冯铃洋,
MuhammadAli Raza,
范元芳,
谌俊旭,
雍太文,
杨文钰,,
杨峰,
四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心 成都 611130
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300209
国家自然科学基金项目31571615
四川省教育厅重点项目16ZA0041
详细信息
作者简介:陈元凯, 主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail:1838866709@qq.com
通讯作者:杨文钰, 主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术研究, E-mail:mssiwyyang@sicau.edu.cn
杨峰, 主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术研究, E-mail:f.yang@sicau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S565.1计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-11-23
录用日期:2019-02-24
刊出日期:2019-06-01
Effect of maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system on soybean morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield in Sichuan area
CHEN Yuankai,FENG Lingyang,
MUHAMMAD Ali Raza,
FAN Yuanfang,
CHEN Junxu,
YONG Taiwen,
YANG Wenyu,,
YANG Feng,
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0300209
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31571615
the Major Project of Education Department of Sichuan16ZA0041
More Information
Corresponding author:YANG Wenyu, E-mail:mssiwyyang@sicau.edu.cn;YANG Feng, E-mail:f.yang@sicau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:玉米/大豆带状套作可以充分利用光环境，提高单位土地面积物质产出。为探明玉米/大豆带状复合种植模式下不同空间配置对大豆冠层光环境、形态、产量及系统效益的影响，进而为大豆高产优质栽培提供依据，本研究选用半紧凑型（‘川单418’）和紧凑型（‘荣玉1210’）玉米品种与大豆带状套作，固定带宽为200 cm，玉米采用宽窄行种植，玉米窄行距设置3个处理：20 cm、40 cm、60 cm；并以单作大豆（SS）作为对照。分析透光率、形态、光合色素、荧光参数、生物量和系统产量的变化规律。结果表明：套作大豆冠层透光率、红光/远红光（R/FR）比值随玉米窄行距的增大而逐渐降低；套作下大豆茎粗、节数、茎干重和全叶干重均随玉米窄行距增大呈降低趋势，最大值出现在玉米窄行距20 cm处理下；与单作大豆相比，两个玉米品种下大豆茎粗、节数、茎干重和全叶干重均显著降低，而第2节间长和主茎长显著升高。套作下大豆叶片光合色素含量随玉米窄行距的增大而逐渐降低，各行距处理及不同玉米品种下套作的叶片光合色素含量均低于单作大豆。大豆叶片荧光参数Fv/Fm、NPQ、Fq'Fm'和Fq'/Fv'随玉米窄行距的增大均呈先增大后减小的趋势，而Fo变化趋势与之相反。玉米收获后，大豆光环境得到改善并迅速恢复生长，套作大豆形态生理指标与单作差异减小，但由于前期玉米的遮荫，各套作处理间大豆产量差异仍显著。通过系统效益分析，在玉米窄行距40 cm处理下，套作系统综合产量最高，两玉米品种下玉米、大豆产量平均分别为8 559.52 kg·hm-2、1 717.60 kg·hm-2，土地当量比平均达1.57。本试验中大豆与两个株型玉米套作，大豆形态生理指标差异影响不显著。因此，选择紧凑或半紧凑玉米品种，适度缩小玉米窄行距可以显著改善带状套作大豆的生长环境，提高其生物量和产量。
关键词:四川地区/
玉米/大豆带状套作/
玉米品种/
玉米行距/
大豆形态生理特征/
系统产量
Abstract:Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can make efficient use of light and land resources to improve yield per unit of land area. The research was conducted to explore the influence of row spacing of maize on the soybean canopy light environment and morphological traits. Two maize varieties, semi-compact (Chuandan 418) and compact (Rongyu 1210), were used to study the efficient utilization of land resources to enhance yield and yield components. Three arrangements of 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm of maize narrow row spacing were set with same width of strip intercropping (SI) belt and soybean row spacing. Solely soybean with a fixed strip width of 200 cm was planted as a control. The light transmittance, morphology, photosynthetic pigment, fluorescence parameters, biomass of soybean and grain yield of both maize and soybean were analyzed. The results showed that the light transmittance and red light/far-red light (R/FR) ratio of the soybean canopy decreased with an increasing narrow row spacing of maize. The same trend was visible in the stem diameter, node number, and dry matter of stem and leaves. The maximum values were measured in the maize narrow row spacing width of 20 cm. Compared with the control, the stem diameter, node number, dry matter of stem and leaves of soybean were significantly reduced under intercropping with two maize varieties, while the second internode length and main stem length of soybean were significantly increased. Photosynthetic pigments contents in intercropped soybean leaves gradually decreased with the increase of narrow row spacing of maize, and were lower than monocultured soybean. The fluorescence parameters of soybean leaves of Fv/Fm, NPQ, Fq'/Fm', and Fq'/Fv' first increased and then decreased, while a reverse trend was visible for Fo with the increase of narrow row spacing of maize. The soybean rapidly recovered after exposure to a full light environment by harvesting the maize crop. The difference in soybean morphological and physiological indexes between intercropping and monoculture was reduced. However, owing to the shading effect of maize in the early growth stage, a significant difference in the grain yield was observed between different intercropping treatments. A benefit analysis of the maize/soybean intercropping system demonstrated that the comprehensive yield was the highest for a narrow row spacing arrangement of maize (40 cm). The yield of maize and soybean were on average 8 559.52 kg·hm-2 and 1 717.60 kg·hm-2, respectively. The average land equivalent ratio was 1.57. There was no significant effect on soybean morphological and physiological indexes under intercropping conditions between both types of maize in this experiment. It can be concluded that selecting compact or semi-compact maize varieties and moderately reducing the narrow row spacing of maize can significantly improve the growth of soybean in a maize/soybean strip intercropping system, and result in higher biomass and yield.
Key words:Sichuan area/
Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping/
Maize variety/
Maize row spacing/
Morphological characteristics of soybean/
System yield
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图1不同玉米行距处理下玉米/大豆带状套作种植结构示意图
Figure1.Sketch maps of maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems under different treatments of maize row spacing
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同玉米行距和玉米品种对玉米大豆共生期内大豆冠层透光率(a)和R/FR值(b)的影响
不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平上差异显著。A1和A2分别为玉米品种‘川单418’和‘荣玉1210’; B1、B2和B3表示玉米/大豆带状套作中玉米窄行距分别为20 cm、40 cm和60 cm。SS表示单作大豆。
Figure2.Effect of different maize row spacing and maize varieties on PAR transmittance (a) and ratio between the spectral irradiance of R light and FR light (b) of the canopy of soybean at maize/soybean symbiosis period
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. A1 and A2 are maize varieties of 'Chuandan 418' and 'Rongyu 1210'. B1, B2 and B3 mean narrow row spacing of maize of 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems. SS means sole soybean planting.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同玉米行距和玉米品种对大豆不同生育期形态指标的影响
Table1.Effect of different maize row spacing and maize varieties on the morphological index of intercropped soybean at different growth stages
| 处理 Treatment | 五叶期?Fifth trifoliolate | 盛荚期?Full pod | ||||||||
| 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 节数 Internode number | 第2节间长 Length of the 2nd internode (cm) | 主茎长 Main stem length (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 节数 Internode number | 第2节间长 Length of the 2nd internode (cm) | 主茎长 Main stem length (cm) | 分枝数 Branching number | ||
| A1B1 | 4.58b | 11b | 8.39c | 48.56c | 8.72b | 16b | 10.06c | 79.33b | 5b | |
| A1B2 | 3.82c | 9c | 10.32b | 52.89b | 8.28c | 14c | 11.56b | 82.64b | 4b | |
| A1B3 | 2.91d | 8c | 12.53a | 56.87a | 7.67d | 13c | 12.89a | 85.11a | 4b | |
| A2B1 | 4.23b | 10b | 8.65c | 50.11c | 8.42b | 15b | 10.39b | 81.12b | 4b | |
| A2B2 | 3.71c | 9bc | 10.47b | 53.33b | 8.17bc | 14b | 11.94a | 83.04a | 4b | |
| A2B3 | 3.27d | 8c | 12.00a | 55.76a | 7.91c | 14b | 12.11a | 84.46a | 4b | |
| SS | 9.57a | 15a | 5.17d | 41.04d | 12.23a | 24a | 5.33c | 69.11c | 7a | |
| 不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平上差异显著。A1和A2分别为玉米品种‘川单418’和‘荣玉1210’; B1、B2和B3表示玉米/大豆带状套作中玉米窄行距分别为20 cm、40 cm和60 cm。SS表示单作大豆。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. A1 and A2 are maize varieties of ‘Chuandan 418’ and ‘Rongyu 1210’. B1, B2 and B3 mean narrow row spacing of maize of 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems. SS means sole soybean planting. | ||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同玉米行距和玉米品种对大豆不同生育期生物量的影响
Table2.Effect of different maize row spacing and maize varieties on the biomass of intercropped soybean at different growth stages
| 处理 Treatment | 五叶期?Fifth trifoliolate | 盛荚期?Full pod | |||
| 茎干重 Stem dry weight (g) | 全叶干重 Full leaf dry weigh (g) | 茎干重 Stem dry weight (g) | 全叶干重 Full leaf dry weigh (g) | ||
| A1B1 | 8.091b | 5.987b | 65.524b | 54.259b | |
| A1B2 | 5.367c | 3.875c | 54.891c | 47.389bc | |
| A1B3 | 1.696d | 1.293d | 40.992d | 41.564c | |
| A2B1 | 6.298b | 4.568b | 60.759b | 50.198b | |
| A2B2 | 4.945c | 3.697c | 51.814c | 46.117b | |
| A2B3 | 3.397d | 2.891d | 42.642d | 43.089b | |
| SS | 23.415a | 17.584a | 122.667a | 87.059a | |
| 不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平上差异显著。A1和A2分别为玉米品种‘川单418’和‘荣玉1210’; B1、B2和B3表示玉米/大豆带状套作中玉米窄行距分别为20 cm、40 cm和60 cm。SS表示单作大豆。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. A1 and A2 are maize varieties of ‘Chuandan 418’ and ‘Rongyu 1210’. B1, B2 and B3 mean narrow row spacing of maize of 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems. SS means sole soybean planting. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同玉米行距和玉米品种对大豆不同生育期叶片光合色素的影响
Table3.Effect of different maize row spacing and maize varieties on the photosynthetic pigment of intercropped soybean leaves at different growth stages
| 处理 Treatment | 五叶期?Fifth trifoliolate | 盛荚期?Full pod | |||||||
| 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg?g-1) | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg?g-1) | 总叶绿素Total chlorophyll (mg?g-1) | 类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg?g-1) | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg?g-1) | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg?g-1) | 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll (mg?g-1) | 类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg?g-1) | ||
| A1B1 | 2.415b | 0.568b | 2.983b | 0.531b | 3.631b | 0.836b | 4.467b | 0.893ab | |
| A1B2 | 1.859c | 0.458c | 2.317c | 0.446c | 3.536b | 0.817b | 4.352b | 0.868b | |
| A1B3 | 1.392d | 0.353d | 1.745d | 0.385d | 3.442b | 0.789b | 4.231b | 0.850b | |
| A2B1 | 2.097b | 0.545b | 2.642b | 0.506b | 3.605b | 0.913b | 4.518b | 0.723b | |
| A2B2 | 1.676c | 0.455c | 2.131c | 0.451c | 3.501b | 0.899b | 4.399b | 0.694b | |
| A2B3 | 1.417d | 0.366d | 1.782d | 0.396d | 3.449b | 0.857b | 4.306b | 0.671b | |
| SS | 3.189a | 0.918a | 4.107a | 0.613a | 3.905a | 1.022a | 4.928a | 0.918a | |
| 不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平上差异显著。A1和A2分别为玉米品种‘川单418’和‘荣玉1210’; B1、B2和B3表示玉米大/豆带状套作中玉米窄行距分别为20 cm、40 cm和60 cm。SS表示单作大豆。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. A1 and A2 are maize varieties of ‘Chuandan 418’ and ‘Rongyu 1210’. B1, B2 and B3 mean narrow row spacing of maize of 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems. SS means sole soybean planting. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同玉米行距和玉米品种对大豆不同生育期叶片荧光参数的影响
Table4.Effect of different maize row spacing and maize varieties on the fluorescence parameters of intercropped soybean leaves at different growth stages
| 处理 Treatment | 五叶期?Fifth trifoliolate | 盛荚期?Full pod | |||||||||
| NPQ | Fv/Fm | FI'/Fv' | Fq'/Fm' | Fo | NPQ | Fv/Fm | FI'/Fv' | Fq'/Fm' | Fo | ||
| A1B1 | 2.442b | 0.769b | 0.361c | 0.185b | 3 618c | 1.954a | 0.827a | 0.445a | 0.263a | 3 524a | |
| A1B2 | 2.557b | 0.811a | 0.423a | 0.212a | 2 492d | 2.012a | 0.831a | 0.450a | 0.269a | 3 455a | |
| A1B3 | 2.998a | 0.727d | 0.385b | 0.183b | 3 743b | 1.969a | 0.823a | 0.434a | 0.261a | 3 560a | |
| A2B1 | 2.669b | 0.801b | 0.375c | 0.197b | 2 596c | 2.036a | 0.830a | 0.448a | 0.267a | 3 497a | |
| A2B2 | 2.724b | 0.829a | 0.439a | 0.227a | 2 198d | 2.117a | 0.837a | 0.454a | 0.272a | 3 415a | |
| A2B3 | 3.051a | 0.786c | 0.396b | 0.188c | 2 817b | 2.011a | 0.827a | 0.439a | 0.264a | 3 504a | |
| SS | 2.371c | 0.820a | 0.327d | 0.158d | 3 916a | 1.944a | 0.826a | 0.438a | 0.257a | 3 589a | |
| 不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平上差异显著。A1和A2分别为玉米品种‘川单418’和‘荣玉1210’; B1、B2和B3表示玉米/大豆带状套作中玉米窄行距分别为20 cm、40 cm和60 cm。SS表示单作大豆。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. A1 and A2 are maize varieties of ‘Chuandan 418’ and ‘Rongyu 1210’. B1, B2 and B3 mean narrow row spacing of maize of 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems. SS means sole soybean planting. | |||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表5不同玉米行距和玉米品种对系统产量的影响
Table5.Effect of different maize row spacing and maize varieties on the system grain yield
| 处理 Treatment | 玉米 Maize Yield (kg?hm-2) | 大豆 Soybean Yield (kg?hm-2) | 产量贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 土地当量比 LER | |
| 玉米?Maize | 大豆?Soybean | ||||
| A1B1 | 5 172.70e | 2 046.30b | 71.65 | 28.35 | 1.37e |
| A1B2 | 7 917.48c | 1 777.78c | 81.66 | 18.34 | 1.58a |
| A1B3 | 8 627.92b | 1 287.04d | 87.02 | 12.98 | 1.48c |
| A2B1 | 6 651.32d | 1 944.44b | 77.38 | 22.62 | 1.41d |
| A2B2 | 9 201.56a | 1 657.41c | 84.74 | 15.26 | 1.56a |
| A2B3 | 9 665.82a | 1 407.41d | 87.29 | 12.71 | 1.52b |
| SMA1 | 8 703.34b | — | 100.00 | 0.00 | 1.00f |
| SMA2 | 9 843.99a | — | 100.00 | 0.00 | 1.00f |
| SS | — | 2 638.89a | 0.00 | 100.00 | 1.00f |
| 不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平上差异显著。A1和A2分别为玉米品种‘川单418’和‘荣玉1210’; B1、B2和B3表示玉米/大豆带状套作中玉米窄行距分别为20 cm、40 cm和60 cm。SS表示单作大豆。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. A1 and A2 are maize varieties of ‘Chuandan 418’ and ‘Rongyu 1210’. B1, B2 and B3 mean narrow row spacing of maize of 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. SS means sole soybean planting. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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