杨恒山1,
邰继承1,
高聚林2,
李媛媛1
1.内蒙古民族大学农学院/内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心 通辽 028042
2.内蒙古农业大学 呼和浩特 010018
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2017YFD0300805
国家自然科学基金项目31960383
内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目2018MS03059
详细信息
作者简介:萨如拉, 主要从事资源高效利用研究。E-mail:625968785@qq.com
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-12-20
录用日期:2020-02-10
刊出日期:2020-07-01
Effect of straw maturing agents on fungal diversity in soil with different textures under returned straw conditions
SARULA1,,,YANG Hengshan1,
TAI Jicheng1,
GAO Julin2,
LI Yuanyuan1
1. Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities/Engineering Research Center of Feed Crops in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028042, China
2. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2017YFD0300805
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31960383
the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia2018MS03059
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Corresponding author:SARULA, E-mail: 625968785@qq.com
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摘要
摘要:为因地制宜鉴选适宜的秸秆腐熟剂，在西辽河平原灌区选择秸秆还田的砂壤土和中壤土连作玉米地，分别配施中农绿康腐熟剂、人元腐熟剂和农富康腐熟剂（简称中农、人元、农富康），以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂为对照，在玉米吐丝期取0~15 cm、15~30 cm、30~45 cm土层样品，采用高通量测序技术，研究不同质地土壤秸秆还田配施腐熟剂情况下土壤真菌群落结构的多样性。结果表明，砂壤土秸秆还田配施腐熟剂处理特有OTU（operational taxonomic units）数均比对照多，中壤土则相反。所有处理土壤中被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）相对丰度较高；优势属均为被孢霉属（Mortierella）和低温酵母（Guehomyces）。不同腐熟剂对土壤质地产生不同影响，中壤土秸秆还田配施中农和农富康对土壤真菌组成及丰度无显著影响，而配施人元显著改变中壤土真菌组成及丰度；砂壤土秸秆还田配施中农和人元显著增加土壤真菌组成及丰度。LEfSe分析可知，砂壤土秸秆还田配施中农、中壤土秸秆还田配施人元和农富康3个处理土壤真菌多样性存在差异，对真菌多样性差异发挥显著性作用的门为担子菌门、子囊菌门，纲为伞菌纲（Agaricomycetes），目为腔菌目（Pleosporales）和伞菌目（Agaricales），种为Mortierella fimbricystis。这种响应差异也体现在同一腐熟剂对中壤土和砂壤土不同土层真菌的影响；随土层的下移，砂壤土和中壤土对照中被孢霉属相对丰度先增加后下降，低温酵母相对丰度下降；施用腐熟剂后（中壤土农富康除外），深层土壤低温酵母相对丰度比表层土壤高。砂壤土秸秆还田配施中农后0~15 cm土层中上述2个优势菌属相对丰度显著提高；而中壤土秸秆还田配施人元增加0~15 cm土层低温酵母相对丰度和15~30 cm、30~45 cm土层被孢霉属相对丰度。由此可见，秸秆还田条件下腐熟剂与土壤质地间响应不同，所以秸秆腐熟剂配施应因地制宜。
关键词:中壤土/
砂壤土/
玉米秸秆还田/
秸秆腐熟剂/
真菌多样性
Abstract:In order to select a straw maturing agent suited to local conditions, straw return on medium and sandy loam were investigated in a continuous maize crop in the West Liaohe Plain irrigation area. Straw returned to the field was treated with Zhongnonglvkang, Renyuan, or Nongfukang maturing agent, or without maturing agent as a control. The diversity and community structure of soil fungi was studied using a high-throughput sequencing technique in 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm soil layers during the maize silking stage. The results showed that the number of OUT (operational taxonomic units) in sandy loam treated with returned straw and maturing agent was higher than that of control. However, in medium loam, the results were opposite. The relative abundance of Mortierellomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota for all treatments was higher than in the control, the dominant genera being Mortierella and Guehomyces. Different straw maturing agents and soil textures resulted in different fungi responses. The composition and abundance of soil fungi in medium loam were not significantly affected by returning straw with Zhongnong and Nongfukang application, although applying Renyuan led to significant changes. Significant composition changes and an increase in soil fungi abundance were identified in sandy loam when returned straw was treated with Zhongnong and Renyuan. The results of Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis showed that soil fungi diversity differed among three treatments. For sandy loam with Zhongnong application, medium loam with Renyuan, and medium loam with Nongfukang, the most significant fungal classifications were phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, class Agaricomycetes, orders Pleosporales and Agaricales, and species Mortierella fimbricystis. The difference in treatment response was also reflected in the maturing agent effects on fungi in different layers of medium and sandy loam. With increased depths, the relative abundance of Mortierella spp. first increased and then decreased, while the relative abundance of Guehomyces spp. decreased. The relative abundance of Guehomyces spp. in deep soil was higher than that in surface soil after the application of straw maturing agent (except for Nongfukang in medium loam). The relative abundance of these two dominant genera in the 0-15 cm soil layer was significantly increased in sandy loam by returning straw and applying Zhongnong. In medium loam, returning straw and applying Renyuan increased the relative abundance of Guehomyces spp. in the 0-15 cm soil layer and the relative abundance of Mortierella spp. in the 15-45 cm soil layer. Under returned straw conditions, effects of straw maturing agent varied with soil texture; therefore, the combined application of straw and straw decomposing agents should be adapted according to local conditions.
Key words:Medium loam/
Sandy loam/
Maize straw returning to field/
Straw maturing agent/
Fungal diversity
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图1不同组土壤样品中独有和共有真菌OTU数量的韦恩图
分组和编号代表的处理如表 2所示。
Figure1.Venn diagrams showing the number of shared and exclusive fungal OTU in different groups of the tested soil samples
The meanings of letters and numbers outside circles in the figure 1 are shown in the table 2.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同组试验样品真菌门、种水平分类学组成和分布
分组字母的意义如表 2所示。
Figure2.Taxonomic composition and distribution of soil fungi on the phylum and species levels in different groups of the tested soil
The groups in the figure 2 are shown in the table 2.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3不同组试验样品真菌属聚类树及相对丰度
分组和编号代表的处理如表 2所示。
Figure3.Horizontal clustering tree and relative abundance of fungi genus the tested soil samples
The meanings of letters and numbers in the figure 3 are shown in the table 2.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同试验样品真菌差异物种相对丰度热图
分组和编号代表的处理如表 2所示。颜色越蓝表明丰度越低; 反之, 颜色越红代表丰度越高。
Figure4.Relative abundance heat map of fungi of the tested soil samples
The meanings of letters and numbers in the figure 4 are shown in the table 2. The dark blue means the low abundance, the dark red means the high abundance.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5不同组试验样品真菌非度量多维尺度分析
分组字母的意义如表 2所示。
Figure5.Nonmetric multidimensional scale analysis of soil fungi in different groups of the tested soil samples
The meanings of letters in the figure are shown in the table 2.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图6不同组试验样品真菌LDA值分布和系统发育树(LDA阈值4.0)
左图中柱的长度代表差异物种的影响大小(即为LDA score), 不同颜色表示不同组(a、f、g)的物种。系统发育树中黄色显示物种丰度无显著差异, 有显著变化的类群按照不同组进行着色, 丰度大小与圆圈的直径大小相称; 不同颜色的节点表示在该颜色所代表的组中起到重要作用的微生物群。
Figure6.LDA value distribution and cladogram of soil fungi in different groups of the tested soil samples (LAD score=4.0)
In the left figure, the length of histogram represents the influence of different species (LDA score) and different colors represent different groups (a, f, g). In the right figure, the yellow means no significant difference in species abundance in cladogram; the groups with significant changes were colored according to different groups, and the abundance size was proportional to the diameter of the circle, nodes of different colors represent the microflora that plays an important role in the group represented by the color.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1试验地耕层土壤养分含量
Table1.Nutrients contents of tillage layer of the test soil
| 土壤质地 Soil texture | 有机质 Organic matter (g?kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg?kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg?kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg?kg-1) | pH |
| 中壤土Medium loamy soil | 15.92 | 53.27 | 10.23 | 97.61 | 8.5 |
| 砂壤土Sandy loamy soil | 15.34 | 51.88 | 8.87 | 101.21 | 8.2 |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同质地土壤秸秆还田配施腐熟剂土壤样品编号
Table2.Number of soil samples of different soils with different straw decomposing agents
| 土层 Soil layer (cm) | 砂壤土Sandy loam | 中壤土Middle loam | |||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
| 中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂 Zhongnong- lvkang decomposing agent | 人元秸秆腐熟剂 Renyuan decomposing agent | 农富康秸秆腐熟剂 Nongfukang decomposing agent | 无腐熟剂 No Decom- posing agent | 中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂 Zhongnong- lvkang decomposing agent | 人元秸秆腐熟剂 Renyuan decomposing agent | 农富康秸秆腐熟剂 Nongfukang decomposing agent | 无腐熟剂 No decomposing agent | ||
| 0~15 | SR111 | SR211 | SR311 | SR411 | ZR111 | ZR211 | ZR311 | ZR411 | |
| 15~30 | SR112 | SR212 | SR312 | SR412 | ZR112 | ZR212 | ZR312 | ZR412 | |
| 30~45 | SR113 | SR213 | SR313 | SR413 | ZR113 | ZR213 | ZR313 | ZR413 | |
下载: 导出CSV表3不同组试验样品各等级OTU物种统计结果
Table3.Statistical results of OTU at different levels in different groups of the tested soil samples
| 样品Sample | 界Kindom | 门Phylum | 纲Class | 目Order | 科Family | 属Genus | 种Species |
| SR111 | 5 | 13 | 30 | 61 | 117 | 166 | 143 |
| SR112 | 4 | 12 | 28 | 54 | 103 | 135 | 114 |
| SR113 | 4 | 13 | 29 | 55 | 105 | 151 | 125 |
| SR211 | 4 | 15 | 31 | 60 | 115 | 155 | 127 |
| SR212 | 3 | 14 | 31 | 53 | 100 | 139 | 122 |
| SR213 | 3 | 13 | 31 | 59 | 111 | 148 | 124 |
| SR311 | 5 | 12 | 31 | 53 | 98 | 134 | 119 |
| SR312 | 4 | 14 | 30 | 58 | 100 | 129 | 109 |
| SR313 | 4 | 11 | 31 | 58 | 107 | 138 | 116 |
| SR411 | 5 | 16 | 35 | 62 | 123 | 157 | 125 |
| SR412 | 3 | 13 | 30 | 56 | 99 | 133 | 111 |
| SR413 | 3 | 14 | 31 | 58 | 89 | 122 | 102 |
| ZR111 | 4 | 15 | 33 | 62 | 115 | 168 | 137 |
| ZR112 | 4 | 16 | 33 | 57 | 104 | 141 | 117 |
| ZR113 | 4 | 14 | 33 | 59 | 100 | 135 | 116 |
| ZR211 | 5 | 11 | 29 | 56 | 111 | 158 | 145 |
| ZR212 | 3 | 14 | 31 | 55 | 104 | 142 | 119 |
| ZR213 | 4 | 14 | 32 | 56 | 101 | 133 | 114 |
| ZR311 | 5 | 14 | 32 | 55 | 101 | 139 | 110 |
| ZR312 | 4 | 13 | 30 | 57 | 103 | 137 | 119 |
| ZR313 | 3 | 13 | 30 | 60 | 98 | 143 | 120 |
| ZR411 | 5 | 12 | 29 | 59 | 112 | 161 | 146 |
| ZR412 | 4 | 13 | 31 | 56 | 99 | 135 | 112 |
| ZR413 | 4 | 14 | 30 | 55 | 111 | 153 | 122 |
| 分组和编号代表的处理如表 2所示。The meanings of letters and numbers of samples are shown in the table 2. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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