刘艳芳,,
银超慧,
张紫怡
武汉大学资源与环境科学学院 武汉 430079
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFB0503500
详细信息
作者简介:曲胜秋, 主要研究方向为土地资源与土地管理。E-mail:qsq1919@163.com
通讯作者:刘艳芳, 主要研究方向为区域规划和经济地理研究及地理信息应用工程研究。E-mail:yfliu610@whu.edu.cn
中图分类号:F301.2计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-09-25
录用日期:2020-01-06
刊出日期:2020-04-01
Spatial pattern of cultivated land change in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015
QU Shengqiu,LIU Yanfang,,
YIN Chaohui,
ZHANG Ziyi
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Funds: This study was founded by the National Key R & D Program of China2017YFB0503500
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Corresponding author:LIU Yanfang, E-mail:yfliu610@whu.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:本文从图斑尺度探究福建省1990—2015年耕地变化的空间格局，除探讨耕地数量变化的空间特征外，重点挖掘耕地变化图斑个体空间属性特征和环境特征，旨在全面反映耕地变化情况，为政府进一步加强耕地保护提供建议。基于土地利用数据和DEM数据，运用数理统计和空间分析等方法，本文从耕地变化整体数量特征、耕地图斑变化属性特征和不同环境下耕地图斑变化特征3个方面开展研究。结果表明：1)2015年福建省耕地面积较1990年减少7.12%。从耕地净变化率空间分布看，耕地净流失区域不断扩大，但流失强度明显下降。25年来全省耕地转移动态度显著下降，反映耕地资源的稳定性提高；耕地转移动态度在空间上呈现东高西低的特点。2)1990—2015年福建省耕地变化图斑的分布方向一致，占用耕地图斑主要集中在东部沿海，而补充耕地图斑空间位置有所变化，逐步转移到东北和东南地区。占用和补充耕地图斑数量上趋于平衡，面积上存在“占大补小”的问题，形状上补充耕地图斑更规则。3)1990—2015年福建省耕地资源呈现出“上山” “上坡” “背阳” “远水”和“相对集中”的趋势。综上，福建省要继续遏制东部沿海地区的耕地流失，提高单块补充耕地的面积，并采取有效措施对海拔较低、坡度较低、向阳和灌溉条件较好的优质耕地进行保护。
Abstract:In order to provide references and arguments for changes in cultivated land quality and yield, and to provide suggestions for the government to further strengthen cultivated land protection, this study examined the spatial patterns of cultivated land change in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015, at the patch level. In addition to exploring the spatial characteristics of change in cultivated land quantity, this study further explored spatial attribute and environmental characteristics of cultivated land change map spots, aiming to comprehensively describe the changes of cultivated land. This research considered three aspects: the change characteristics of cultivated land quantity, the spatial attribute characteristics of cultivated land change map spots, and the environmental characteristics of cultivated land change map spots. Based on the DEM data and land use data of Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015, mathematical statistical analysis and spatial methods were employed to draw the following conclusions: 1) the area of cultivated land in Fujian Province decreased by 7.12% from 1990 to 2015. In terms of the spatial distribution of net change rate, the number of districts in which cultivated land was at a net loss state in Fujian Province increased during the period of 1990-2015, while the intensity of loss decreased significantly. In addition, from 1990 to 2015, the dynamic degree of cultivated land transfer had been a significant decline, which was reflected in the improvement of the stability of cultivated land resources in Fujian Province. Furthermore, high spots of dynamic degree of cultivated land transfer were distributed in the east, and low spots were distributed in the west. 2) The distribution direction of the occupied and supplemented cultivated land change patches in Fujian Province remained the same during the period of 1990-2015. The occupied cultivated land patches were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, while the position of the supplementary cultivated land patches changed significantly, gradually shifting to the northeast and southeast regions of Fujian Province. During the period of 1990-2015, the number of occupied and supplemented cultivated land patches in Fujian Province became more balanced. The area of supplementary cultivated land patches was smaller than that of occupied cultivated land patches, while the shape of supplementary cultivated land patches was more regular than that of occupied cultivated land patches. 3) The cultivated land resources in Fujian Province showed trends of "elevation rising" "slope rising" "shifting to shady slope" "away from water" and "relatively concentrated", during the period of 1990-2015. In summary, the protection of cultivated land in Fujian Province still needs to be strengthened. First of all, the government should further restrict the loss of cultivated land in the eastern part of Fujian Province. Secondly, if conditions permit, the area of each supplementary cultivated land should be increased as much as possible. Finally, the government should take effective measures to protect high-quality cultivated land with lower elevation, lower slope, and better light and irrigation conditions.
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图1福建省地形与地理位置示意图
Figure1.Topography and geographical map of Fujian Province
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图21990—2015年福建省耕地面积(a)及补充耕地和占用耕地面积(b)的变化
Figure2.Changes of area of total cultivated land (a) and areas of supplementary and occupied cultivated land (b) in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图31990—2015年福建省耕地净变化率空间分布
Figure3.Spatial distribution of net change rate of cultivated land areas in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图41990—2015年福建省耕地转移动态度变化
Figure4.Change of the dynamic degree of cultivated land transfer in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图51990—2015年福建省变化耕地图斑空间分布图
S-CL:补充耕地; O-CL:占用耕地。AWAC:面积加权平均中心; AWSDE:面积加权标准差椭圆。
Figure5.Spatial distribution of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015
S-CL: supplementary cultivated land; O-CL: occupied cultivated land. AWAC: area-weighted average center; AWSDE: area-weighted standard deviation ellipse.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图61990—2015年连片环境下福建省耕地图斑变化特征
QP-EOCL:扩大原有耕地数量比例; QP-NRCL:新开垦耕地数量比例; AP-EOCL:扩大原有耕地面积比例; AP-NRCL:新开垦耕地面积比例; AD(OCL & NRCL):新开垦耕地与原有耕地平均距离; QP-POCL:侵占部分原有耕地数量比例; QP-COCL:侵占整块原有耕地数量比例; AP-POCL:侵占部分原有耕地面积比例; AP-COCL:侵占整块原有耕地面积比例; AD(OCL & COCL):侵占整块耕地与原有耕地平均距离。
Figure6.Characteristics of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province under the conjoined environment from 1990 to 2015
QP-EOCL: the quantitative proportion of expanded original cultivated land; QP-NRCL: the quantitative proportion of new reclaimed cultivated land; AP-EOCL: the area proportion of expanded original cultivated land; AP-NRCL: the area proportion of new reclaimed cultivated land; AD(OCL & NRCL): the average distance between original cultivated land and new reclaimed cultivated land; QP-POCL: the quantitative proportion of partly occupied cultivated land; QP-COCL: the quantitative proportion of completely occupied cultivated land; AP-POCL: the area proportion of partly occupied cultivated land; AP-COCL: the area proportion of completely occupied cultivated land; AD(OCL & COCL): the average distance between original cultivated land and completely occupied cultivated land.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表11990—2015年福建省耕地变化图斑属性变化特征
Table1.Variation characteristics of attributes of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015
| 年份 Year | 类型 Type | 图斑数量 Patch number | 图斑平均面积 Average patch area (hm2) | 面积加权平均形状指数 Area-weighted average shape index |
| 1990—1995 | S-CL | 5 939 | 8.5 | 2.203 8 |
| O-CL | 5 160 | 10.6 | 2.141 5 | |
| 1995—2000 | S-CL | 3 191 | 4.3 | 2.022 5 |
| O-CL | 4 475 | 6.1 | 2.320 3 | |
| 2000—2005 | S-CL | 426 | 9.6 | 1.987 2 |
| O-CL | 2 703 | 31.3 | 2.692 1 | |
| 2005—2010 | S-CL | 593 | 9.2 | 2.196 1 |
| O-CL | 2 176 | 20.1 | 2.351 5 | |
| 2010—2015 | S-CL | 167 | 14.9 | 2.067 6 |
| O-CL | 750 | 29.8 | 2.362 9 | |
| S-CL:补充耕地; O-CL:占用耕地。S-CL: supplementary cultivated land; O-CL: occupied cultivated land. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表21990—2015年福建省不同高程耕地变化图斑分布情况
Table2.Distribution of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province on different elevations from 1990 to 2015
| 年份 Year | 类型 Type | 海拔平均数 Average of elevation (m) | 海拔中位数 Median of elevation (m) | 高程Elevation (m) | |||||||
| 0~300 | 300~600 | > 600 | |||||||||
| 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative Proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | ||||||
| 1990—1995 | S-CL | 439.64 | 416.64 | 33.76 | 40.35 | 39.31 | 35.54 | 26.93 | 24.11 | ||
| O-CL | 367.45 | 333.41 | 45.68 | 55.65 | 32.05 | 24.99 | 22.27 | 19.36 | |||
| 1995—2000 | S-CL | 410.12 | 369.88 | 39.27 | 42.27 | 35.92 | 31.04 | 24.80 | 26.69 | ||
| O-CL | 427.17 | 402.07 | 39.71 | 47.57 | 33.34 | 30.18 | 26.96 | 22.25 | |||
| 2000—2005 | S-CL | 432.03 | 388.12 | 37.57 | 23.85 | 34.18 | 38.25 | 28.25 | 37.90 | ||
| O-CL | 246.37 | 165.20 | 65.64 | 76.49 | 23.19 | 17.74 | 11.17 | 5.77 | |||
| 2005—2010 | S-CL | 402.66 | 384.12 | 40.22 | 22.59 | 36.45 | 60.07 | 23.34 | 17.34 | ||
| O-CL | 266.16 | 183.75 | 61.56 | 71.70 | 25.49 | 19.07 | 12.96 | 9.23 | |||
| 2010—2015 | S-CL | 301.02 | 202.60 | 58.94 | 75.37 | 21.85 | 14.84 | 19.21 | 9.79 | ||
| O-CL | 317.55 | 222.74 | 58.06 | 58.99 | 21.41 | 21.13 | 20.53 | 1.88 | |||
| S-CL:补充耕地; O-CL:占用耕地。S-CL: supplementary cultivated land; O-CL: occupied cultivated land. | |||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表31990—2015年福建省不同坡度耕地变化图斑分布情况
Table3.Distribution of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province under different slopes from 1990 to 2015
| 年份 Year | 类型 Type | 坡度平均数 Average of slope (°) | 坡度中位数 Median of slope (°) | 坡度Slope(°) | |||||||
| 0~15 | 15~25 | > 25 | |||||||||
| 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative Proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | ||||||
| 1990—1995 | S-CL | 16.92 | 17.04 | 39.81 | 40.66 | 45.83 | 50.53 | 14.36 | 8.81 | ||
| O-CL | 15.41 | 15.61 | 47.05 | 53.63 | 40.73 | 40.40 | 12.22 | 5.97 | |||
| 1995—2000 | S-CL | 16.67 | 16.49 | 42.56 | 39.37 | 42.50 | 50.84 | 14.94 | 9.79 | ||
| O-CL | 16.39 | 16.26 | 43.86 | 48.94 | 41.08 | 43.13 | 15.06 | 7.93 | |||
| 2000—2005 | S-CL | 16.05 | 16.09 | 45.76 | 31.91 | 38.42 | 59.32 | 15.82 | 8.77 | ||
| O-CL | 13.01 | 12.89 | 58.69 | 70.71 | 34.87 | 26.77 | 6.44 | 2.52 | |||
| 2005—2010 | S-CL | 16.46 | 16.48 | 43.99 | 14.81 | 39.32 | 79.38 | 16.69 | 5.81 | ||
| O-CL | 13.51 | 13.29 | 56.67 | 62.81 | 34.84 | 32.37 | 8.49 | 4.82 | |||
| 2010—2015 | S-CL | 13.40 | 12.88 | 56.95 | 63.80 | 35.10 | 33.20 | 7.95 | 3.00 | ||
| O-CL | 14.16 | 14.89 | 50.59 | 49.10 | 40.91 | 46.67 | 8.50 | 4.23 | |||
| S-CL:补充耕地; O-CL:占用耕地。S-CL: supplementary cultivated land; O-CL: occupied cultivated land. | |||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表41990—2015年福建省坡向环境下耕地图斑变化特征
Table4.Characteristics of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province under the aspect environment from 1990 to 2015
| 年份 Year | 类型 Type | 阳坡Sunny slope | 阴坡Shady slope | |||
| 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | |||
| 1990—1995 | S-CL | 65.78 | 85.32 | 11.42 | 1.77 | |
| O-CL | 69.37 | 87.90 | 9.77 | 2.50 | ||
| 1995—2000 | S-CL | 59.21 | 80.48 | 15.10 | 4.29 | |
| O-CL | 61.51 | 85.25 | 14.87 | 2.36 | ||
| 2000—2005 | S-CL | 59.32 | 91.12 | 20.34 | 0.40 | |
| O-CL | 81.69 | 93.15 | 4.57 | 2.21 | ||
| 2005—2010 | S-CL | 54.94 | 90.54 | 20.47 | 1.10 | |
| O-CL | 76.03 | 91.97 | 8.59 | 2.03 | ||
| 2010—2015 | S-CL | 74.83 | 91.33 | 9.27 | 0.70 | |
| O-CL | 83.58 | 90.72 | 2.49 | 2.21 | ||
| S-CL:补充耕地; O-CL:占用耕地。阳坡范围: 112.5°~247.5°; 阴坡范围: 0°~67.5°或292.5°~360°。S-CL: supplementary cultivated land; O-CL: occupied cultivated land. Range of sunny slope: 112.5°-247.5°; Range of shady slope: 0°-67.5°or 292.5°-360°. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表51990—2015年福建省邻水环境下耕地图斑变化特征
Table5.Characteristics of changed cultivated land patches in Fujian Province under the water environment from 1990 to 2015
| 年份 Year | 类型 Type | 距水源距离Distance from water (m) | |||||||
| 0~500 | 0~1 000 | 0~2 000 | |||||||
| 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 数量比例 Quantitative Proportion (%) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | ||||
| 1990—1995 | S-CL | 8.94 | 20.03 | 15.14 | 27.84 | 26.58 | 38.27 | ||
| O-CL | 14.26 | 25.08 | 22.48 | 33.60 | 37.71 | 47.84 | |||
| 1995—2000 | S-CL | 11.14 | 17.97 | 18.30 | 23.34 | 32.41 | 35.50 | ||
| O-CL | 9.39 | 24.09 | 16.43 | 35.59 | 29.08 | 47.66 | |||
| 2000—2005 | S-CL | 15.92 | 21.25 | 20.16 | 23.78 | 32.10 | 32.41 | ||
| O-CL | 27.71 | 47.05 | 38.89 | 56.59 | 56.87 | 72.19 | |||
| 2005—2010 | S-CL | 18.10 | 45.60 | 25.04 | 49.08 | 36.04 | 52.72 | ||
| O-CL | 25.00 | 37.10 | 36.86 | 51.01 | 57.33 | 70.51 | |||
| 2010—2015 | S-CL | 19.88 | 29.22 | 30.12 | 42.50 | 50.00 | 79.25 | ||
| O-CL | 28.04 | 36.55 | 40.72 | 46.06 | 58.48 | 63.83 | |||
| S-CL:补充耕地; O-CL:占用耕地。S-CL: supplementary cultivated land; O-CL: occupied cultivated land. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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