杨爱民,
夏鑫鑫,
武红旗
新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室 乌鲁木齐 830052
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41561019
国家自然科学基金项目41561103
详细信息
作者简介:朱磊, 主要研究方向为地理信息系统和遥感应用研究。E-mail:smartzhulei04@163.com
中图分类号:P967;F301.24计量
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出版历程
收稿日期:2019-09-03
录用日期:2020-02-08
刊出日期:2020-06-01
Spatial distribution pattern and change characteristics analysis of cultivated land in the Manas River Basin from 1975 to 2015
ZHU Lei,,YANG Aimin,
XIA Xinxin,
WU Hongqi
College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41561019
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41561103
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Corresponding author:ZHU Lei, E-mail: smartzhulei04@163.com
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摘要
摘要:为揭示耕地空间分布特征与变化趋势，本研究以玛纳斯河流域为例，基于7期（1975年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年）土地利用数据提取流域耕地信息，采用空间自相关、重心模型、标准差椭圆、地学信息图谱等方法，分析1975-2015年流域耕地空间格局演变特征。结果表明：耕地空间分布存在显著全局正相关，局部空间异质性较强，耕地在时间序列上呈现先减弱后增强再减弱的集聚态势，最终形成以沙湾县商户地乡与石河子市北泉镇为左、右核心的"高-高"集聚分布。耕地空间变化总体呈现西北方向的明显偏移，耕地重心迁移速度经历"缓慢（1975-1995年）-加速（1995-2005年）-减速（2005-2015年）"过程。1995年后标准差椭圆空间分布格局在西北方向愈加明显，椭圆面积大幅增长，耕地涨幅不断增强，并有继续向流域北部荒漠区扩张的趋势。LISA频率图谱中稳定不变与低频区域占比合计达84.58%，耕地空间格局相对稳定。1975-2015年耕地聚集状态主要变化特征表现为"低-低"集聚和"低-高"集聚向"高-高"集聚的转变，流域耕地呈现高密度扩增式发展。通过构建LISA频率图谱，结合重心模型与标准差椭圆较为全面地、动态地掌握了区域耕地空间演变趋势，为耕地资源的科学管理与有效保护提供理论基础与决策依据。
Abstract:The objective of this study was to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics and change trend of cultivated land, taking the Manas River as the study area, by extracting the cultivated land information based on 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 series of land use data, via spatial autocorrelation, gravity center mode, standard deviational ellipse, and geography informatic spectrum analysis. The results revealed that there was significant global positive correlation and strong local spatial heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of cultivated land. The cultivated land showed an aggregated time series trend, which first weakened, then strengthened, and then weakened again across the study period. The land formed a high-high agglomerate distribution situation with a left core in Shanghudi Township of Shawan County, and a right core in Beiquan Town of Shihezi City. The overall spatial change in the cultivated land showed a clear, significant shift to the northwest, and the moving speed of the cultivated land's center of gravity experienced a process of "slowed (1975-1995)-accelerated (1995-2005)-decelerated (2005-2015)". The spatial distribution pattern of the standard deviation ellipse appeared more obvious in the northwest direction after 1995, and the area of ellipse increased substantially. The growth range of the cultivated land was constantly strengthened and had a trend of expansion to the northern desert area of the basin. Through LISA frequency geo-spectrum analysis, we found that the total proportions of stable invariant and low frequency types accounted for 84.58%, and the spatial pattern of cultivated land was relatively stable. The overall spatial aggregation of the cultivated land generally shifted from a state of "Low-Low" aggregation "Low-High" aggregation to a state of "High-High" aggregation, which showed high-density expansion of cultivated land in the Manas River Basin from 1975 to 2015. By constructing the geo-spectrum of LISA frequency and combining the gravity center model and standard deviation ellipse, spatial evolution trends in the regional cultivated land were comprehensively and dynamically outlined, and the theoretical basis and decision-making foundations for scientific management and effective protection of cultivated land resources were provided.
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图1玛纳斯河流域数字高程和地理单元分区(a)、行政区划(b)及1975—2015年耕地扩张趋势(c)
Figure1.Digital elevation and geographic unit partition (a), administrative district (b), and the trend of cultivated land expansion from 1975 to 2015 (c) of the Manas River Basin
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图21975—2015年玛纳斯河流域行政村耕地面积比例局部Moran’s I指数散点图
Figure2.Scatter-plots of local Moran's I for the areal proportion of cultivated land at village level in the Manas River Basin from 1975 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图31975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地面积比例LISA集聚图
Figure3.LISA plots for the areal proportion of cultivated land in the Manas River Basin during 1975-2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图41975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地重心及标准差椭圆分布
Figure4.Distribution of cultivated land centers and standard deviational ellipses of cultivated land of the Manas River Basin from 1975 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图51975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地LISA频率图谱分析
Figure5.Analysis of LISA frequency geo-spectrum of cultivated land in the Manas River Basin during 1975–2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表11975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地面积比例值的全局Moran’s I指数与检验
Table1.Global Moran's I and tests for the areal proportion of cultivated land in the Manas River Basin during 1975—2015
| 年份Year | 1975 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 |
| Moran’s I | 0.219 1 | 0.093 8 | 0.112 1 | 0.133 8 | 0.106 3 | 0.082 4 | 0.076 6 |
| Zscore | 20.406 1 | 9.376 2 | 11.879 0 | 13.693 2 | 14.405 3 | 10.199 7 | 8.719 6 |
下载: 导出CSV表21975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地重心迁移
Table2.Shift of cultivated land gravity center of the Manas River Basin during 1975-2015
| 重心迁移 Shift of gravity center | 时段Period | |||||
| 1975—1990 | 1990—1995 | 1995—2000 | 2000—2005 | 2005—2010 | 2010—2015 | |
| 移动方向Moving direction | 西南 Southwest | 偏东 East | 西北 Northwest | 西北 Northwest | 西北 Northwest | 西北 Northwest |
| 移动距离Movement distance (km) | 0.898 7 | 0.630 7 | 5.385 2 | 5.452 2 | 3.465 8 | 3.349 4 |
| 移动速度Movement speed (km·a-1) | 0.059 9 | 0.126 1 | 1.077 0 | 1.090 4 | 0.693 2 | 0.669 9 |
下载: 导出CSV表31975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地标准差椭圆参数变化
Table3.Cultivated land standard deviational ellipses of cultivated land of the Manas River Basin during 1975-2015
| 年份Year | 1975 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 |
| 转角Rotation θ (°) | 104.425 | 108.623 | 97.845 | 121.488 | 122.057 | 127.977 | 121.981 |
| 沿x轴标准差 Standard deviation along the x-axis (km) | 42.051 | 43.420 | 43.005 | 47.963 | 50.296 | 53.132 | 54.212 |
| 沿y轴标准差 Standard deviation along the y-axis (km) | 37.342 | 36.819 | 37.023 | 37.772 | 37.970 | 37.908 | 37.667 |
| 椭圆面积Ellipse area (km2) | 4 932.907 | 5 022.079 | 5 001.782 | 5 691.215 | 5 999.245 | 6 327.086 | 6 414.728 |
下载: 导出CSV表41975—2015年玛纳斯河流域耕地LISA频率图谱特征
Table4.Characteristics of LISA frequency geo-spectrum of cultivated land in the Manas River Basin from 1975 to 2015
| 频率图谱 Geo-spectrum of frequency | 空间集聚转变次数 Times of spatial agglomeration changes | 面积 Area (km2) | 最大变化Maximum change | ||
| 最大图谱单元类型 Maximum map unit type | 面积 Area (km2) | 变化比率 Change ratio (%) | |||
| 稳定不变 Stable invariant | 0 | 7 858.76 | NS | 6 132.01 | 0.00 |
| LL | 1 631.43 | 0.00 | |||
| 低频 Low-frequency | 1~2 | 5 694.97 | NS转向LL NS turn to LL | 957.69 | 11.73 |
| LL转向NS LL turn to NS | 533.02 | 6.53 | |||
| 中频 Intermediate frequency | 3~4 | 2 212.88 | NS与LL相互转换Conversion between NS and LL | 359.71 | 4.40 |
| NS转向LH、HH NS turn to LH and HH | 181.96 | 2.23 | |||
| 高频 High frequency | 5~6 | 258.10 | LL转向LH LL turn to LH | 27.47 | 0.34 |
| NS与HL相互转换Conversion between NS and HH | 17.51 | 0.21 | |||
| HH:高-高集聚; LL:低-低集聚; LH:低高集聚; HL:高-低集聚; NS:不显著. HH: high-high agglomeration; LL: low-low agglomeration; LH: low-high agglomeration; HL: high-low agglomeration; NS: not significant. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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