王邵宇,
吴佳佳,
许开放,
汪涛,
何启方,
邢肖丽,
姚文政,
张文静,
安徽农业大学农学院 合肥 230061
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFD0300902
国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0300205
国家自然科学基金项目31801285
国家留学基金委项目201808775002
2018年安徽农业大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目XJDC2018216
详细信息
作者简介:汪敏, 主要从事农学方面研究。E-mail:2425448927@qq.com
通讯作者:张文静, 主要研究方向为小麦生理生态。E-mail:zhangwenjing79@126.com
中图分类号:S512.1计量
文章访问数:605
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-07-17
录用日期:2019-08-20
刊出日期:2020-01-01
Effects of shading and waterlogging following anthesis on starch synthesis and dry matter accumulation in wheat grain
WANG Min,WANG Shaoyu,
WU Jiajia,
XU Kaifang,
WANG Tao,
HE Qifang,
XING Xiaoli,
YAO Wenzheng,
ZHANG Wenjing,
College of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Plan of China2018YFD0300902
the National Key Research and Development Plan of China2017YFD0300205
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31801285
the Project of China Scholarship Council201808775002
the College Students' Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Anhui Agricultural UniversityXJDC2018216
More Information
Corresponding author:ZHANG Wenjing, E-mail:zhangwenjing79@126.com
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摘要
摘要:针对长江中下游小麦开花期常遇连阴雨导致减产的现象，研究阴雨寡照对小麦籽粒淀粉合成和干物质积累的影响，旨在为该地区小麦抗逆稳产栽培提供理论依据。选用长江中下游小麦主栽品种‘扬麦18’（受渍迟钝型）和‘皖麦52’（受渍敏感型）为试验材料，在小麦开花后设置7 d、11 d和15 d的渍水遮阴处理，研究渍水遮阴对小麦籽粒发育过程中淀粉合成相关酶活性及淀粉、干物质积累的影响。结果表明，渍水遮阴处理后，小麦籽粒中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）和结合态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）活性在灌浆前期（花后10~15 d）与对照差异不显著，随着灌浆进程的推进，渍水遮阴处理与对照之间差异增大。灌浆中期（花后20 d）小麦籽粒中AGPase和SSS活性达到峰值时，渍水遮阴处理11 d、15 d的‘扬麦18’和‘皖麦52’籽粒中AGPase活性分别较对照下降1%、10%和11%、24%，SSS活性则下降5%、11%和9%、32%，且渍水遮阴处理11 d和15 d的小麦籽粒中SSS和GBSS活性在灌浆后期显著低于对照。用Logistic方程分别拟合籽粒淀粉和干物质的积累，花后渍水遮阴处理缩短了籽粒灌浆缓增期，降低了小麦籽粒灌浆的平均速率、淀粉积累的最大速率及平均速率，减少了籽粒淀粉和干物质的积累量。同时，渍水遮阴处理降低了小麦穗粒数和千粒重，使产量显著下降。随着渍水遮阴处理时间的延长，小麦籽粒中淀粉合成相关酶活性、干物质积累量及产量的下降幅度越大。迟钝型品种‘扬麦18’各指标的下降幅度均小于敏感型品种‘皖麦52’。小麦开花后渍水遮阴处理降低了籽粒中AGPase、SSS和GBSS活性，不利于籽粒淀粉合成及干物质的积累，导致产量下降显著。
关键词:小麦/
渍水/
遮阴/
淀粉合成酶活性/
灌浆特征/
淀粉积累特性/
干物质积累/
产量
Abstract:Focusing on the reduced wheat yield caused by continuous rain following anthesis in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of shading and waterlogging on starch synthesis and dry matter accumulation in wheat grains, to provide information regarding adverse resistance cultivation and stable yield of wheat in the area. Two wheat varieties - 'Yangmai 18' (waterlogging-insensitive type) and 'Wanmai 52' (waterlogging-sensitive type) - that are domain varieties in the Yangtze River Basin of China were selected to investigate the effects of 7-, 11-, and 15-day shading and waterlogging treatments following anthesis on starch synthesis and dry matter accumulation in wheat grains. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the control and shading and waterlogging treatments in terms of the activities of adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphate (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS), and bound starch synthase (GBSS) in wheat grains during the earlier grain-filling stage (10-15 days after anthesis). However, with the development of the grain-filling process, the difference between the control and shading and waterlogging treatments increased. In the mid-grain-filling stage (20 days after anthesis), when the activities of the three key enzymes were highest. The 11-and 15-day shading and waterlogging treatments decreased the activity of AGPase in wheat grain by 1% and 10% for 'Yangmai 18', and by 11% and 24% for 'Wanmai 52', respectively. Further, the activity of SSS was decreased by 5% and 11% for 'Yangmai 18', and 9%, 32% for 'Wanmai 52', respectively, compared with the control. In addition, the activities of SSS and GBSS under 11-and 15-day shading and waterlogging treatments were significantly lower than those in the control during the late grain-filling stage. Simulating the process of starch accumulation and grain filling with a Logistic equation showed that compared with the control, the shading and waterlogging treatments shortened the duration of the slow increasing stage and decreased the average grain-filling rate, average and peak starch accumulation rates, and cumulative wheat starch and dry matter amounts. Simultaneously, the shading and waterlogging treatments decreased the grain number and 1000-kernel weight of wheat, thereby lowering the yield. The extented shading and waterlogging treatments duration induced a decline in the activities of SSS and GBSS as well as the starch and dry matter accumulation amount in wheat grains and yield. The waterlogging-insensitive variety 'Yangmai 18' showed slight decreases compared with the waterlogging-sensitive variety 'Wanmai 52' in each index. Shading and waterlogging stresses following anthesis of wheat decreased the activities of AGPase, SSS, and GBSS and affected the starch and dry matter accumulation in wheat grains, thereby leading to yield loss.
Key words:Wheat/
Waterlogging/
Shading/
Starch synthase activity/
Grain-filling characteristic/
Starch accumulation characteristic/
Dry matter accumulation/
Grain yield
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图1试验期间试验区的降雨量、日照时数和平均温度
Figure1.Average daily temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours in the study area during the experiment
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2花后渍水遮阴对不同小麦品种籽粒腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性的影响
WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure2.Effects of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis on adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities in grains of different wheat varieties
WS7, WS11 and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3花后渍水遮阴对不同小麦品种籽粒可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性的影响
WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure3.Effects of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis on soluble starch synthase (SSS) activities in grains of different wheat varieties
WS7, WS11 and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4花后渍水遮阴对不同小麦品种籽粒结合态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性的影响
WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure4.Effects of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis on granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activities in grains of different wheat varieties
WS7, WS11, and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5花后渍水遮阴对不同小麦品种籽粒淀粉含量的影响
WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure5.Effects of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis on the starch accumulation in grains of different wheat varieties
WS7, WS11, and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1花后渍水遮阴处理下不同小麦品种籽粒淀粉积累曲线拟合和特征参数
Table1.Simulation equations of starch accumulation and characteristic parameters of grains of different wheat varieties under shading and waterlogging treatments
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 模拟方程 Simulative equation | 决定系数(r2) Decision coefficient | Tmax (d) | D (d) | Rmax (μg·g-1·d-1) | Rmean (μg·g-1·d-1) |
| 扬麦18 Yangmai 18 | CK | W=848.31/(1+eln88.74-0.26t) | 0.989* | 17.41 | 25.93 | 54.65 | 32.71 |
| WS7 | W=769.17/(1+eln77.24-0.23t) | 0.983* | 18.71 | 28.17 | 44.67 | 27.31 | |
| WS11 | W=705.93/(1+eln88.73-0.24t) | 0.980* | 18.69 | 27.86 | 42.34 | 25.34 | |
| WS15 | W=643.83/(1+eln86.21-0.24t) | 0.975* | 18.44 | 27.53 | 38.90 | 23.39 | |
| 皖麦52 Wanmai 52 | CK | W=844.64/(1+eln111.2-0.27t) | 0.989* | 17.22 | 25.26 | 57.75 | 33.44 |
| WS7 | W=744.17/(1+eln61.02-0.23t) | 0.992** | 18.15 | 27.86 | 42.12 | 26.71 | |
| WS11 | W=690.49/(1+eln57.43-0.22t) | 0.987* | 18.55 | 28.62 | 37.69 | 24.13 | |
| WS15 | W=613.02/(1+eln64.18-0.23t) | 0.983* | 18.15 | 27.73 | 35.14 | 22.10 | |
| WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 字母W、t、Tmax、D、Rmax、Rmean分别代表淀粉积累量、花后天数、籽粒淀粉达最大积累速率的时间、淀粉积累活跃生长期、淀粉积累最大速率和平均速率。WS7, WS11, and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively; W, t, Tmax, D, Rmax, Rmean represent starch accumulation, days after anthesis, time to maximum starch accumulation rate, starch actively-increasing accumulation duration, maximum starch accumulation rate, mean starch accumulation rate, respectively. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2花后渍水遮阴处理下不同小麦品种籽粒灌浆曲线拟合和灌浆参数
Table2.Simulation equations of grain filling process and grain filling characteristic parameters of grains of different wheat varieties under shading and waterlogging treatments
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 模拟方程 Simulative equation | 决定系数(r2) Decision coefficient | 千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T (d) | Vt (g·d-1) |
| 扬麦18 Yangmai18 | CK | y=51.31/(1+eln22.52-0.21t) | 0.997** | 50.45a | 8.56 | 12.54 | 15.61 | 36.71 | 1.39 |
| WS7 | y=46.06/(1+eln35.26-0.24t) | 0.999** | 45.75ab | 9.35 | 10.97 | 13.66 | 33.99 | 1.35 | |
| WS11 | y=40.94/(1+eln63.17-0.27t) | 0.998** | 40.64bc | 10.47 | 9.75 | 12.14 | 32.37 | 1.26 | |
| WS15 | y=39.13/(1+eln46.18-0.22t) | 0.991** | 38.53c | 11.43 | 11.97 | 14.90 | 38.31 | 1.02 | |
| 皖麦52 Wanmai52 | CK | y=49.2/(1+eln31.14-0.23t) | 0.998** | 48.07a | 9.22 | 11.45 | 14.25 | 34.93 | 1.41 |
| WS7 | y=42.99/(1+eln50.16-0.25t) | 0.997** | 42.65b | 10.39 | 10.53 | 13.11 | 34.04 | 1.26 | |
| WS11 | y=41.62/(1+eln85.88-0.27t) | 0.995** | 40.62b | 11.61 | 9.75 | 12.14 | 33.51 | 1.24 | |
| WS15 | y=31.06/(1+eln43.58-0.24t) | 0.991** | 30.02c | 10.24 | 10.97 | 13.65 | 34.87 | 0.89 | |
| WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。字母y、t、T、T1、T2、T3、Vt分别代表千粒重、花后天数和籽粒灌浆的持续天数、渐增期、快增期、缓增期、平均灌浆速率。WS7, WS11 and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among water control treatments at 0.05 level. y, t, T, T1, T2, T3, Vt represent 1000-kernel weight, days after anthesis, period of grain filling; duration of gradual rapid, rapid and slow increasing stages; and the mean filling rate, respectively. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3花后渍水遮阴对不同小麦品种产量构成的影响
Table3.Effects of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis on yield and yield components of different wheat varieties
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 单株穗数 Spikes per plant | 穗粒数 Kernels per ear | 千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g) | 单株产量 Yield per plant (g) |
| 扬麦18 Yangmai18 | CK | 3.33±0.33a | 54.33±1.20a | 50.45±1.41a | 8.22±0.32a |
| WS7 | 2.67±0.33a | 53.33±0.88ab | 45.75±2.38ab | 6.39±0.59b | |
| WS11 | 2.67±0.33a | 50.67±0.88b | 40.64±0.74bc | 6.33±0.43b | |
| WS15 | 2.33±0.33a | 45.33±0.67c | 38.53±1.39c | 4.31±0.33c | |
| 皖麦52 Wanmai52 | CK | 2.67±0.33a | 53.33±0.88a | 48.07±0.72a | 7.64±0.13a |
| WS7 | 2.67±0.33a | 52.33±1.76a | 42.65±1.46ab | 6.73±0.14b | |
| WS11 | 2.67±0.33a | 49.67±0.67a | 40.62±1.31bc | 5.34±0.19c | |
| WS15 | 2.33±0.33a | 40.67±1.20b | 30.02±1.11c | 3.11±0.09d | |
| WS7、WS11和WS15分别表示花后渍水遮阴处理7 d、11 d和15 d; 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。WS7, WS11, and WS15 represent treatments of shading and waterlogging treatments after anthesis for 7 days, 11 days, and 15 days, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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