卢志兴2,
李巧1,,,
燕迪1,
陈又清2,,
1.西南林业大学 昆明 650224
2.中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 昆明 650224
基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金CAFYBB2018ZC002
国家自然科学基金项目31270561
国家自然科学基金项目31470493
详细信息
作者简介:于潇雨, 研究方向为昆虫生态学。E-mail:yxy_sc@163.com
通讯作者:李巧, 主要从事昆虫学研究, E-mail:lqfcb@126.com
陈又清, 主要从事昆虫生态学研究, E-mail:cyqcaf@126.com
中图分类号:Q968.1计量
文章访问数:578
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-03-27
录用日期:2019-06-04
刊出日期:2019-10-01
Effects of rubber planting patterns on ant diversity in low climate suitable area
YU Xiaoyu1,,LU Zhixing2,
LI Qiao1,,,
YAN Di1,
CHEN Youqing2,,
1. Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Kunming 650224, China
Funds: the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of ChinaCAFYBB2018ZC002
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31270561
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31470493
More Information
Corresponding author:LI Qiao, E-mail:lqfcb@126.com;CHEN Youqing, E-mail:cyqcaf@126.com
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摘要
摘要:为了揭示中、低适宜区域橡胶种植地的生物多样性状况，及选择有益于保护生物多样性的种植模式，使用陷阱法于2015年9月和2016年8月调查了钝叶黄檀-玉米地（对照）、橡胶纯林（Ⅱ）、橡胶-茶树混农林（Ⅲ）、橡胶-咖啡混农林（Ⅳ）中地表层和树冠层蚂蚁物种多样性、群落结构差异及指示物种，以研究不同类型种植模式间蚂蚁群落间的差异。结果表明：4种类型样地中，地表层蚂蚁中多度、物种丰富度、ACE值均存在显著差异（P < 0.05），大小排序为橡胶-茶树混农林>橡胶纯林>钝叶黄檀-玉米地>橡胶-咖啡混农林；树冠层蚂蚁群落多度存在显著差异（P < 0.05），大小排序为橡胶纯林>橡胶-茶树混农林>橡胶-咖啡混农林>钝叶黄檀-玉米地，物种丰富度和ACE值不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。地表层和树冠层蚂蚁群落结构样地类型间均存在极显著差异（P < 0.01），其中橡胶-茶树混农林的蚂蚁群落结构与其余样地存在较高的相似性。4种类型样地中均存在1种指示物种，钝叶黄檀-玉米地为棒刺大头蚁（Pheidole spathifera），橡胶林为黑头酸臭蚁（Tapinoma melanocephalum），橡胶-茶树混农林为环纹大齿猛蚁（Odontomachus circulus），橡胶-咖啡混农林为缅甸细长蚁（Tetraponera birmana）。从本研究来看，橡胶-茶树混农林是当地橡胶复合农林系统中既具经济效益，又能较好保护蚂蚁多样性的种植模式。
关键词:气候低适宜区域/
复合农林生态系统/
橡胶林/
蚂蚁/
物种多样性/
群落结构/
指示物种
Abstract:Rubber is a very important economic crop in China, its' cultivation area in the medium to low climate suitable area accounts for about 79.06% of the total area. In recent years, the status of biodiversity in low climate-suitable areas and methods used to choose planting patterns to protect biodiversity in rubber growing area need immediate attention. In order to reveal the differences of ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities in rubber plantations (Ⅱ), rubber-tea agroforestry (Ⅲ), rubber-coffee agroforestry (Ⅳ), and Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry (control plot, Ⅰ), species diversity, community structure differences, and indicator species of ant communities were investigated using traps in September 2015 and August 2016 in 4 different types of sites. The results were as follows:the abundance, species richness, and ACE index of ground-dwelling ant communities demonstrated significant differences among the 4 types of sites, ranked as Ⅲ > Ⅱ > Ⅰ > Ⅳ (P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundance of canopy foraging ant communities revealed significant differences, ranked as Ⅱ > Ⅲ > Ⅳ > Ⅰ (P < 0.05). However, species richness and ACE index did not exhibit significant differences (P > 0.05). The community structure of both the ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities displayed significant differences among the 4 types of sites (P < 0.01). The ant community structure of rubber-tea agroforestry had higher similarity with other sites. There was one indicator species in each of the 4 types of sites, such as Pheidole spathifera in Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry, Tapinoma melanocephalum in rubber plantations, Odontomachus circulus in rubber-tea agroforestry, and Tetraponera birmana in rubber-coffee agroforestry. Our results indicate that the rubber-tea agroforestry is a choice that has both economic benefits as well as offers good protection to ant communities in the local rubber plantations. Therefore, it is of interest to conduct further studies on the management of rubber plantation patterns.
Key words:Low climate suitable area/
Agroforest ecosystem/
Rubber plantation/
Ant/
Species diversity/
Community structure/
Indicator species
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图1橡胶不同种植模式样地地表层(a)和树冠层(b)基于个体数的物种稀疏及预测曲线
Ⅰ为钝叶黄檀-玉米地, Ⅱ为橡胶纯林, Ⅲ为橡胶-茶树混农林, Ⅳ为橡胶-咖啡混农林。
Figure1.Rare species number and extrapolation curves of ground-dwelling (a) and canopy foraging (b) ant communities based on individuals number in sites of different rubber planting patterns
Ⅰ: Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry; Ⅱ: rubber-plantation; Ⅲ: rubber-tea agroforestry; Ⅳ: rubber-coffee agroforestry.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2橡胶不同种植模式样地地表层(a)和树冠层蚂蚁群落结构NMDS分析
Ⅰ为钝叶黄檀-玉米地, Ⅱ为橡胶纯林, Ⅲ为橡胶-茶树混农林, Ⅳ为橡胶-咖啡混农林; 样地代码后数字为样带编号。图中黑圈表示60%相似性水平。
Figure2.Similarity of structures of ground-dwelling (a) and canopy foraging (b) ant communities in sites of different rubber planting patterns
Ⅰ: Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry; Ⅱ: rubber plantation; Ⅲ: rubber-tea agroforestry; Ⅳ: rubber-coffee agroforestry. The number after the site code is the replicate number. The dark circles represent 60% similarity level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1橡胶不同种植模式样地蚂蚁物种名录和多度以及6级评分转换后多度
Table1.Species list, abundance and the abundance converted by six-level score of ant communities in sites of different rubber planting patterns
| 亚科 Subfamily | 物种名 Species | 钝叶黄檀-玉米地 Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry | 橡胶纯林 Rubber plantation | 橡胶-茶树混农林 Rubber-tea agroforestry | 橡胶-咖啡混农林 Rubber-coffee agroforestry |
| 猛蚁亚科 Ponerinae | 环纹大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus circulus | 31(26) | 21(18) | 113(62) | 19(16) |
| 格拉夫钩猛蚁Anochetus graeffei | — | 3(3) | — | 21(14) | |
| 双色曲颊猛蚁Gnamptogenys bicolor | 6(6) | 27(21) | — | — | |
| 黄足厚结猛蚁Pachycondyla luteipes | 10(10) | 15(13) | 12(12) | 8(7) | |
| 红足厚结猛蚁Pachycondyla rufipes | 19(19) | 11(9) | 1(1) | 1(1) | |
| 爪哇厚结猛蚁Pachycondyla javana | 31(25) | 34(28) | 26(21) | 20(15) | |
| 猎镰猛蚁Harpegnathos venator | — | 1(1) | 1(1) | 1(1) | |
| 勃氏细颚猛蚁Leptogenys peuqueti | 1(1) | 16(6) | — | 26(8) | |
| 横纹齿猛蚁 Odontoponera transversa | 286(143) | 401(174) | 396(173) | 176(100) | |
| 盲蚁亚科 Aenictinae | 锡兰盲蚁Aenictus ceylonicus | 2(2) | — | — | — |
| 盲蚁Aenictus sp. | 1(1) | — | — | — | |
| 伪切叶蚁亚科 Pseudomyrmecinae | 黑细长蚁Tetraponera nigra | 3(3) | 24(15) | 47(35) | 5(5) |
| 缅甸细长蚁Tetraponera birmana | — | 3(3) | 7(4) | 73(32) | |
| 切叶蚁亚科 Myrmicinae | 粒沟切叶蚁Cataulacus granulatus | 1(1) | — | 2(2) | — |
| 罗思尼举腹蚁 Crematogaster rothneyi | 15(11) | — | 37(21) | — | |
| 立毛举腹蚁Crematogaster ferrarii | 2(2) | 22(20) | 46(36) | 71(36) | |
| 上海举腹蚁Crematogaster zoceensis | — | 14(11) | 1(1) | 4(4) | |
| 比罗举腹蚁Crematogaster biroi | 4(2) | — | — | — | |
| 大阪举腹蚁Crematogaster osakensis | 7(6) | 164(31) | — | — | |
| 举腹蚁Crematogaster sp. | — | 61(6) | — | — | |
| 刘氏隆头蚁Strumigenys lewis | — | 2(2) | 3(3) | — | |
| 邻巨首蚁Pheidologeton affinis | 639(20) | 264(41) | 232(49) | 37(17) | |
| 女娲角腹蚁Recurvidris nuwa | — | — | 1(1) | — | |
| 法老小家蚁Monomorium pharaonis | 7(3) | 2(2) | 75(19) | 7(6) | |
| 东方小家蚁Monomorium orientale | — | — | — | 1(1) | |
| 中华小家蚁Monomorium chinensis | 128(51) | 411(61) | 295(37) | 123(24) | |
| 棘扁胸蚁Vollenhovia acanthina | — | 2(2) | — | — | |
| 史氏铺道蚁Tetramorium smithi | 2(2) | 8(8) | 8(7) | — | |
| 光颚铺道蚁Tetramorium insolens | 1(1) | 1(1) | — | — | |
| 铺道蚁Tetramorium sp. | — | 3(3) | — | — | |
| 罗氏铺道蚁Tetramorium wroughtoni | 6(4) | — | 26(5) | — | |
| 台湾切叶蚁myrmecina taiwanan | — | — | — | 1(1) | |
| 棒刺大头蚁Pheidole spathifera | 110(60) | 11(9) | 32(25) | — | |
| 卡泼林大头蚁Pheidole capellini | 53(20) | 407(94) | 275(61) | 37(13) | |
| 伊大头蚁Pheidole yeensis | 31(18) | 98(19) | 108(23) | 5(4) | |
| 菱结大头蚁Pheidole noda | 1(1) | 24(11) | 52(22) | 3(2) | |
| 印度大头蚁Pheidole indica | 1(1) | — | — | — | |
| 沃森大头蚁Pheidole watsoni | 12(9) | 35(5) | 7(4) | — | |
| 皮氏大头蚁Pheidole pieli | 8(8) | 41(26) | 36(27) | 22(13) | |
| 大头蚁Pheidole sp. | 113(59) | 69(34) | 272(79) | 221(77) | |
| 宽结大头蚁Pheidole nodus | — | — | — | 4(2) | |
| 费氏盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster feae | — | — | 2(2) | — | |
| 舒尔盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster schurri | — | — | 1(1) | — | |
| 臭蚁亚科 Dolichoderinae | 狡臭蚁Technomyrmex sp. | 7(4) | — | — | 2(2) |
| 吉氏酸臭蚁Tapinoma geei | 1(1) | — | 1(1) | — | |
| 黑头酸臭蚁 Tapinoma melanocephalum | 101(36) | 166(78) | 38(30) | — | |
| 费氏臭蚁Dolichoderus feae | — | — | — | 2(2) | |
| 鳞结臭蚁Dolichoderus squamanodus | 53(20) | 3(3) | 12(10) | 9(6) | |
| 黑可可臭蚁Dolichoderus thoracicus | 23(15) | 9(9) | 20(10) | 19(10) | |
| 邻臭蚁Dolichoderus affinis | — | — | — | 2(2) | |
| 蚁亚科 Formicinae | 开普刺结蚁Lepisiota capensis | 3(3) | 12(10) | 27(27) | — |
| 暗淡刺结蚁Lepisiota opaca | 1(1) | 7(7) | 5(5) | 1(1) | |
| 网纹刺结蚁Lepisiota reticulate | — | 1(1) | — | — | |
| 罗思尼斜结蚁Plagiolepis rothneyi | — | — | 11(4) | 2(2) | |
| 长足光结蚁Anoplolepis gracilipes | 10(10) | 2(2) | 8(8) | 2(2) | |
| 宾氏长齿蚁Myrmoteras binghamii | — | — | — | 1(1) | |
| 普通拟毛蚁Pseudolasius familiaris | — | — | 11(7) | — | |
| 长角立毛蚁Paratrechina longicornis | — | — | 2(2) | 7(6) | |
| 黄足立毛蚁Paratrechina flavipes | — | 10(8) | 13(11) | — | |
| 大眼平结蚁Prenolepis magnocula | 1(1) | — | — | — | |
| 黄猄蚁Oecophylla smaragdina | 1(1) | — | 33(21) | 10(7) | |
| 邻居多刺蚁Polyrhachis proxima | 2(2) | — | — | — | |
| 伊劳多刺蚁Polyrhachis illaudata | — | 1(1) | 1(1) | — | |
| 毛钳弓背蚁Camponotus lasiselene | 4(4) | 1(1) | 4(4) | 4(4) | |
| 巴瑞弓背蚁Camponotus parius | 2(2) | 80(59) | 113(65) | 50(43) | |
| 平和弓背蚁Camponotus mitis | 7(7) | 68(47) | 105(71) | 45(38) | |
| 红头弓背蚁Camponotus singularis | — | — | 1(1) | — | |
| 待定种Pending species | — | — | — | 1(1) | |
| 括号内为6级评分转换后多度。Data in brackets are abundance converted by using the six-level score. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2橡胶不同种植模式样地地表层和树冠层蚂蚁多样性比较
Table2.Diversity comparison of ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities in sites of different rubber planting patterns
| 种植模式 Plant pattern | 地表层 Ground | 树冠层 Canopy | |||||
| 物种丰富度 Species richness | 多度 Abundance | ACE | 物种丰富度 Species richness | 多度 Abundance | ACE | ||
| 钝叶黄檀-玉米地 Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry | 19.00±1.47bc | 109.75±13.74bc | 22.56±1.90a | 13.50±1.26a | 45.75±2.02b | 16.50±1.74a | |
| 橡胶纯林Rubber plantation | 20.75±1.49ab | 140.50±12.39ab | 24.18±2.28a | 15.00±1.58a | 85.25±13.56a | 21.38±3.91a | |
| 橡胶-茶树混农林 Rubber-tea agroforestry | 25.50±1.55a | 169.50±16.78a | 28.61±1.88a | 17.50±1.85a | 83.50±5.98a | 20.42±2.10a | |
| 橡胶-咖啡混农林 Rubber-coffee agroforestry | 13.25±2.78c | 80.75±22.95c | 15.21±3.02b | 13.75±1.03a | 50.75±4.61b | 19.22±3.85a | |
| 表中多度为以6级评分转化后的值。同列数据(平均值±标准误)后不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Abundance data are data converted by using the six-level score. Data with different lowercase letters are significantly different at 0.05 level. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV表34种类型样地蚂蚁指示物种
Table3.Indicator species of ant in 4 sites of different rubber planting patterns
| 种植模式 Plant pattern | 物种 Species | 采集位置 Collected location | IndVal | P |
| 钝叶黄檀-玉米地 Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry | 棒刺大头蚁Pheidole spathifera | 地表层Ground | 0.766 | 0.001 |
| 橡胶纯林Rubber plantation | 环纹大齿猛蚁Odontomachus circulus | 地表层Ground | 0.720 | 0.001 |
| 橡胶-茶树混农林Rubber-tea agroforestry | 黑头酸臭蚁Tapinoma melanocephalum | 树冠层Canopy | 0.724 | 0.001 |
| 橡胶-咖啡混农林Rubber-coffee agroforestry | 缅甸细长蚁Tetraponera birmana | 树冠层Canopy | 0.726 | 0.001 |
| 指示值(IndVal)计算公式: IndValij=Aij×Bij, Aij表示物种i在样地j中的特异性, Bij表示物种i在样地j中的保真度。P是在1 000次重复基础上得到的; 仅列出具有统计学差异的指示物种。IndValij=Aij×Bij, in which Aij is the proportion of species i in sample site j, Bij is the proportion of abundance of species i in sample site j; P is based on 1 000 permutations. Only statistically significant indicator species is presented. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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