冯翠娥,
岳思君^,,
简阿妮,
陈丽萍,
郭洋,
郑蕊,
苏建宇^,
宁夏大学生命科学学院/西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室 银川 750021
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31360025
国家自然科学基金项目31560418
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目2017BY081

详细信息

作者简介:冯翠娥, 主要研究方向为微生物技术与工程。E-mail:13519291697@163.com

通讯作者:岳思君, 主要研究方向为微生物学, E-mail：sijunyue@126.com
苏建宇, 主要研究方向为工业微生物, E-mail：su_jy@nxu.edu.cn

中图分类号:S154.3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2018-08-07
录用日期:2018-11-26
刊出日期:2019-04-01

The effect of continuous cropping of selenium melon on soil fungal community structure

FENG Cui'e,
YUE Sijun^,,
JIAN Ani,
CHEN Liping,
GUO Yang,
ZHENG Rui,
SU Jianyu^,
College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Yinchuan 750021, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31360025
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31560418
Ningxia Key Research and Development Program2017BY081

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Corresponding author:YUE Sijun, E-mail: sijunyue@126.com;SU Jianyu, E-mail: su_jy@nxu.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:硒砂瓜是宁夏地区重要的经济作物，其连作严重影响硒砂瓜产量和品质。目前硒砂瓜连作对土壤真菌群落结构的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，探讨硒砂瓜连作对土壤真菌群落结构的影响。研究发现，硒砂瓜连作土壤中真菌群落多样性指数和丰富度指数随连作年限的增加先上升后下降。供试土壤样本中共检测到真菌8门、25纲、244属，其中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、接合菌门（Zygomycota）是优势菌门，占90%以上。与对照相比，连作30年土壤中子囊菌门丰度下降32.51%，接合菌门丰度上升29.89%。供试土壤中真菌主要的优势属为被孢霉属（Mortierella）、绿僵菌属（Metarhiziun）、假霉样真菌属（Pseudallescheria）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）和青霉属（Penicillium）。与对照相比，连作5年土壤中假霉样真菌属丰度增加45.81%，连作10年土壤中镰刀菌属丰度增加26.74%，连作15年土壤中绿僵菌属下降26.83%，连作20年土壤中青霉属增加29.68%，连作25年土壤中绿僵菌属减少18.30%，连作30年土壤中被孢霉属丰度上升29.89%。土壤理化性质与硒砂瓜连作年限间无显著相关性，而与土壤真菌群落结构存在显著的相关性。土壤全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量是影响土壤真菌群落最主要的因素。研究结果表明，导致硒砂瓜连作障碍的主要原因不是土壤理化性质变化，而是土壤真菌群落结构的改变。研究结果可为硒砂瓜土传病害的生物防治提供参考依据。
关键词:连作/
土壤真菌/
群落结构/
Illumina高通量测序/
土壤理化性质/
硒砂瓜
Abstract:Selenium-melon is an important cash crop in Ningxia, but its yield and quality decrease when continuously cropped. The decrease may be related to soil fungal community changes that take place during continuous cropping, which was determined in this study. Soil samples from continuous cropping of selenium-melon were analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The analysis showed that, after an initial increase, the diversity and density of the fungal community in the soil of continuous cropping decreased. Eight fungal phyla, 25 classes, and 244 genera were identified in the soil samples. Ascomycota and Zygomycota were the predominant phyla, accounting for > 90% of the fungi. The abundance decreased 32.51% for Ascomycota, but increased 29.89% for Zygomycota, after 30 years of continuous cropping. The most predominant genera were Mortierella, Metarhiziun, Pseudallescheria, Fusarium, and Penicillium, and the abundance changes included a 45.81% increase for Pseudallescheria after 5 years, a 26.74% increase for Fusarium after 10 years, a 26.83% decrease for Metarhiziun after 15 years, a 29.68% increase for Penicillium after 20 years, a 18.30% decrease for Metarhiziun after 25 years, and a 29.89% increase for Mortierella after 30 years of continuous cropping. Soil physical and chemical properties were not related to years of continuous cropping, but affected the fungal community structure. Soil total phosphorus, alkaline nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the most influential factors for fungal genus changes. A significant positive correlation was observed between the abundance of Metarhizium and soil total potassium, between the abundance of Pseudomycetes and soil total phosphorus and available potassium, and between the abundance of Penicillium and soil pH, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between the abundance of Fusarium and soil total phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Diminished production of selenium-melon in continuous cropping was related to soil fungal community changes rather than soil physicochemical properties, demonstrating that selenium-melon soil-borne diseases might be controlled through biological means.
Key words:Continuous cropping/
Soil fungi/
Community structure/
High-throughput sequencing/
Soil physicochemical properties/
Selenium melon

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图1硒砂瓜连作土壤样本在OUT水平Sobs指数稀释曲线
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。
Figure1.Rarefaction curves of OUT level Sobs index in soil samples of selenium-melon continuous cropping
T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.


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图2硒砂瓜不同连作年限土壤真菌群落在门水平的相对丰度
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。
Figure2.Relative abundances of soil fungal communities at phylum level in different continuous cropping years of selenium-melon
T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.


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图3硒砂瓜不同连作年限土壤真菌群落在纲水平相对丰度
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。
Figure3.Relative abundances of soil fungal communities at class level in different continuous cropping years of selenium-melon
T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.


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图4硒砂瓜不同连作年限土壤真菌群落在属水平Heatmap图
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。
Figure4.Heatmap of soil fungal community at genus level in different continuous cropping years of selenium-melon
T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.


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图5硒砂瓜不同连作年限土壤真菌基于OTU水平的NMDS分析
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。
Figure5.NMDS analysis of soil fungi based on OTU level in different continuous cropping years of selenium-melon
T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.


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表1硒砂瓜连作对土壤理化性质的影响
Table1.Effects of selenium-melon continuous cropping on soil physical and chemical properties

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolysis N (mg·kg-1)
T0	8.07±0.26c	9.17±0.41ab	0.41±0.04ab	7.90±0.91b	0.61±0.03ab	122±22.07ab	24.10±0.69a	29.87±5.94a
T5	8.22±0.10bc	9.45±0.43a	0.53±0.12a	18.90±4.52a	0.90±0.25a	141±7.77a	23.40±0.66ab	34.83±3.38a
T10	8.51±0.01ab	9.22±1.52ab	0.47±0.12ab	4.00±0.99b	0.60±0.08b	112±4.24ab	24.50±1.69a	21.95±8.69a
T15	8.67±0.06a	10.32±0.58a	0.45±0.02ab	5.00±2.00b	0.66±0.05ab	138±10.07a	23.90±0.26ab	28.80±4.00a
T20	8.58±0.04ab	9.17±1.44ab	0.43±0.02ab	6.50±1.54b	0.64±0.03ab	136±8.18a	23.77±0.26ab	27.13±4.09a
T25	8.49±0.10ab	9.32±1.11ab	0.42±0.04ab	2.47±1.10b	0.65±0.07ab	119±2.31ab	23.67±0.23ab	28.10±5.64a
T30	8.30±0.23bc	7.45±0.04b	0.33±0.02b	3.50±0.42b	0.64±0.01ab	100±15.56b	21.60±2.12b	29.20±7.60a
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.

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表2硒砂瓜连作土壤真菌Alpha多样性指数
Table2.Alpha diversity indexes of soil fungal under selenium-melon continuous cropping

样本 Sample	Shannon指数 Shannon Index	辛普森指数 Simpson Index	Ace指数 Ace Index	Chao指数 Chao 1 Index
T0	2.61±1.41	0.28±0.17	346.65±34.07	347.81±43.78
T5	1.97±0.79	0.37±0.19	250.83±48.33	252.55±47.45
T10	3.03±1.05	0.17±0.13	408.25±171.99	411.57±174.03
T15	3.50±0.43	0.11±0.05	496.99±36.03	506.77±38.04
T20	2.92±1.46	0.22±0.02	374.92±42.56	361.88±63.91
T25	1.91±0.81	0.32±0.19	194.89±87.11	192.85±86.26
T30	2.58±0.87	0.17±0.11	202.22±24.55	207.53±14.91
T0、T5、T10、T15、T20、T25、T30分别指未种植硒砂瓜处理及连作5年、10年、15年、20年、25年和30年处理。T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25, and T30 refer to the treatments of non-planting and continuous cropping for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years of selenium melon, respectively.

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表3土壤真菌优势菌(属水平)丰度与土壤理化性质的相关性
Table3.Correlation between abundance of soil fungal dominant bacteria (genus level) and soil physicochemical properties

优势属 Dominant genera	pH	有机质 Organic matter	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolysis N	速效钾 Available K	速效磷 Available P
被孢霉属Mortierella	0.159	0.066	-0.022	-0.314	-0.079	-0.283	-0.395
绿僵菌属Metarhizium	0.326	0.354	-0.404	0.515*	-0.399	0.107	0.111
假霉样真菌属Pseudallescheria	-0.065	0.187	0.486*	0.008	0.402	0.636**	0.417
镰刀菌属Fusarium	0.105	0.058	-0.597**	0.372	-0.610**	-0.267	-0.208
青霉属Penicillium	0.438*	-0.068	-0.183	0.143	-0.052	-0.027	-0.079
Unclassified_Ascomycota	0.180*	0.379	0.088	-0.029	-0.198	0.091	-0.384
毛壳属Chaetomium	0.318	0.219	0.206	0.129	0.050	0.487*	0.160
**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

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