黄坚雄^{1, 2, 3,},
潘剑^{1, 3},
周立军^{1, 2},
袁淑娜^{1, 3, 4},
林位夫¹
1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 海口 571101
2.中国热带农业科学院林下资源综合利用研究中心 海口 571101
3.农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站 儋州 571737
4.省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室 海口 571101
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目31701388
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目CARS-34-YZ4

详细信息

作者简介:黄坚雄, 主要从事橡胶林下间作技术与理论方面的研究。E-mail:lmc172@163.com

中图分类号:S59

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-12-06
录用日期:2020-01-31
刊出日期:2020-05-01

Effect of light deficiency on productivity of intercrops in rubber-crop agroforestry system

HUANG Jianxiong^{1, 2, 3,},
PAN Jian^{1, 3},
ZHOU Lijun^{1, 2},
YUAN Shuna^{1, 3, 4},
LIN Weifu¹
1. Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
2. Research Center for Utilization of Under-forest Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
3. Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou 571737, China
4. State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31701388
the Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture of ChinaCARS-34-YZ4



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摘要
摘要:为探明农林复合系统中光照亏缺对不同间作作物生产力的影响，以橡胶-豆薯和橡胶-花生农林复合模式为研究对象，测定光照强度、作物生物量、光合生理等指标，研究光照亏缺对不同喜光间作作物生产力的影响及可能的影响因素。结果表明，复合系统中间作区域的光照强度日变化呈单峰型，间作区域平均光照强度为裸地对照的51.3%~59.0%。间作作物的产量显著低于相应单作处理（P < 0.05）；间作豆薯产量可达22.9 t·hm^-2，为单作处理的85.3%；而间作花生产量仅为单作处理的39.2%。光照亏缺环境对间作豆薯和花生不同位置叶片的RuBisCO活性没有显著影响，但显著提高叶绿素（特别是叶绿素b）含量，降低类胡萝卜素含量（P < 0.05），其光合能力亦低于相应单作处理。复合系统中间作豆薯叶面积高于单作豆薯，而间作花生叶面积则较单作花生显著降低59.1%~88.4%（P < 0.05）。综上所述，豆薯比花生更适合在橡胶-作物农林复合系统中进行间作，间作豆薯应该是通过维持较高的叶面积来捕获光能并制造更多的光合产物，从而维持相对较高的生产力。
关键词:农林复合模式/
橡胶林/
间作作物/
光照亏缺/
生物量/
光竞争/
光合生理/
叶面积
Abstract:The objective of current study was to reveal the effect of light deficiency on the productivity of different intercrops in an agroforestry system. Based on rubber-yam bean and rubber-peanut agroforestry systems, the light intensity, crop biomass, photosynthetic physiology, and other parameters were determined to investigate the effect of light deficiency on the productivity of different sun-like intercrops and potential influencing factors. The daily light intensity was unimodal in the intercropped area in the agroforestry system. The average light intensity accounted for 51.3%-59.0% of bare land control. Yield of the intercrops was significantly lower than the yield of monocultural treatments (P < 0.05). However, the yield of intercropped yam bean was 22.9 t·hm^-2 and reached 85.3% of the yield of monocultural yam beam, while intercropped peanut was only 39.2% that of monocultural peanut. There was no significant effect of light deficiency on ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity of intercropped yam bean and peanut in different sites. However, the contents of chlorophyll (especially chlorophyll b) of intercropped yam bean and peanut were significantly increased, and the content of carotenoid was significantly reduced compared to monocultural treatments (P < 0.05). Their photosynthesis rate also was decreased compared to monocultural treatments. Nevertheless, the leaf area of intercropped yam bean in the agroforestry system was higher than monocultural yam bean, while that of the intercropped peanut was significantly reduced by 59.1%-88.4% (P < 0.05). The results conclusively indicate that yam bean is more suitable than peanut as an intercrop in the rubber-based agroforestry system. Intercropped yam bean could maintain relatively higher productivity, probably due to increased photosynthesis, by increasing leaf area to capture light.
Key words:Agroforestry system/
Rubber forest/
Intercrop/
Light deficiency/
Biomass/
Light competition/
Photosynthetic physiology/
Leaf area

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图1农林复合系统种植与观测位置(E、M和W)示意图
Figure1.Schematic diagram of planting of agroforestry and observation sites (E, M and E)


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图2不同处理及不同位置豆薯(A, C, E, G)和花生(B, D, F, H)的产量和生物量差异
CK指单作, I指间作, E、M和W分别指间作小区的东、中和西行。不同小写字母表示各处理间(行间)差异显著(P < 0.05), n=3.
Figure2.Yields and biomasses of yam bean (A, C, E, G) and peanut (B, D, F, H) in different sites under different treatments
"CK" is the monocultured crop. "I" means intercropping. "E" "M" and "W" mean the intercropped crop in the east edge row, middle row and west edge row of the intercropped plot, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. n = 3.


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图3与橡胶间作的花生不同观测位置(东边行, E; 中间行, M; 西边行, W)和单作花生(CK)的光照强度日变化
Figure3.Daily light intensities in different observation sites (east edge row, E; middle row, M; west edge row, W) of peanut intercropped with rubbed and monocultured (CK)


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图4与橡胶间作的豆薯(A)和花生(B)不同观测位置(东边行, E; 中间行, M; 西边行, W)和相应的单作(CK)的光响应曲线
Figure4.Light response curves in different observation sites (east edge row, E; middle row, M; west edge row, W) of yam bean (A) and peanut (B) intercropped with rubber and the corresponding monocultures (CK)


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图5不同处理不同生育时期不同位置间作豆薯光合色素含量(A:叶绿素a; B:叶绿素b; C:总叶绿素; D:类胡萝卜素)
CK:单作豆薯; E、M和W分别指间作小区中东、中和西行的豆薯。不同小写字母表示各处理间(行间)差异显著(P < 0.05), n=3.
Figure5.Content s of chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B), chlorophyll (C) and carotin (D) of yam bean in different observation sites at different growing stages of intercropping and monoculturing systems
"CK" is monocultured yam bean. "E" "M" and "W" mean the intercropped yam peanut in the east edge row, middle row and west edge row of the intercropped plot, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. n = 3.


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图6不同处理不同生育时期不同位置间作花生光合色素含量(A:叶绿素a; B:叶绿素b; C总叶绿素; D:类胡萝卜素)
CK:单作花生; E、M和W分别指间作小区中东、中和西行的花生。不同小写字母表示各处理间(行间)差异显著(P < 0.05), n=3.
Figure6.Contents of chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B), chlorophyll (C) and carotin (D) of peanut in different observation sites at different growing stages of intercropping and monoculturing systems
"CK" is monocultured peanut. "E" "M" and "W" mean the intercropped peanut in the east edge row, middle row and west edge row of the intercropped plot, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. n = 3.


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图7与橡胶间作的豆薯和花生不同观测位置(东边行, E; 中间行, M; 西边行, W)和相应单作(CK)的叶面积(A)和RuBisCO活性(B)
不同小写字母表示各处理间(行间)差异显著(P < 0.05), n=3.
Figure7.Leaf areas (A) and RuBisCO activities (B) in different observation sites (east edge row, E; middle row, M; west edge row, W) of yam bean and peanut intercropped with rubber and monocultured
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. n=3.


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表1橡胶-作物间作和作物单作试验地的土壤肥力
Table1.Soil fertilities in rubber-crop intercropping and crop monoculturing experimental sites

试验地点 Site	土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg–1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg–1)	pH	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg–1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg–1)
间作地?Intercropping field	12.2	0.4	4.5	31.5	56.4
单作地?Monoculturing field	12.4	0.4	4.6	13.0	64.6

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