陈仁伟^{1, 2,,},
张晓煜^{1, 2, 3,},
丁琦⁴,
杨豫^{1, 2},
南学军^{2, 3},
胡宏远^{2, 3},
冯蕊^{1, 2},
李芳红^{1, 2},
张亚红¹
1.宁夏大学农学院 银川 750021
2.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室 银川 750002
3.宁夏气象科学研究所 银川 750002
4.南京信息工程大学 南京 210044
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41675114


详细信息

作者简介:张晓煜, 主要从事酿酒葡萄气象研究。E-mail:zhang_xynet@163.com

通讯作者:陈仁伟, 主要从事果树生理生态及防灾减灾研究。E-mail:c958512504@163.com

中图分类号:S663.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-03-02
录用日期:2020-05-14
刊出日期:2020-07-01

Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance in different parts of four wine grape varieties based on different thermal analysis

CHEN Renwei^{1, 2,,},
ZHANG Xiaoyu^{1, 2, 3,},
DING Qi⁴,
YANG Yu^{1, 2},
NAN Xuejun^{2, 3},
HU Hongyuan^{2, 3},
FENG Rui^{1, 2},
LI Fanghong^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yahong¹
1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring, Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002, China
3. Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
4. Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41675114


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Corresponding author:CHEN Renwei, E-mail:zhang_xynet@163.com

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摘要
摘要:越冬冻害是中国北方地区的主要气象灾害之一，严重影响着西北内陆埋土防寒区酿酒葡萄产业的可持续发展。葡萄不同部位抗寒能力具有差异，主要受品种遗传性状差异及各部位特性影响。本文基于差热分析技术对不同品种酿酒葡萄不同部位抗寒性进行测定，为葡萄越冬冻害的防御工作提供理论依据。本研究以贺兰山东麓主栽的4种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’‘西拉’和‘北玫’的主根、副根和枝条为试材，在模拟自然降温冷冻过程中测定其过冷却点、结冰点、相对电导率和枝条含水率，并应用模糊隶属函数法综合评价4个品种酿酒葡萄根系的抗寒能力。研究结果表明：1）不同品种间的抗寒能力有显著差异，且不同品种根系、枝条抗寒能力趋势表现较为一致，4个品种抗寒能力大小顺序为：‘北玫’ > ‘赤霞珠’ >‘美乐’ > ‘西拉’。2）半致死温度与根系过冷却点呈显著性相关，结合半致死温度确定供试品种根系的过冷却点温度范围为-5.2~-2.7℃，可作为4个酿酒葡萄品种根系越冬冻害的温度参考指标。供试品种各部位中枝条抗寒能力最强，主根次之，副根最弱，且主根抗寒能力显著大于副根。研究结果对于酿酒葡萄越冬冻害监测、预警和防御能力具有重要意义，也为酿酒葡萄抗寒性育种、优良品种的推广应用提供理论参考。
关键词:酿酒葡萄/
抗寒性综合评价/
过冷却点/
半致死温度/
根系/
差热分析
Abstract:Freezing injury is one of the main meteorological disasters for grapes in northern China, and it seriously affects the growth and quality of wine grapes, which are soil-buried for winter protection in the northwest inland zones, and restricts the sustainable development of grapevine and the wine industry. The cold resistance of different parts of wine grape varies with the genetic characters of the grape varieties. In this paper, the cold resistance capacity of different parts of wine grape were measured using different thermal analysis (DTA) technologies to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and mitigation of the winter freezing injury of grape. The physiological response indexes (supercooling point, freezing point, relative conductivity, and water content of branches) of four common varieties of wine grapes, namely, 'Cabernet Sauvignon' 'Merlot' 'Syrah, ' and 'Beimei', were measured by simulating the natural freezing schedule. Based on the fuzzy subordination function, the cold resistance capabilities of four wine grape varieties roots were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that: 1) there were significant differences in cold resistance among different varieties, but the trend cold resistance of root and branch of the four varieties were identical. The order of cold resistance of the four varieties was: 'Beimei' > 'Cabernet Sauvignon' > 'Merlot' > 'Syrah'. 2) There was a significant correlation between the semi-lethal temperature and the supercooling point of the root system. Combined with the semi-lethal temperature, the temperature range of the supercooling points of the tested varieties roots was -5.2~-2.7 ℃, which could be used as the temperature reference index of the root system of four wine grape varieties. In all parts of the tested varieties, the cold resistance of branch was the strongest, the taproot was the second, the secondary root was the weakest, and the cold resistance capacity of the taproots was significantly better than that of the accessory roots. The results of this study are of significance to the monitoring, early warning, and improving the ability of wine grapes to resist overwintering freezing damage and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of cold resistance ability in wine grape and the popularization and application of excellent varieties.
Key words:Wine grape/
Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance/
Supercooling point/
Semi-lethal temperature (LT₅₀)/
Root/
Different thermal analysis

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图1不同酿酒葡萄品种主根的过冷却点及结冰点频次图
Figure1.Frequencies of supercooling point and freezing point of taproots of different wine grape varieties


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图2不同酿酒葡萄品种副根的过冷却点及结冰点频次图
Figure2.Frequencies of supercooling point and freezing point of accessory roots of different wine grape varieties


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图3不同酿酒葡萄品种枝条的过冷却点及结冰点频次图
Figure3.Frequencies of supercooling point and freezing point of branches of different wine grape varieties


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1供试酿酒葡萄品种及来源
Table1.Varieties and sources of the tested wine grape

品种Variety	来源Source
北玫 Beimei	银川市永宁县玉泉营乡西夏王葡萄基地 Chateau Xixia King, Yuquanying Township, Yongning County, Yinchuan City
美乐 Merlot	银川市西夏区美贺庄园 Chateau Mihope, Xixia District, Yinchuan City
赤霞珠、西拉 Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah	银川市贺兰县金山村观兰酒庄 Guanlan Vineyard, Jinshan Village, Helan County, Yinchuan City

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表2不同酿酒葡萄品种同一部位及同一品种不同部位的过冷却点、结冰点和过冷却能力差异性分析
Table2.Variance analysis of supercooling points, freezing points and supercooling capacities of the same part among different wine grape varieties and among different parts of the same variety

指标 Index	部位 Part	北玫 Beimei	美乐 Merlot	西拉 Syrah	赤霞珠 Cabernet Sauvignon
过冷却点温度 Supercooling point temperature (℃)	主根Taproot	-4.94±0.15aB	-3.91±0.12bB	-3.21±0.14cB	-4.02±0.15bB
	副根Accessory root	-4.12±0.27aC	-3.73±0.51bB	-2.87±0.01cC	-3.53±0.33bC
	枝条Branch	-9.79±0.95aA	-7.03±0.99dA	-7.99±0.58cA	-8.71±0.65bA
结冰点温度 Freezing point temperature (℃)	主根Taproot	-3.49±0.35aB	-2.76±0.46bB	-1.95±0.17dB	-2.45±0.27cB
	副根Accessory root	-3.14±0.32aB	-2.78±0.51abB	-2.25±0.23bB	-2.62±0.28bB
	枝条Branch	-7.77±1.37aA	-5.00±1.08bA	-4.97±0.78bA	-7.51±0.84aA
过冷却能力 Supercooling capacity	主根Taproot	1.45±0.41aB	1.15±0.42aA	1.22±0.19aB	1.57±0.301aC
	副根Accessory root	0.89±0.30abA	0.95±0.41bA	0.62±0.27aA	0.91±0.21bA
	枝条Branch	2.02±0.83bC	2.03±0.60bB	3.02±0.81cC	1.20±0.42aB
同行不同小写字母表示不同品种同一部位各指标在P < 0.05水平差异显著, 同列不同大写字母表示同一品种不同部位各指标在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same line mean significant differences at P < 0.05 level in the same part among different varieties; different capital letters in the same column mean significant differences at P < 0.05 level in the same variety among different parts.

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表3基于模糊隶属函数法综合评价4个酿酒葡萄品种的抗寒性
Table3.Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance of four wine grape varieties based on fuzzy membership function

部位 Part	指标 Index	北玫 Beimei	美乐 Merlot	西拉 Syrah	赤霞珠 Cabernet Sauvignon
主根 Taproot	过冷却点Supercooling point	0.00	0.60	1.00	0.53
	结冰点Freezing point	0.00	0.47	1.00	0.68
	过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	0.71	0.00	0.26	1.00
副根 Accessory root	过冷却点Supercooling point	0.00	0.30	1.00	0.46
	结冰点Freezing point	0.00	0.45	1.00	0.61
	过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	0.82	1.00	0.00	0.88
枝条 Branch	过冷却点Supercooling point	0.00	1.00	0.65	0.39
	结冰点Freezing point	0.00	0.99	1.00	0.09
	过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	0.44	0.45	1.00	0.00
平均隶属函数度Average of subordination value		0.22	0.58	0.77	0.52
抗寒类型Cold hardiness		高High	中Middle	低Low	中Middle

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表4不同酿酒葡萄品种不同部位相对电导率(Y)和温度(X)的Logistics方程及半致死温度(LT₅₀)
Table4.Logistics equations of relative electrical conductivity (Y) and temperature (X) and semi-lethal temperature (LT₅₀) of different parts of different wine grape varieties

部位Part	品种Variety	逻辑斯蒂方程Logistics equations	R2	LT50 (℃)
主根 Taproot	北玫Beimei	Y=52.87/[1+EXP(4.68+0.89X)]	0.999 3	-5.30f
	美乐Merlot	Y=44.97/[1+EXP(2.55+0.66X)]	0.977 6	-3.97de
	西拉Syrah	Y=60.82/[1+EXP(4.39+1.38X)]	0.982 5	-3.25b
	赤霞珠Cabernet Sauvignon	Y=45.07/[1+EXP(1.97+0.49X)]	0.918 3	-4.06e
副根 Accessory root	北玫Beimei	Y=34.02/[1+EXP(4.98+1.22X)]	0.975 3	-4.10e
	美乐Merlot	Y=41.46/[1+EXP(3.33+0.93X)]	0.963 4	-3.61c
	西拉Syrah	Y=30.36/[1+EXP(2.68+0.91X)]	0.950 1	-2.92a
	赤霞珠Cabernet Sauvignon	Y=46.59/[1+EXP(2.75+0.74X)]	0.994 1	-3.70cd
枝条 Branch	北玫Beimei	Y=117.81/[1+EXP(4.62+0.16X)]	0.967 5	-28.86i
	美乐Merlot	Y=84.22/[1+EXP(4.29+0.24X)]	0.999 5	-17.90h
	西拉Syrah	Y=85.34/[1+EXP(6.02+0.43X)]	0.995 2	-14.16g
	赤霞珠Cabernet Sauvignon	Y=72.26/[1+EXP(4.44+0.25X)]	0.975 7	-17.76h
半致死温度列不同小写字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the semi-lethal temperature column mean significant differences at P < 0.05 level.

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表5应用模糊隶属函数法基于半致死温度的不同酿酒葡萄品种抗寒性评价
Table5.Cold resistance evaluation of different grape varieties based on semi-lethal temperature by fuzzy membership function method

品种 Variety	半致死温度Semi-lethal temperature (LT50)			平均隶属函数度 Average of subordination value	抗寒类型 Cold hardiness
	主根 Taproot	副根 Accessory root	枝条 Branch
北玫Beimei	0	0	0	0	高High
美乐Merlot	0.69	0.44	0.75	0.62	中Middle
西拉Syrah	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	低Low
赤霞珠Cabernet Sauvignon	0.58	0.31	0.76	0.55	中Middle

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表6酿酒葡萄半致死温度(LT₅₀)与抗寒性指标的相关性分析
Table6.Correlation analysis between semi-lethal temperature (LT₅₀) and cold resistance indexes of wine grape

		过冷却点 Supercooling point	结冰点 Freezing point	过冷却能力 Supercooling capacity	LT50
主根 Taproot	过冷却点Supercooling point	1.000
	结冰点Freezing point	0.966*	1.000
	过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	-0.525	-0.288	1.000
	LT50	0.996**	0.969*	-0.494	1.000
副根 Accessory root	过冷却点Supercooling point	1.000
	结冰点Freezing point	0.990*	1.000
	过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	-0.833	-0.746	1.000
	LT50	0.972*	0.954*	-0.828	1.000
枝条 Branch	过冷却点Supercooling point	1.000
	结冰点Freezing point	0.884	1.000
	过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	0.259	0.681	1.000
	LT50	0.833	0.940	0.637	1.000
*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01.

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表7不同酿酒葡萄品种枝条含水量与抗寒性指标的相关性分析
Table7.Correlation analysis between water contents and cold resistance indexes of branches of wine grape

	过冷却点 Supercooling point	结冰点 Freezing point	过冷却能力 Supercooling capacity	含水量 water content
过冷却点Supercooling point	1.000
结冰点Freezing point	0.884	1.000
过冷却能力Supercooling capacity	0.259	0.681	1.000
含水量Water content	0.984*	0.953*	-0.515	1.000
*: P < 0.05.

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