:秸秆旋耕还田; SP:秸秆翻耕还田; MR:增施有机肥, 旋耕; MP:增施有机肥, 翻耕。SOC:总有机碳; BC:黑碳; MOC:矿物结合态有机碳。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CKR: rotary tillage without straw returning and organic fertilizer application; SR: rotary tillage with straw returning; SP: ploughing with straw returning; MR: rotary tillage with organic fertilizer application; MP: ploughing with organic fertilizer application. SOC: total organic carbon; BC: black carbon; MOC: mineral-bonded organic carbon. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表4耕作因素、有机物及其交互效应对稻麦轮作系统土壤团聚体的作用力
Table4.Affecting forces of tillage methods, organic materials and their interaction on soil aggregates of rice-wheat rotation system ?
| 差异来源 Difference source | 土壤团聚体粒径Soil aggregates size (mm) | |||
| > 2 | 0.25~2 | 0.05~0.25 | < 0.05 | |
| 区组Block | 6.3 | 19.8 | 8.0 | 7.4 |
| 耕作Tillage | 0.2 | 9.3 | 2.1 | 16.3 |
| 有机物Organic materials | 36.4 | 5.0 | 9.6 | 4.1 |
| 耕作×有机物Tillage × organic materials | 1.4 | 33.1* | 64.5* | 0.2 |
| 误差Error | 55.6 | 33.0 | 15.8 | 72.0 |
| *表示影响显著(P < 0.05)。* means significant effect at P < 0.05 level. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表5耕作因素、有机物及其交互效应对稻麦轮作系统土壤有机碳组分的作用力
Table5.Affecting forces of tillage methods and organic materials and their interaction on soil organic carbon fractions of rice-wheat rotation system ?
| 差异来源 Difference source | 有机碳组分Fraction of soil organic carbon | ||||||||
| DOC | EOC | LPⅠc | LPⅡc | HClc | POC | SOC | BC | MOC | |
| 区组Block | 18.4 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 21.5 | 20.4 | 25.3 | 9.1 | 7.4 | 21.1 |
| 耕作Tillage | 0.0 | 23.4 | 27.7 | 26.6* | 6.5 | 1.8 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 3.5 |
| 有机物Organic materials | 2.7 | 0.1 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 10.2 | 40.5* | 14.5 | 15.0 | 32.1 |
| 耕作×有机物Tillage × organic materials | 36.4 | 53.0 | 20.6 | 22.8* | 12.6 | 9.6 | 25.0 | 4.5 | 6.4 |
| 误差Error | 42.4 | 24.0 | 41.0 | 25.6 | 50.2 | 22.9 | 45.3 | 67.7 | 36.9 |
| DOC:水溶性有机碳; EOC: 333 mmol·L-1 KMnO4提取的有机碳; LPⅠc: 2.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4提取的有机碳; LPⅡc: 1 mol·L-1 H2SO4提取的有机碳; HClc: 6 mol·L-1 HCl提取的有机碳; POC:颗粒有机碳; SOC:总有机碳; BC:黑碳; MOC:矿物结合态有机碳。*表示影响显著(P < 0.05)。DOC: dissolve organic carbon; EOC: organic carbon extracted by 333 mmol·L-1 KMnO4; LPⅠc: organic carbon extracted by 2.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4; LPⅡc: organic carbon extracted by 1 mol·L-1 H2SO4; HClc: organic carbon extracted by 6 mol·L-1 HCl; POC: particulate organic carbon; SOC: total organic carbon; BC: black carbon; MOC: mineral-bonded organic carbon. * means significant effect at P < 0.05 level. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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