朱倩倩^1,,
刘国宏²,
许咏梅^1,,,
杨金钰¹,
张彦红²
1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站 拜城 842300
基金项目: 农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项201503120
科技兴阿项目（2016）和新疆兵团重大专项2018AA005

详细信息

作者简介:朱倩倩, 主要从事作物养分调控技术研究。E-mail:1061682772@qq.com

通讯作者:许咏梅, 主要从事农业资源高效利用研究。E-mail:xym1973@163.com

中图分类号:S513

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收稿日期:2018-11-13
录用日期:2016-03-13
刊出日期:2019-07-01

Effect of water and nitrogen on the yield and quality of forage rape grown after wheat in South Xinjiang

ZHU Qianqian^1,,
LIU Guohong²,
XU Yongmei^1,,,
YANG Jinyu¹,
ZHANG Yanhong²
1. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key La-boratory of Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 842300, China
Funds: the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China201503120
the Regional Science and Technology Xing'a Project (2016) and Xinjiang Corps Major Project2018AA005

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Corresponding author:XU Yongmei, E-mail: xym1973@163.com

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摘要
摘要:采用完全随机区组田间试验研究了水氮对麦后复种饲料油菜产量及品质的影响，运用模糊相似优先比法分析了不同水氮处理下油菜产量及其4个典型饲料品质指标的变化特征。试验设置灌溉定额和施氮量2个因素：灌溉定额设置3 000 m³·hm^-2（低水）、4 500 m³·hm^-2（中水）和6 000 m³·hm^-2（高水）3个水平；施氮量设置140.6 kg（N）·hm^-2（低氮）、187.5 kg（N）·hm^-2（中氮）和234.4 kg（N）·hm^-2（高氮）3个水平。研究结果表明：适宜的水氮供应对饲料油菜单株鲜重、干重、产量、品质有显著的互作优势，水氮供应量过量或者不足，互作优势减弱。相同灌溉定额下饲料油菜单株鲜重、干重和产量随着施氮量的增加而提高；相同施氮条件下，随着灌水量的增加单株鲜重、干重和产量逐渐提高；提高灌溉定额的增产效应优于增氮，高水+中氮处理较低水+低氮处理产量提高86.90%。施氮量和水氮互作显著影响饲料油菜品质，中水中氮处理粗蛋白含量较高水高氮处理提高36.91%。中水低氮处理中性洗涤纤维含量最低，为32.66%，显著低于高水高氮处理；而高水低氮处理酸性洗涤纤维含量最低，为24.74%，较高水高氮处理低16.49%。高水高氮处理的粗脂肪含量最高（1.45%）。综合考虑产量与品质，新疆南部地区饲料油菜适宜的水氮措施为中水高氮[6 000 m³·hm^-2，187.5 kg（N）·hm^-2]。
关键词:水氮/
麦后复种/
饲料油菜/
产量/
品质
Abstract:A field randomized block experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen on the yield and quality of multiple cropped forage rape after wheat harvest, by analyzing the variation characteristics of rapeseed yield and its four typical feed quality indicators under different water and nitrogen treatments through fuzzy similarity priority ratio method. The experiment included two factors:irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate; irrigation quota was 3 000 m³·hm^-2 (low water), 4 500 m³·hm^-2 (middle water), and 6 000 m³·hm^-2 (high water) (W1, W2, W3); nitrogen application rates were 140.6 kg(N)·hm^-2 (low nitrogen), 187.5 kg(N)·hm^-2 (medium nitrogen), and 234.4 kg(N)·hm^-2 (high nitrogen) (F1, F2, F3). The results showed that the suitable irrigation and nitrogen levels had significant interaction advantages on fresh weight, dry weight, yield, and quality of forage rape, while an excess or deficiency in irrigation and nitrogen levels reduced mutual advantage. The fresh weight, dry weight, and yield of forage rape under the same irrigation quota improved with the increase in nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the fresh weight, dry weight, and yield of forage rape increased with the increase in irrigation quota. Improving irrigation quota was better than increasing the nitrogen application rate. Yield under high water + medium nitrogen treatment increased by 86.90% when compared with yield under low water + low nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen application rate and irrigation-nitrogen application interaction significantly affected the quality of forage rape; in W2F2 treatment, crude protein content increased by 36.91% when compared with W3F3 treatment. The neutral-detergent fiber under W2F1 treatment was the lowest, at 32.66%, significantly lower than that under W3F3 treatment. The acid-detergent fiber under W3F1 treatment was the lowest (24.74%), which was lower than that under W3F3 treatment by 16.49%. The crude fat content was the highest under W3F3 treatment, at 1.45%. Comprehensive consideration of yield and quality revealed that the suitable water and nitrogen application measures for cultivating forage rape in South Xinjiang was high water and high nitrogen[6 000 m³·hm^-2, 187.5 kg(N)·hm^-2].
Key words:Water and fertilizer/
Multi-cropping after wheat harvest/
Forage rape/
Yield/
Quality

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图1不同水氮处理下饲料油菜蕾薹期(A)和花期(B)的单株鲜重变化
W1:低水处理; W2:中水处理; W3:高水处理; F1:低氮处理; F2:中氮处理; F3:高氮处理。不同小写字母表示在同一灌水量不同施氮量间差异显著(P < 0.05)。W1: low irrigation treatment; W2: medium irrigation treatment; W3: high irrigation treatment; F1: low nitrogen treatment; F2: medium nitrogen treatment; F3: high nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at 0.05 level among different nitrogen rates at the same irrigation quota.
Figure1.Fresh weight per plant of forage rapes at stem elongation (A) and florescence (B) stages under different water and nitrogen treatments


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图2不同水氮处理下饲料油菜蕾薹期(A)和花期(B)单株干重的变化
W1:低水处理; W2:中水处理; W3:高水处理; F1:低氮处理; F2:中氮处理; F3:高氮处理。不同小写字母表示在同一灌水量不同施氮量间差异显著(P < 0.05)。W1: low irrigation treatment; W2: medium irrigation treatment; W3: high irrigation treatment; F1: low nitrogen treatment; F2: medium nitrogen treatment; F3: high nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at 0.05 level among different nitrogen rates at the same irrigation quota.
Figure2.Dry weight per plant of forage rapes at stem elongation (A) and florescence (B) stages under different water and nitrogen treatments


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图3水与氮肥互作对饲料油菜产量的影响
W1:低水处理; W2:中水处理; W3:高水处理; F1:低氮处理; F2:中氮处理; F3:高氮处理。不同小写字母表示在同一灌水量不同施氮量间差异显著(P < 0.05)。W1: low irrigation treatment; W2: medium irrigation treatment; W3: high irrigation treatment; F1: low nitrogen treatment; F2: medium nitrogen treatment; F3: high nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at 0.05 level among different nitrogen rates at the same irrigation quota.
Figure3.Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on yield of forage rape


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图4水氮处理对饲料油菜产量的影响
W1:低水处理; W2:中水处理; W3:高水处理; F1:低氮处理; F2:中氮处理; F3:高氮处理。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。W1: low irrigation treatment; W2: medium irrigation treatment; W3: high irrigation treatment; F1: low nitrogen treatment; F2: medium nitrogen treatment; F3: high nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at 0.05 level among different treatments.
Figure4.Effects of single water or nitrogen treatment on yield of forage rape


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表1不同水氮处理对饲料油菜品质的影响
Table1.Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the quality of forage rape

处理 Treatment		粗蛋白 Crude protein (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat (%)	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%)	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%)
W1	F1	19.62±0.981a	1.32±0.066bc	27.16±0.543b	39.85±1.993ab
	F2	18.88±0.944ab	1.35±0.068abc	26.28±0.526bc	38.02±1.901ab
	F3	18.84±0.942ab	1.32±0.066bc	24.87±0.497d	33.97±1.699cd
W2	F1	14.86±0.743de	1.23±0.062cd	24.74±0.495d	32.66±1.633e
	F2	19.77±0.989a	1.37±0.069ab	26.14±0.523c	37.26±1.863bc
	F3	17.72±0.886bc	1.33±0.067abc	26.31±0.526bc	38.66±1.933ab
W3	F1	16.17±0.809cd	1.19±0.060d	26.00±0.520c	34.07±1.704cd
	F2	17.21±0.861c	1.32±0.066bc	26.11±0.522c	34.07±1.704cd
	F3	14.44±0.722e	1.45±0.073a	28.82±0.576a	41.24±2.062a
			单一因素平均值Single factor average
水分	W1	19.11±0.293a	1.33±0.022a	26.07±0.171b	37.28±0.613a
Irrigation	W2	17.45±0.293b	1.31±0.022a	25.73±0.171b	36.19±0.613a
	W3	15.94±0.293c	1.32±0.022a	26.98±0.171a	36.46±0.613a
氮素	F1	16.88±0.293b	1.25±0.022b	25.93±0.171b	35.53±0.613b
Nitrogen	F2	18.62±0.293a	1.35±0.022a	26.18±0.171ab	36.45±0.613ab
	F3	17.00±0.293b	1.37±0.022a	26.67±0.171a	37.96±0.613a
			显著性检验Significance test (F value)
水分Irrigation		429.277*	0.206	14.197*	0.855
氮素Nitrogen		10.950*	8.515*	4.741*	4.009*
水分×施氮量Irrigation × nitrogen		10.469*	3.434*	23.505*	14.003*
W1:低水处理; W2:中水处理; W3:高水处理; F1:低氮处理; F2:中氮处理; F3:高氮处理。同列不同小写字母表示0.05水平差异显著; *表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。W1: low irrigation treatment; W2: medium irrigation treatment; W3: high irrigation treatment; F1: low nitrogen treatment; F2: medium nitrogen treatment; F3: high nitrogen treatment. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences at 0.05 level; * means significant differences at 0.05 level.

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表2不同水氮处理对理想处理饲料油菜产量和品质变量的相似程度
Table2.Semblance of yield and quality indexes of forage rape under evaluated different water and nitrogen treatments compared to the standard treatment

处理 Treatment	编号 Number	产量 Yield	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	相似程度 Similarity
W1F1	1	9	8	5	5	7	34
W1F2	2	8	7	3	4	5	27
W1F3	3	7	6	5	1	2	21
W2F1	4	6	2	6	7	1	22
W2F2	5	5	9	2	3	4	23
W2F3	6	1	5	4	2	6	18
W3F1	7	4	3	7	8	3	25
W3F2	8	3	1	5	6	3	18
W3F3	9	2	4	1	9	8	24
W1:低水处理; W2:中水处理; W3:高水处理; F1:低氮处理; F2:中氮处理; F3:高氮处理。W1: low irrigation treatment; W2: medium irrigation treatment; W3: high irrigation treatment; F1: low nitrogen treatment; F2: medium nitrogen treatment; F3: high nitrogen treatment.

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表3待判水氮处理对各已知水氮处理相似度排序
Table3.Summarization of each known water and nitrogen treatment processing similarity by water and nitrogen treatment pending processing

编号Number	6	8	3	4	5	9	7	2	1
相似程度Similarity	18	18	21	22	23	24	25	27	34

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