俞映倞1,
杨梖1,
侯朋福1,
杨林章1,
薛利红1,,,
孙庆业2
1.农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室/江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 南京 210014
2.安徽大学资源与环境工程学院 合肥 230601
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2016YFD0801101
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金CX(19)3646
详细信息
作者简介:王梦凡, 主要研究方向为农业面源污染治理。E-mail:15855966880@163.com
通讯作者:薛利红, 主要研究方向为农业面源污染治理。E-mail:njxuelihong@gmail.com
中图分类号:S5-33计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-01-28
录用日期:2020-03-31
刊出日期:2020-06-01
Effects of interface barrier materials on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and NH3 volatilization
WANG Mengfan1, 2,,YU Yingliang1,
YANG Bei1,
HOU Pengfu1,
YANG Linzhang1,
XUE Lihong1,,,
SUN Qingye2
1. Key Lab of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
2. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0801101
the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation FundCX(19)3646
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Corresponding author:XUE Lihong, E-mail:njxuelihong@gmail.com
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摘要
摘要:氨挥发是稻田氮素损失的一个重要途径，有效控制稻田氨挥发对水稻增产减排具有重要意义。界面阻隔材料具有环境友好性和低成本的特点，可以作为一种截然不同的氨挥发减排方法。本研究比较分析了3种界面阻隔材料对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和氨挥发排放的影响，以期为水稻降本增效及减少环境污染提供技术支持。通过在稻田喷施表面分子膜材料和覆盖稻糠，比较了两种表面分子膜材料——聚乳酸（PLA）和卵磷脂（LEC）及稻糠（RB）施用后水稻产量及其构成、稻田田面水pH和铵态氮及硝态氮含量动态、稻田氨挥发及氮肥吸收利用的变化特征。结果表明，3种界面阻隔材料均显著增加了水稻产量，与常规施肥对照（CKU，无添加界面阻隔材料）相比增幅分别为13.0%（RB）、21.0%（PLA）和24.1%（LEC）。增产主要是因为有效穗数的增加，其中RB和PLA处理与CKU处理差异达显著水平；每穗粒数和结实率均无显著差异。LEC处理显著提高了氮肥利用率（19.0%），但RB处理氮肥利用率显著低于CKU。与CKU处理相比，3种界面阻隔材料的添加减少12.3%~19.9%的氨挥发量。PLA处理氨挥发减排效果最佳，达显著水平；其次为LEC处理。氨挥发减排可能与界面阻隔材料添加导致的田面水pH、铵态氮浓度变化和土壤铵态氮含量的增加有关。与CKU处理相比，所有处理均增加了田面水铵态氮浓度，但同时降低了田面水pH，且在水稻分蘖期影响较明显。其中PLA处理还提高了土壤铵态氮含量。本研究表明，稻田施加界面阻隔材料是稻田氨挥发减排以及增产增效的另一种可行的技术途径。
关键词:界面阻隔材料/
表面分子膜/
稻糠/
稻田/
氮肥利用率/
氨挥发
Abstract:NH3 volatilization emissions cause significant nitrogen losses in rice fields. Effective control of NH3 volatilization emissions in rice fields is critical to increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Interface barrier materials are environmental-friendly and low cost, making them suitable as a completely different method of reducing NH3 volatilization. This study therefore explored the impacts of interface barrier materials on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, which may help to achieve rice yields with low costs and reduced environmental pollution. In this study, three interface barrier materials including two surface molecular film materials:polylactic acid (PLA) and lecithin (LEC) materials were formulated as surface molecular film materials and were sprayed evenly on the field after fertilization at the basal, tillering, and earing rice stages. Rice bran was also evenly spread over the field after fertilization on the same day. The rice yield and yield composition, pH and nitrogen concentration in paddy surface water, soil nitrogen content, nitrogen use efficiency and NH3 volatilization were investigated. The experiment involved five treatments:CK (no N fertilizer), CKU (only urea), RB (rice bran + urea), PLA (polylactic acid + urea), and LEC (lecithin + urea). Fertilizer additions and field management practices remained the same across all treatments. The results showed that the RB, PLA and LEC treatments significantly increased rice yield compared to CKU treatment by 13.0%, 21.0%, and 24.1%, respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of LEC treatment significantly increased by 19.0% compared to the CKU. The RB treatment significantly increased yield by 13.0% compared to CKU, but did not significantly affect the nitrogen utilization rate. The addition of RB and PLA significantly increased the effective spike number in rice, but the LEC treatment produced no significant difference in this variable. The number of grains and the seed setting rate did not differ significantly under the CKU from their interface barrier materials added. The addition of interface barrier materials reduced NH3 volatilization by 12.3%-19.9% in comparison with CKU, and the PLA treatment significantly reduced NH3 volatilization by 19.9%, and performed best. It was followed by the LEC treatment with a reduction of 14.3%. The reductions in NH3 volatilization may be related to the changes in surface water pH, NH4+-N concentration, and soil NH4+-N content caused by the addition of interface barrier materials. Compared to the CKU treatment, all treatments increased the NH4+-N concentration but lowered the pH in surface water, especially during the tillering stage. The soil NH4+-N content was also improved in the PLA treatment. This study shows that the application of interface barrier materials in rice fields is a feasible technical approach to reduce NH3 volatilization and increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
Key words:Interface barrier materials/
Surface molecular film/
Rice bran/
Rice field/
Nitrogen use efficiency/
NH3 volatilization
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图1聚乳酸(PLA)和卵磷脂(LEC)界面阻隔材料成膜的原子力显微镜图(图a为PLA处理, 图b为LEC处理)
Figure1.Atomic force microscope (AFM) image of polylactic acid (PLA) and lecithin (LEC) interface barrier film formation (the Fig. a is PLA treatment; the Fig. b is LEC treatment)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图23个肥期不同界面阻隔材料处理的稻田氨挥发日通量变化
CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。
Figure2.Daily flux of NH3 volatilization of rice field under different interface barrier material treatments in three fertilizer periods
CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图33个肥期不同界面阻隔材料对稻田田面水brrhzformula:15:erhhz浓度的影响
CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。
Figure3.Variation of ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + {\rm{ - N}}$ concentration in surface water of rice field with different interface barrier materials in three fertilization periods
CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同界面阻隔材料水稻分蘖期施肥4 d后的土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量
CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure4.${\rm{NH}}_4^ + {\rm{ - N}}$and${\rm{NO}}_3^ - {\rm{ - N}}$contents of rice field soil on 4 days after fertilization under different interface barrier material treatments in rice tillering period
CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同界面阻隔材料对水稻产量及其构成的影响
Table1.Effects of different interface barrier materials on rice yield and its components
| 处理 Treatment | 产量 Yield (kg?hm–2) | 有效穗数 Effective spike number (spikes?m–2) | 每穗粒数 Grain numbers per spike | 结实率 Seed setting rate (%) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) |
| CK | 4 285.2±563.8c | 187.1±14.3c | 126.2±11.2a | 83.8±0.04b | 26.4±0.2a |
| CKU | 8 716.4±485.8b | 246.0±18.0b | 144.0±10.1a | 93.4±0.02a | 26.1±0.8ab |
| RB | 9 850.4±587.2a | 289.9±28.3a | 151.7±8.9a | 93.6±0.01a | 25.5±0.5ab |
| PLA | 10 548.6±545.4a | 303.2±12.5a | 143.2±11.7a | 94.3±0.01a | 25.2±0.8b |
| LEC | 10 820.9±903.3a | 278.4±18.3ab | 132.4±22.4a | 92.2±0.02a | 25.5±0.6ab |
| CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同界面阻隔材料对水稻氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率和收获指数的影响
Table2.Nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and harvest index of rice under different interface barrier material treatments
| 处理 Treatments | 氮素吸收量Nitrogen uptake (kg?hm–2) | 氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency (%) | 氮肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer (kg?kg–1) | 收获指数 Harvest index | ||
| 籽粒Grain | 秸秆Straw | 地上部Above ground | ||||
| CK | 21.9±2.9c | 31.4±4.6c | 53.3±4.3c | — | — | 0.5±0.06ab |
| CKU | 43.1±2.4ab | 54.9±7.8b | 98.0±5.4b | 21.2±2.6b | 21.6±2.3b | 0.6±0.06a |
| RB | 27.4±19.9bc | 43.8±3.4bc | 71.2±19.7c | 8.5±9.4c | 27.0±0.7a | 0.4±0.02b |
| PLA | 54.7±3.1a | 54.8±7.2b | 109.5±10.1b | 26.7±4.8b | 30.4±2.6a | 0.6±0.05a |
| LEC | 57.6±4.2a | 80.7±17.3a | 137.9±15.2a | 40.3±7.2a | 27.2±6.4a | 0.6±0.05a |
| CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application. Differenct lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同界面阻隔材料对水稻不同施肥期氨挥发累积损失量的影响
Table3.Effects of different interfacial barrier materials on the accumulated NH3 volatilization at different fertilizerperiods of rice ?
| 处理 Treatment | 基肥期 Basal period | 分蘖期 Tillering period | 穗肥期 Earing period | 累积挥发量 Accumulation |
| CK | 6.3±1.7a | 14.1±1.7b | 18.3±0.4a | 46.6±0.4a |
| CKU | 5.6±0.1a | 24.5±11.7a | 23.9±11.5a | 63.0±2.5a |
| RB | 10.3±5.8a | 14.4±0.7b | 22.2±3.6a | 55.2±2.4a |
| PLA | 6.9±1.4a | 14.4±0.8b | 20.8±1.6a | 50.5±4.2a |
| LEC | 7.0±0.8a | 12.8±1.2b | 26.5±3.9a | 54.0±5.1a |
| CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表43个施肥期不同界面阻隔材料对稻田田面水pH的影响
Table4.Effect of different interface barrier materials on pH of surface water of rice field in three fertilizer periods
| 处理 Treatment | 基肥期 Basal period | 分蘖期 Tillering period | 穗肥期 Earing period | |||||||
| 范围 Range | 均值 Mean | 范围 Range | 均值 Mean | 范围 Range | 均值 Mean | |||||
| CK | 7.3~8.2 | 7.7±0.4a | 7.5~8.4 | 8.0±0.4a | 7.4~7.9 | 7.5±0.2a | ||||
| CKU | 6.3~8.5 | 7.6±0.7a | 7.5~8.3 | 7.9±0.3a | 7.3~7.8 | 7.5±0.2a | ||||
| RB | 7.3~8.6 | 7.8±0.4a | 7.3~7.7 | 7.5±0.1b | 6.9~7.5 | 7.2±0.2b | ||||
| PLA | 7.2~8.5 | 8.0±0.5a | 7.6~8.2 | 7.9±0.2a | 7.0~7.9 | 7.5±0.3a | ||||
| LEC | 7.3~8.6 | 7.9±0.5a | 7.4~8.0 | 7.8±0.2ab | 7.1~7.6 | 7.4±0.2a | ||||
| CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). | ||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表5不同界面阻隔材料下稻田氨挥发日通量与田面水pH、氮浓度的相关性
Table5.Correlation between daily NH3 volatilization flux and pH, nitrogen concentration in surface water of rice field under different treatments of interface barrier materials
| 处理 Treatment | pH | ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + {\rm{ - N}}$浓度 ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + {\rm{ - N}}$ concentration | ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - {\rm{ - N}}$浓度 ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - {\rm{ - N}}$ concentration |
| CK | 0.022 | 0.367*** | 0.019 |
| CKU | 0.270* | -0.038 | 0.040 |
| RB | 0.069 | 0.434*** | -0.123 |
| PLA | 0.037 | 0.607*** | -0.171 |
| LEC | -0.147 | 0.584*** | -0.124 |
| CK:不施氮肥; CKU:常规施肥; RB:添加稻糠; PLA:添加聚乳酸; LEC:添加卵磷脂。*和***分别表示P < 0.05和P < 0.001。CK: no N fertilization; CKU: conventional fertilization without interface barrier materials; RB: conventional fertilization and rice bran application; PLA: conventional fertilization and polylactic acid application; LEC: conventional fertilization and lecithin application. * and *** represent significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively. | |||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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