张贵云^1,,,
吕贝贝¹,
张丽萍¹,
刘珍¹,
范巧兰¹,
魏明峰¹,
姚众¹,
袁嘉玮¹,
柴跃进²
1.山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 运城 044000
2.山西省临汾市农机局 临汾 041000
基金项目: 山西省重点研发计划项目201703D321009-3
山西省自然科学基金项目2014011029-3
山西省农业科学院博士基金项目YBSJJ1405

详细信息

作者简介:张贵云, 主要从事植物营养学和菌根学研究。E-mail:guiyunzhang@126.com

中图分类号:S154.3

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收稿日期:2018-06-28
录用日期:2018-10-25
刊出日期:2019-03-01

Effect of long-term no-tillage with stubble on soil fertility and diversity of prokaryotic microbiome in dryland wheat soils on the Loess Plateau, China

ZHANG Guiyun^1,,,
LYU Beibei¹,
ZHANG Liping¹,
LIU Zhen¹,
FAN Qiaolan¹,
WEI Mingfeng¹,
YAO Zhong¹,
YUAN Jiawei¹,
CHAI Yuejin²
1. Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng 044000, China
2. Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Linfen City, Linfen 041000, China
Funds: Shanxi Key Research and Development Project201703D321009-3
the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province2014011029-3
the Doctor Fund Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesYBSJJ1405

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Corresponding author:ZHANG Guiyun, E-mail: guiyunzhang@126.com

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摘要
摘要:为明确黄土高原旱作麦田长期保护性耕作对土壤肥力和土壤原核微生物的效应，以位于山西省临汾市实施保护性耕作26年的小麦田为试验基地，采用Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序等手段，开展了不同耕作措施[免耕覆盖（NTS）、深松免耕覆盖（SNTS）和传统耕作（TT1）]对土壤理化性质和土壤原核微生物多样性的影响分析。研究结果表明：1）NTS和SNTS处理比TT1处理显著提高了土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾的含量，降低了土壤pH，提高了土壤贮水能力和水分含量，降低了0~10 cm土层的土壤容重，但提高了10~20 cm土层的土壤容重；同时，SNTS处理显著增加了土壤的有机质含量。2）Illumina Hiseq高通量16S rRNA基因Ⅴ4区测序结果表明：NTS和SNTS处理比TT1处理显著降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度；NTS比SNTS处理显著降低了土壤中疣微菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度；NTS处理显著增加了土壤原核微生物群落的多样性，但未显著改变原核微生物群落的丰度；SNTS对原核微生物群落的多样性和丰富度均未有显著改变；NTS处理的显著性差异物种（Biomarker）高于其他2个处理；其他原核微生物门的相对丰度，在3个处理间尚未有明显差异。3）聚类分析可见：NTS和SNTS处理与TT1处理的微生物群落结构差异较大；NTS处理与SNTS处理间的微生物群落结构差异较小。4）CCA分析可知：土壤pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量对土壤原核微生物群落遗传多样性的变化起着重要作用；与TT1处理相比，NTS和SNTS处理在一定程度上改变了土壤原核微生物群落结构，但仍存在结构的相似性。综上所述，长期进行NTS和SNTS处理对黄土高原旱地麦田土壤微生物多样性、丰富度以及土壤肥力因子等的正效作用明显。
关键词:保护性耕作/
免耕覆盖/
深松免耕/
高通量测序/
土壤原核微生物
Abstract:In dryland regions, conservation tillage has the advantages of reducing soil erosion, maintaining soil structure, improving soil physical and chemical properties, and promoting microbial reproduction, compared with traditional farming methods. Up to now, the effect of long-term conservation tillage on soil prokaryotic microbial community has not been adequately reported for the China's Loess Plateau region. To understand the effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil prokaryotic microbial community diversity and soil fertility in dryland wheat fields on the Loess Plateau, the Illumina Hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing and physicochemical test methods were used to analyze the effects of different tillage measures on soil physical and chemical properties and the diversity of soil prokaryotic microbial community in the wheat fields in Linfen City, Shanxi Province. Tillage measures adopted in the study area for 26 years included no-tillage with stubble (NTS), no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling (SNTS) and traditional tillage (TT1). The results showed that:1) while soil contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil water storage capacity and water content under NTS and SNTS treatments were significantly higher than those under TT1, soil pH under NTS and SNTS was lower than that under TT1. NTS and SNTS treatments reduced soil bulk density in the 0-10 cm soil layer, but increased it in 10-20 cm soil layer compared with TT1 treatment. Meanwhile, SNTS treatment significantly increased soil organic matter content. 2) The results of the Illumina Hiseq high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing in area Ⅴ4 indicated that:SNTS treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, compared with TT1 treatment. NTS treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi, compared with SNTS treatment. NTS treatment significantly increased the diversity of soil prokaryote community, but not significantly changed the abundance of prokaryote community. SNTS treatment not significantly changed the diversity and richness of prokaryote community. Biomarkers under NTS treatment were higher than under other treatments. The relative abundance of other prokaryotes at the phylum division was not significantly different among three treatments. 3) UPGMA analysis showed that prokaryote community structures of NTS and SNTS were significantly different from those of TT1, and the differences between NTS and SNTS were small. 4) CCA analysis showed that soil pH, contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were important for changes in genetic diversity of soil prokaryote communities. Although NTS and SNTS treatments could change soil prokaryotic microbiome structure greatly, there was still structural similarity among the soil prokaryotic microbiomes among three treatments. To sum up, long-term conservation tillage had obvious positive effects on soil microbial diversity, richness and soil fertility in dryland wheat fields on the Loess Plateau.
Key words:Conservation tillage/
No-tillage with stubble/
No-tillage with stubble after subsoiling/
High-throughput sequencing/
Soil prokaryotic microbiome

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图1长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物稀释曲线
NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。
Figure1.Soil bacterial rarefaction curves under different long term tillage treatments
NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图2长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物Venn图
NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。
Figure2.OTUs Venn of soil bacteria in the soil samples under different long term tillage treatments
NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图3长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物群落在门水平上的组成及相对丰度
NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。
Figure3.Soil bacterial community composition and relative abundance at phylum level under different long term tillage treatments
NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图4长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物群落在属水平上的组成及相对丰度
TT1:传统耕作; NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖。
Figure4.Soil bacterial community composition and relative abundance at genus level under different long term tillage treatments
TT1: traditional tillage; NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图5长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物群落相似性聚类树
NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。
Figure5.Similarity tree of soil bacterial communities under different long term tillage treatments
NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图6长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物群落处理间差异LEfSe分析图(A)和进化分支图(B)
NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。
Figure6.Histogram (A) and cladogram (B) based on LEfSe analysis of soil bacterial communities under different long term tillage treatments
NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


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图7门水平下长期不同耕作处理的土壤原核微生物群落与土壤理化因子的典型对应分析
TN、AN、AP、AK、OM分别代表土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量。NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。
Figure7.Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination biplot between bacterial community structure and soil environmental factors at phylum level under different long term tillage treatments
TN, AN, AP, AK and OM represented total N, available N, available P, available K and organic matter, respectively. NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.


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表1长期不同耕作方式下土壤的理化性质
Table1.Soil physical-chemical characteristics under different long-term tillage treatments

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1)	土壤水分 Soil water content (%)			土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g×cm-3)
							0~10 cm	10~20 cm		0~10 cm	10~20 cm
NTS	8.32±0.01a	18.12±0.45a	1.08±0.01b	91.00±7.00b	63.30±3.25b	368.54±20.15b	9.47±1.69b	15.45±2.44b		1.22±0.29a	1.46±0.47b
SNTS	8.33±0.00a	24.08±1.99b	1.14±0.03b	86.33±2.33b	75.80±1.07b	326.13±11.62b	8.56±1.20b	14.95±2.58b		1.21±0.20a	1.44±0.48b
TT1	8.46±0.02b	14.91±0.61a	0.77±0.02a	58.33±2.33a	49.87±1.48a	220.05±10.12a	7.08±1.35a	8.89±1.61a		1.30±0.35b	1.34±0.41a
同列数字后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.

下载: 导出CSV
表2长期不同耕作方式下土壤原核微生物群落的多样性指数
Table2.Diversity and richness of soil bacteria communities under different long term tillage treatments

处理 Treatment	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	ACE指数 ACE index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	覆盖率 Good's-coverage
NTS	5 839.393 0±592.538 8a	6 241.998 0±730.496 8a	10.286 7±0.023 4b	0.996 4±0.000 6b	0.980 8±0.004 0a
SNTS	5 033.266 0±171.921 9a	5 325.330 3±203.092 8a	9.961 1±0.099 6a	0.996 5±0.000 4a	0.985 0±0.001 0a
TT1	4 897.630 7±31.920 0a	5 159.809 3±35.957 2a	9.925 1±0.047 9a	0.997 9±0.000 0a	0.985 7±0.000 3a
同列数字后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。NTS:免耕覆盖; SNTS:深松免耕覆盖; TT1:传统耕作。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. NTS: no-tillage with stubble; SNTS: no-tillage with stubble after subsoiling; TT1: traditional tillage.

下载: 导出CSV

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