解婷婷^1,,
单立山^1,,,
苏培玺²
1.甘肃农业大学林学院 兰州 730070
2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室 兰州 730000
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31960245
甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金GAU-KYQD-2018-07
甘肃农业大学学科建设基金项目GAU-XKJS-2018-108
甘肃农业大学学科建设基金项目GAU-XKJS-2018-104

详细信息

作者简介:解婷婷, 主要从事干旱区植物生理生态学方面的研究。E-mail:xieting1026@126.com

通讯作者:单立山, 主要从事荒漠植物生态学方面的研究。E-mail:shanls@gsau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S181

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收稿日期:2019-11-08
录用日期:2020-02-10
刊出日期:2020-05-01

Effects of drought stress on cotton growth and intraspecific relationship under different nitrogen application rates

XIE Tingting^1,,
SHAN Lishan^1,,,
SU Peixi²
1. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Northwest Ecological and Environmental Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31960245
the Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Openly-Recruited Doctors of Gansu Agricultural UniversityGAU-KYQD-2018-07
the Special Funds for Discipline Construction of Gansu Agricultural UniversityGAU-XKJS-2018-108
the Special Funds for Discipline Construction of Gansu Agricultural UniversityGAU-XKJS-2018-104

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Corresponding author:SHAN Lishan, E-mail:shanls@gsau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:土壤水分和氮肥是影响荒漠绿洲区作物生长和种内关系的主要因素。为明确不同施氮量下干旱胁迫对棉花产量以及种内关系的影响，本研究以集群栽培（1穴3株）下棉花为研究对象，设置3种施氮量[300 kg（N）·hm^-2、225 kg（N）·hm^-2、150 kg（N）·hm^-2]和3种水分处理（正常水分、中度干旱胁迫、重度干旱胁迫），测定了不同处理下棉花的生长指标和棉花产量，分析了不同处理下棉花种内关系的变化。结果表明：1）同一施肥条件下，2016年和2017年棉花株高在重度干旱胁迫下显著降低，而茎粗随干旱胁迫加剧显著降低，但叶面积随干旱胁迫加剧却有所增加，且在中度干旱胁迫下的叶面积最大。2）同一施肥条件下，与正常水分相比，中度和重度干旱胁迫下棉花的茎秆生物量均显著下降；叶片生物量和籽棉产量在中度干旱胁迫下最高，在重度干旱胁迫下却降低。3）在当地施氮量300 kg·hm^-2下，随着干旱胁迫的加剧，相对邻体效应（relative neighbor effect，RNE）数值从正值变为负值；在氮肥减少处理（225 kg·hm^-2）下，随着干旱胁迫的加剧，RNE数值先升高后降低，而在施氮量为150 kg·hm^-2处理下，RNE数值随着干旱的加剧逐渐降低，且均为负值。总之，在当地施氮量和中度干旱胁迫下棉花能够获得较高的籽棉产量，且在此处理下棉花的种内关系为助长关系；其他处理均降低了棉花的产量，并使得棉花的种内关系转变为竞争关系。
关键词:棉花/
施氮量/
干旱胁迫/
生物产量/
种内关系
Abstract:Soil, water, and nitrogen fertilizer are the main factors which affect crop growth and intraspecific relationships in the desert oasis region, but little is known about the effects of drought stress on interspecific or intraspecific relationships under different nitrogen application rates. This study aimed to investigate the response of yield to drought stress under different nitrogen application rates and analyze changes in the intraspecific relationship of cotton under different treatments. A field experiment was conducted in Gansu Province of China, the growth parameters and yield of cotton were measured, and the changes in intraspecific relationships were analyzed under three nitrogen applications (300 kg·hm^-2, 225 kg·hm^-2 and 150 kg·hm^-2) and water treatments (normal water, moderate drought stress, and serious drought stress). The results showed that:1) under the same nitrogen application rate, the plant height of cotton significantly decreased under serious drought stress in 2016 and 2017, and the stem diameter significantly reduced as the drought stress intensified, but the leaf area increased slightly with increasing drought stress and was highest in moderate drought stress conditions. 2) The stem biomass significantly decreased in conjunction with decreased water conditions under the same nitrogen application rate, and the leaf biomass and seed cotton yield were highest under moderate drought stress, and decreased under serious drought stress. 3) Under the local nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm^-2, the relative neighbor effect (RNE) changed from positive to negative with increasing drought stress. The RNE first increased and then decreased with increasing drought stress under the 225 kg·hm^-2 treatment, and the RNE significantly reduced with increasing drought condition and the values were all negative in the 150 kg·hm^-2 treatment. In summary, the combination of local nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm^-2 and moderate drought stress resulted in high cotton yield, and intraspecific facilitation. The cotton yield decreased under the other treatments and the interactions all demonstrated intraspecific competition.
Key words:Cotton/
Nitrogen application rate/
Drought stress/
Biomass yield/
Intraspecific relationship

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图1不同施氮量处理干旱胁迫对集群栽培(1穴3株)棉花的株高、叶面积和茎粗的影响
F1、F2、F3分别指施氮量300 kg(N)·hm^-2(当地平均施氮量)、225 kg(N)·hm^-2和150 kg(N)·hm^-2; W1、W2、W3分别指正常水分、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫。不同小写字母表示同一施氮量下不同水分处理间差异在P < 0.05水平显著。
Figure1.Plant height, leaf area and stem diameter of cluster-cultivated cotton (3 plants in 1 hole) under different water and nitrogen treatments
F1, F2 and F3 represent the nitrogen application rates of 300 kg·hm^-2 (local average rate), 225 kg·hm^-2, 150 kg·hm^-2; W1, W2 and W3 represent the normal water, moderate drought stress and serious drought stress. Different lowercases indicate significant differences among different water treatments under the same nitrogen level at P < 0.05 level.


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图2水分和施氮处理下集群栽培(1穴3株)棉花茎秆和叶片生物量及籽棉产量
F1、F2、F3分别指施氮量300 kg(N)·hm^-2(当地平均施氮量)、225 kg(N)·hm^-2和150 kg(N)·hm^-2; W1、W2、W3分别指正常水分、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫。不同小写字母表示同一施氮量下不同水分处理间差异在P < 0.05水平上显著。
Figure2.Stem, leaf biomass and seed cotton yield of cluster-cultivated cotton (3 plants in 1 hole) under different water and nitrogen treatments
F1, F2 and F3 represent the nitrogen application rates of 300 kg·hm^-2 (local average rate), 225 kg·hm^-2 and 150 kg·hm^-2; W1, W2 and W3 represent the normal water, moderate drought stress and serious drought stress. Different lowercases indicate significant differences among different water treatments under the same nitrogen level at P < 0.05 level.


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图3不同施氮量下干旱胁迫对集群栽培(1穴3株)棉花相对邻体效应的影响
F1、F2、F3分别指施氮量300 kg(N)·hm^-2(当地平均施氮量)、225 kg(N)·hm^-2和150 kg(N)·hm^-2; W1、W2、W3分别指正常水分、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫。
Figure3.Effect of water stress on relative neighbor effect of cluster-cultivated cotton (3 plants in 1 hole) under different nitrogen treatments
F1, F2 and F3 represent the nitrogen application rates of 300 kg·hm^-2 (local average rate), 225 kg·hm^-2 and 150 kg·hm^-2; W1, W2 and W3 represent the normal water, moderate drought stress and serious drought stress.


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表1水分、施氮和年份对集群栽培(1穴3株)棉花生长指标的影响显著性分析
Table1.Results of 3-way ANOVA of the effects of water condition, nitrogen application rate and time on growth of cluster-cultivated cotton (3 plants in 1 hole)

处理?Treatment	df	株高?Plant height			叶面积?Leaf area			茎粗?Stem diameter
		F值F value	P值P value		F值F value	P值P value		F值F value	P值P value
水分?Water (W)	2	49.555	< 0.000 1		160.762	< 0.000 1		159.793	< 0.000 1
施氮?Nitrogen application (N)	2	213.788	< 0.000 1		199.839	< 0.000 1		624.959	< 0.000 1
年份?Year (Y)	1	16.124	< 0.000 1		1.958	0.170		7.747	< 0.010
水分×施氮?W × N	4	0.471	0.757		5.555	< 0.010		7.836	< 0.000 1
水分×年份?W × Y	2	0.314	0.733		0.664	0.521		0.005	0.995
施氮×年份?N × Y	2	0.095	0.910		0.452	0.640		0.074	0.929
水分×施氮×年份?W × N × Y	4	0.150	0.962		0.334	0.853		0.108	0.979

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表2水分、施氮和年份对集群栽培(1穴3株)棉花生物量的影响
Table2.Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on growth of cluster-cultivated cotton (3 plants in 1 hole)

处理?Treatment	df	茎秆生物量?Stem biomass			叶片生物量?Leaf biomass			籽棉产量?Seed cotton yield
		F值F value	P值P value		F值F value	P值P value		F值F value	P值P value
水分?Water (W)	2	371.916	< 0.000 1		32.886	< 0.000 1		357.081	< 0.000 1
施氮?Nitrogen application (N)	2	805.253	< 0.000 1		43.050	< 0.000 1		380.966	< 0.000 1
年份?Year (Y)	1	349.246	< 0.000 1		5.139	< 0.050		461.932	< 0.000 1
水分×施氮?W × N	4	8.882	< 0.000 1		2.496	0.060		12.260	< 0.000 1
水分×年份?W × Y	2	3.659	< 0.050		0.217	0.806		2.824	0.073
施氮×年份?N × Y	2	5.281	< 0.050		0.580	0.565		1.158	0.325
水分×施氮×年份?W × N × Y	4	5.686	< 0.010		0.062	0.993		1.829	0.145

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