任丽,
尹焕丽,
郭娅,
王海标,
张倩,
王宜伦,
河南农业大学资源与环境学院 郑州 450002
基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划项目2015BAD23B02
详细信息
作者简介:李岚涛, 主要从事作物养分精准管理方面研究。E-mail:lilantao@henau.edu.cn
通讯作者:王宜伦, 主要从事作物营养与高效施肥技术方面研究。E-mail:wangyilunrl@henau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S146;S513计量
文章访问数:520
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-03-27
录用日期:2019-06-14
刊出日期:2019-11-01
Effects of nitrogen application methodologies on yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in a summer maize (Zea mays)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation system
LI Lantao,REN Li,
YIN Huanli,
GUO Ya,
WANG Haibiao,
ZHANG Qian,
WANG Yilun,
College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Funds: National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China2015BAD23B02
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Corresponding author:Corresponding author. E-mail:wangyilunrl@henau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:为明确适宜豫北平原夏玉米-冬小麦一体化种植的高效施氮管理模式，2016-2017年分别在豫北典型高产田区河南省鹤壁市和中产田区河南省原阳县开展了夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作不同施氮模式对夏玉米与冬小麦产量、氮素吸收和利用效率影响的田间试验。共设5种处理：不施氮肥（T1）、普通尿素按210 kg（N）·hm-2一次性基施（T2）、普通尿素分次施用且总施氮量同T2（T3）、控释尿素与普通尿素配比氮素减量施用（T4）和控释尿素与普通尿素配比氮素足量施用（T5）。分别于夏玉米和冬小麦关键生育期测试叶片SPAD值、植株与籽粒氮含量及生物量等氮营养指标，并于成熟期测定产量和产量构成因子，分析计算植株氮积累量与吸收利用特征。结果表明，处理间，高、中产区夏玉米与冬小麦产量、产量构成因子及氮素营养指标整体变化趋势均为T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1。产区间，各处理夏玉米和冬小麦产量性状及氮营养指标均表现为高产区显著优于中产区。综合各处理平均值，高产区夏玉米产量、植株氮含量和氮素积累量相比于中产区分别平均提高58.0%、19.2%和47.1%，冬小麦增幅则分别为34.7%、33.3%和85.9%。氮利用效率方面，高、中产田在氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率和100 kg籽粒需氮量变化趋势均表现为T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1，处理间差异显著；氮素收获指数则与此相反。豫北平原夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作制在作物稳产甚至增产条件下，采用尿素与缓释氮肥掺混配施的氮肥优化施用模式不仅可有效减少肥料用量，还能显著提升肥料利用率，降低氮肥损失。
Abstract:This research was conducted to explore an appropriate nitrogen (N) management pattern for a summer maize (Zea mays)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation system (SM-WW) and to study the effects of N application methodologies on crop yields and N use efficiencies in a SM-WW in high and medium yield areas of Henan Province, North China. An appropriate N management strategy was analyzed and established in this study. The detailed N application strategies for the SM-WW were as follows:(i) no N application (T1); (ii) one-off application of urea with the rate of 210 kg(N)·hm-2 (T2); (iii) fractional application of urea with the rate of 210 kg(N)·hm-2 (T3); (iv) combined application of controlled-release N fertilizer with urea at the rate of 180 kg (N)·hm-2 for wheat and 195 kg (N)·hm-2 for maize (T4); (v) combined application of controlled-release N fertilizer with urea at the rate of 210 kg(N)·hm-2 for wheat and maize (T5). The Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter (Minolta Camera Co., Japan) was used to determine SPAD values. Plant and/or grain N content and biomass were measured at different growth stages for the SM-WW and used to calculate different N indicators. Results showed that N fertilization methodologies could significantly affect the yield, yield components, and N indicators among the five treatments, with the overall trend being T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. Moreover, the yield and N parameters in high-yield area were significantly higher than those in medium-yield area. Compared with the medium-yield condition, the average values among the five treatments for yield, plant N content, and accumulation increased by 58.0%, 19.2%, and 47.1% for maize and 34.7%, 33.3%, and 85.9% for wheat, respectively, under high-yield conditions. Regarding the N use efficiencies, from T1 to T5, apparent N use efficiency, agronomic N use efficiency, and N absorption amount for producing 100 kg of grain were increased both in the high-and medium-yield areas. However, the opposite trend was found for N harvest index. The results showed that an optimal N fertilization treatment, such as T4 or T5, had great potential in improving N use efficiency without adversely affecting grain yield and could be an appropriate model of N nutrient application during the SM-WW in Henan Province, China.
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图1氮肥施用模式对高产区和中产区夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作系统作物产量的影响
各处理具体介绍见表 2。小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。NS和***分别表示试验地点、处理及其交互作用不显著和在0.001水平上显著。
Figure1.Effects of nitrogen application methods on crop yields of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in high- and medium-yield areas
Detailed information of treatments was shown in Table 2. Different letters above columns mean significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05). NS and *** represent not significant effect, significant effect at 0.001 probability levels, respectively, of experimental sites, treatments and theirs interactions.
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图2氮肥施用模式对高产区和中产区夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作系统各生育期作物叶片SPAD值的影响
各处理具体介绍见表 2。NS、**和***分别表示试验地点、处理及其交互作用不显著、在0.01和0.001水平上显著。
Figure2.Effects of nitrogen application methods on SPAD values at different growth stages of crops of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in high- and medium-yield areas
Detailed information of treatments is shown in Table 2. NS, ** and *** represent not significant effect, significant effect at 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively, of experimental sites, treatments and theirs interactions.
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图3氮肥施用模式对高产区和中产区夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作系统作物植株和籽粒氮含量的影响
各处理具体介绍见表 2。图 3a-d的右侧图为夏玉米和冬小麦生殖生长期籽粒氮含量。柱图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure3.Effects of nitrogen application methods on plant and grain nitrogen contents of crops of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in high- and medium-yield areas
Detailed information of treatments is shown in Table 2. The right side charts in figure 3a-d show the grain nitrogen contents of summer maize and winter wheat at reproduction stage. In two column figures, different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05.
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图4氮肥施用模式对高产区和中产区夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作系统各作物植株和籽粒氮积累量的影响
各处理具体介绍见表 2。图 4a-d的右侧图为夏玉米和冬小麦生殖生长期籽粒氮积累量。NS、*、**和***分别表示试验地点、处理及其交互作用不显著、在0.05、0.01和0.001水平上显著。柱图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure4.Effects of nitrogen application methods on plant and grain nitrogen accumulation of crops of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in high- and medium-yield areas
Detailed information of treatments is shown in Table 2. The right side charts in figure 4a-d show the grain nitrogen accumulation of summer maize and winter wheat at reproduction stage. In two column figures, different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05. NS, *, ** and *** represent not significant effect, significant effect at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively, of experimental sites, treatments and theirs interactions.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1供试地土壤基本理化性质
Table1.Soil physical-chemical properties of the experimental sites
| 地点Site | pH | 有机质Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮Total N (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮Available N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷Available P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾Available K (mg·kg-1) |
| 高产区High-yield condition | 7.3 | 23.0 | 1.26 | 87.9 | 36.8 | 166.3 |
| 中产区Medium-yield condition | 7.8 | 15.4 | 0.82 | 72.9 | 18.9 | 106.0 |
下载: 导出CSV表2试验各处理具体信息
Table2.Detailed information of different treatments in the experiment
| 处理Treatment | 具体信息Detail information |
| T1 | 不施氮肥No N application |
| T2 | 普通尿素一次性基施, 施氮量为210 kg(N)·hm-2 One-off application of urea with the rate of 210 kg(N)·hm-2 |
| T3 | 普通尿素分次施用, 施氮量为210 kg(N)·hm-2 Fractional application of urea with the rate of 210 kg(N)·hm-2 |
| T4 | 控释尿素与普通尿素配比施用模式之氮素减量施用, 冬小麦季和夏玉米季施氮量分别为180 kg(N)·hm-2和210 kg(N)·hm-2 Combined application of controlled-release N fertilizer and urea with the rate of 180 kg(N)·hm-2 for winter wheat and 195 kg(N)·hm-2 for summer maize |
| T5 | 控释尿素与普通尿素配比施用模式之氮素足量施用, 冬小麦季和夏玉米季施氮量均为210 kg(N)·hm-2 Combined application of controlled-release N fertilizer and urea with the rate of 210 kg(N)·hm-2 for winter wheat and summer maize |
下载: 导出CSV表3氮肥施用模式对高产区和中产区夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作系统作物产量构成因子的影响
Table3.Effects of nitrogen application methods on yield components of crops of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in high- and medium-yield areas
| 地点Site | 处理Treatment | 夏玉米Summer maize | 冬小麦Winter wheat | ||||
| 穗粒数Grains per spike | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | 穗数Pike number (106·hm-2) | 穗粒数Grain per spike | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | |||
| 高产区High-yield area | T1 | 542.1b | 320.4a | 4.6c | 46.1c | 48.6a | |
| T2 | 569.1ab | 319.0a | 5.3bc | 49.6b | 48.0a | ||
| T3 | 572.7a | 318.3a | 5.4ab | 50.6ab | 46.4a | ||
| T4 | 578.1a | 321.1a | 5.5ab | 51.1ab | 46.6a | ||
| T5 | 586.3a | 319.9a | 6.0a | 52.9a | 45.7a | ||
| 中产区Medium- yield area | T1 | 413.7b | 267.6b | 4.3b | 38.2b | 51.3a | |
| T2 | 442.7a | 301.3a | 5.0b | 43.8a | 50.7a | ||
| T3 | 437.0ab | 292.0ab | 5.1a | 44.1a | 49.7a | ||
| T4 | 446.0a | 291.8ab | 5.2a | 45.4a | 50.5a | ||
| T5 | 460.0a | 295.4ab | 5.4a | 47.7a | 49.1a | ||
| ANOVA | |||||||
| 地点Site (S) | *** | * | ** | *** | ** | ||
| 处理Treatment (T) | ** | NS | *** | *** | NS | ||
| S × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| ????各处理具体介绍见表 2。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。NS、*、**和***分别表示试验地点、处理及其交互作用不显著、在0.05、0.01和0.001水平上显著。Detailed information of treatments is shown in Table 2. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column of the same site are significantly different (P < 0.05). NS, *, ** and *** represent not significant effect, significant effect at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively, of experimental sites, treatments and theirs interactions. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4氮肥施用模式对高产区和中产区夏玉米-冬小麦周年轮作系统作物氮素利用率的影响
Table4.Effects of nitrogen application methods on nitrogen use efficiencies of crops of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in high- and medium-yield areas
| 地点Site | 处理Treatment | 夏玉米Summer maize | 冬小麦Winter wheat | |||||||
| 氮肥表观 利用率Apparent use efficiency of N (%) | 氮肥农学效率Agronomic efficiency of N (kg·kg-1) | 100 kg籽粒 需氮量N amount for producing 100 kg grains (g) | 氮素收获指数N harvest index | 氮肥表观 利用率Apparent use efficiency of N (%) | 氮肥农学效率Agronomic efficiency of N (kg·kg-1) | 100 kg籽粒 需氮量N amount for producing 100 kg grains (g) | 氮素收获指数N harvest index | |||
| 高产区High- yield area | T1 | — | — | 1.61e | 0.65c | — | — | 2.77c | 0.67b | |
| T2 | 18.9d | 7.3c | 1.75d | 0.64bc | 24.2c | 9.1c | 2.75c | 0.71a | ||
| T3 | 34.8c | 11.9b | 1.88c | 0.63ab | 38.9b | 9.7bc | 3.02b | 0.69ab | ||
| T4 | 61.0b | 16.6a | 2.09b | 0.60a | 55.3a | 11.9ab | 3.16a | 0.68b | ||
| T5 | 74.5a | 17.3a | 2.34a | 0.59a | 60.4a | 13.8a | 3.20a | 0.67b | ||
| 中产区Medium- yield area | T1 | — | — | 1.26c | 0.74ab | — | — | 2.58d | 0.76a | |
| T2 | 18.7d | 3.1c | 1.70b | 0.75a | 19.7d | 5.8c | 2.71c | 0.78a | ||
| T3 | 25.1c | 7.1b | 1.70b | 0.73ab | 26.9c | 7.1bc | 2.82bc | 0.77a | ||
| T4 | 35.4b | 8.6ab | 1.82a | 0.71bc | 37.8b | 8.1ab | 2.89bc | 0.76a | ||
| T5 | 39.2a | 10.4a | 1.90a | 0.69c | 44.5a | 9.1a | 3.13a | 0.75a | ||
| ANOVA | ||||||||||
| 地点Site (S) | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | ||
| 处理Treatment (T) | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | NS | ||
| S × T | ** | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| ????各处理具体介绍见表 2。同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一地点不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。NS、**和***分别表示试验地点、处理及其交互作用不显著、在0.01和0.001水平上显著。Detailed information of treatments is shown in Table 2. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column of the same site are significantly different (P < 0.05). NS, ** and *** represent not significant effect, significant effect at 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively, of experimental sites, treatments and theirs interactions. | ||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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