刘本生1,
许俊香1,
李吉进1,
郎乾乾1,
乔玉辉2,
孙钦平1,,
1.北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所 北京 100097
2.北京市生物多样性与有机农业重点实验室/中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
基金项目: 北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项KJCX20180708
北京市农林科学院青年科研基金项目QNJJ202004
北京市优秀人才-青年骨干个人项目2016000020060G128
奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目BAIC06-2020
北京市生物多样性与有机农业重点实验室开放课题BOF201906
国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0800602
国家重点研发计划项目2018YFD0800106-04
详细信息
作者简介:李钰飞, 主要研究方向为土壤生态学。E-mail:liyf15@163.com
通讯作者:孙钦平, 主要研究方向为有机废弃物循环利用与植物营养。E-mail:sunqp@126.com
中图分类号:S436.412计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-02-18
录用日期:2020-03-27
刊出日期:2020-08-01
Effects of soil flooding of biogas slurry on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and soil nematode community
LI Yufei1,,LIU Bensheng1,
XU Junxiang1,
LI Jijin1,
LANG Qianqian1,
QIAO Yuhui2,
SUN Qinping1,,
1. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Organic Farming/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the Special Project for Building Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesKJCX20180708
the Youth Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesQNJJ202004
Beijing Excellent Talents Project2016000020060G128
Beijing Innovation Team of Technology System in Dairy IndustryBAIC06-2020
Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic FarmingBOF201906
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0800602
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2018YFD0800106-04
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Corresponding author:SUN Qinping, E-mail:sunqp@126.com
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摘要
摘要:为探索沼液抑制根结线虫的效果，本研究通过盆栽试验，以番茄为试供作物，对比了种植前沼液淹没土壤（BSS）、种植期间浇灌沼液（BS）和加热（HE）3种方法对根结线虫的防控效果。结果表明，与不采取任何措施的对照（CK）处理相比，BSS处理抑制根结线虫效果最为明显，防效高达97.1%，根结指数分别比HE和BS处理降低96.9%和92.9%。HE处理尽管在处理土壤后显著降低了根结线虫数量，但在最后破坏性取样时（结束试验）出现反弹，根结线虫数量甚至高于CK处理。对于土壤线虫群落，CK处理中以植食性线虫为主（81.8%）；两个沼液处理中食细菌线虫占优势（平均78.3%），且其中的杂食捕食性线虫在土壤前处理后消失，在试验结束时又重新出现，但所占比例依然非常低。沼液淹水方式的高效防控效果揭示了利用沼液防控根结线虫的关键期在于线虫入侵到植物根部之前的幼虫期。然而，在盆栽系统中，沼液淹水的方式也对作物生长表现出了一定的抑制趋势。高量沼液施用防控病害的同时引发的植物毒害作用以及环境污染风险，需要进一步开展田间研究。
关键词:根结线虫/
沼液/
淹水/
土壤线虫群落/
土壤食物网
Abstract:Root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) cause soil-borne diseases in food crops, and can lead to a huge crop damage worldwide. It has been demonstrated that application of biogas slurry during planting is an effective method to control diseases caused by RKN. We explored the inhibition effect of biogas slurry on RKN by a soil flooding method to provide scientific basis for a new idea to prevent and control soil-borne diseases. A pot experiment was conducted using soil infected with RKN from a vegetable greenhouse. Four treatments were set: 1) biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period (BS), with an application rate of NH4+ 50 mg·kg-1; 2) soil was pretreated by flooding with 70% biogas slurry twice before planting (BSS); 3) soil was covered with mulching films and heated to 45 ℃ (HE) to simulate a conventional smothering process and, 4) soil was untreated (CK). The most obvious inhibition of RKN was BSS treatment, with a control effect of 97.1%. The root-knot index in BSS treatment decreased by 96.9% and 92.9%, respectively, compared with that of HE and BS. However, this method showed a small trend of inhibiting crop growth. Although HE significantly reduced the number of RKN compared with CK, the RKN number rebounded at the later stage (60 d after treatment), and even was higher than that of CK. Taken together, the proportion of herbivores nematode was the highest in CK (mean 81.8%), while bacterivores dominated in the two biogas slurry treatments, BS and BSS (mean 78.3%). Omnivores and carnivores nematode disappeared in soil flooded with biogas slurry, although they reappeared at the destructive sampling period, the relative abundance was still very low. In the pot system, soil flooding with biogas slurry before planting significantly improved the inhibition effect on RKN compared with the application of biogas slurry during planting. This result revealed that the critical period of using biogas slurry to prevent and control RKN is at the larval stage: that is, before nematodes invade plant roots. Further studies are needed under field conditions to study the toxic effects of biogas slurry flooding in plants, and the potential risk of environmental pollution.
Key words:Root-knot nematode/
Biogas slurry/
Soil flooding/
Soil nematode community/
Soil food web
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图1不同沼液利用方式对植株生长的影响
CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Effects of different utilization methods of biogas slurry on plant growth
CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
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图2不同沼液利用方式下根结线虫防效比较
CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。
Figure2.Root-knot index and control efficiency of different utilization methods of biogas slurry
CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3不同沼液利用方式对线虫总数、根结线虫数量和比例的影响
CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure3.Effects of different utilization methods of biogas slurry on the nematode abundance, root-knot nematode abundance, and proportion of root-knot nematode
CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同沼液利用方式对线虫多样性指标的影响
CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure4.Effects of different utilization methods of biogas slurry on nematode diversity indices
CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5不同沼液利用方式土壤线虫各营养类群相对丰度
CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。
Figure5.Relative abundance of nematode trophic groups of soil under different utilization methods of biogas slurry
CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图6土壤前处理后(A)和试验结束时(B)线虫群落PCA分析
CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。
Figure6.Principal component analysis for nematode communities after soil pretreatment (A) and at the end of the test (B)
CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同沼液利用方式对土壤理化性状的影响
Table1.Effects of different utilization methods of biogas slurry on soil physical and chemical properties
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS·cm-1) | 有效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) |
| CK | 7.2±0.04a | 198.6±26.0c | 601.6±2.7b | 859.4±27.1b | 46.6±0.5a | 2.89±0.08a |
| HE | 7.0±0.05a | 322.5±19.4b | 598.8±4.0b | 1 493.5±302.0a | 47.5±0.9a | 2.87±0.09a |
| BSS | 6.4±0.03c | 1 049.3±49.6a | 634.3±2.0a | 2 032.8±12.6a | 47.2±0.4a | 3.01±0.07a |
| BS | 6.9±0.09b | 252.2±18.0bc | 570.8±8.2c | 847.1±17.0b | 46.6±0.2a | 3.08±0.23a |
| CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was flooded with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period. Different lowercase letters in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同沼液利用方式对土壤线虫群落组成的影响
Table2.Effects of different utilization methods of biogas slurry on soil nematode communities composition ?
| 营养类群 Trophic group | 线虫属 Genus | 土壤前处理后After soil pretreatment | 试验结束时At the end of the test | ||||||
| CK | HE | BSS | CK | HE | BSS | BS | |||
| 食细菌线虫 Bacterivores | 原杆属Protorhabditis | 5.8 | 33.9 | 67.2 | 0.2 | 9.1 | 12.1 | ||
| 小杆属Rhabditis | 2.4 | 0.7 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 11.5 | 23.5 | ||
| 拟杆属Rhabditoides | 0.2 | ||||||||
| 三等齿属Peladera | 0.2 | ||||||||
| 盆咽属Panagrolaimus | 0.2 | 3.5 | |||||||
| 丽突属Acrobeles | 0.2 | 0.5 | |||||||
| 板唇属Chiloplacus | 2.4 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 1.2 | |||
| 拟丽突属Acrobeloides | 0.7 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 8.6 | 19.4 | 51.6 | 18.1 | ||
| 头叶属Cephalobus | 1.0 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 14.2 | 11.9 | ||||
| 棱咽属Prismatolaimus | 0.2 | ||||||||
| 食真菌线虫Fungivores | 滑刃属Aphelenchoides | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | |||||
| 植食性线虫 Herbivores | 根结属Meloidogyne | 87.4 | 62.1 | 24.2 | 76.2 | 69.4 | 8.3 | 28.1 | |
| 巴兹尔属Basiria | 1.8 | 0.3 | |||||||
| 短体属Pratylenchus | 0.5 | ||||||||
| 杂食捕食性线虫 Omnivore-Carnivores | 真矛线属Eudorylaimus | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| 孔咽属Aporcelaimus | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.8 | ||||||
| CK:对照; HE:加热; BSS:沼液淹水; BS:沼液常规施用。CK: control; HE: soil was heated to 45 ℃; BSS: soil was pretreated by flooding with biogas slurry before planting; BS: biogas slurry was routinely applied to soil three times during the planting period. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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