小麦水旱地品种回交二代农艺性状改良效应分析

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满强^{1, 2,},
赵慧³,
徐萍¹,
王亚飞^{1, 2},
李世景^{1, 2},
孙聚涛¹,
林永岭⁴,
张正斌^{1, 2,,}
1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心石家庄 050022
2.中国科学院大学北京 100049
3.河北科技大学生物科学与工程学院石家庄 050018
4.河北省石家庄市栾城区农业畜牧局石家庄 051430
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0100102-11
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A Class, XDA0803010703
中国科学院种子创新研究院项目和河北科技大学博士科研启动基金QD201419

详细信息

作者简介:满强, 主要研究方向为作物遗传育种。E-mail:manqiang2011@163.com

通讯作者:张正斌, 主要研究方向为作物遗传育种。E-mail：zzb@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号:S512.1+1

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收稿日期:2018-04-20
录用日期:2018-05-03
刊出日期:2019-04-01

Improvement effect of agronomic traits in the second backcrossing generation of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties

MAN Qiang^{1, 2,},
ZHAO Hui³,
XU Ping¹,
WANG Yafei^{1, 2},
LI Shijing^{1, 2},
SUN Jutao¹,
LIN Yongling⁴,
ZHANG Zhengbin^{1, 2,,}
1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
4. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Luancheng District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 051430, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0100102-11
the Special Fund for Strategic Pilot Technology of Chinese Academy of SciencesA Class, XDA0803010703
the Project of the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei University of Science and TechnologyQD201419

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Corresponding author:ZHANG Zhengbin, E-mail: zzb@sjziam.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:为研究干旱条件下小麦水旱地品种回交后代群体农艺性状改良效应，本研究以旱地品种‘长6878’为供体亲本、水地品种‘济麦22’为轮回亲本获得的回交二代（BC₂）后代材料，对其株高、穗长、穗下节间长、分蘖数、小穗数、穗粒数、单株生物学产量、单株粒重、千粒重、经济系数等10个农艺性状进行相关、聚类和主成分分析。结果显示，回交后代材料在株高、穗长、穗下节间长、分蘖数等性状偏向于轮回亲本‘济麦22’，同时在小穗数、穗粒数、单株生物学产量、单株粒重、千粒重、经济系数等性状中存在超亲效应。相关分析表明，经济系数与单株粒重显著正相关，而单株粒重又与株高、穗长、分蘖数、小穗数、穗粒数、单株生物学产量、千粒重等7个性状达极显著正相关水平。在欧式距离40处，BC₂群体分为4类，以轮回亲本‘济麦22’为核心的第Ⅱ类占BC₂代总数的30.5%，供体亲本‘长6878’单独划为第Ⅳ类；在欧式距离45处将第Ⅰ类（占BC₂代总数的58%）和第Ⅱ类合并成一个新的类群，即群体中88.5%的BC₂单株和轮回亲本划分为一类。主成分分析得到5个主成分因子对BC₂代农艺性状变异累计贡献率为85.51%，并筛选出综合得分高的10个株系，可作为后代重点选育。综合以上结果，在BC₂代已经取得了良好的农艺性状定向遗传改良效应，为回交定向改良小麦抗旱水分高效利用和选育新品种提供理论依据和技术支撑。
关键词:小麦/
回交二代/
抗旱/
农艺性状/
改良效应
Abstract:The winter wheat growing season in the Huang-Huai-Hai area of China is often exposed to drought stress posing a serious threat to the safety of food production. The molecular design breeding by using backcross selection and molecular marker-assisted selection to improve breeding of drought resistant and high water use efficiency varieties become a new direction of future wheat breeding. A total of 200 BC₂ (the second backcrossing generation) plants were obtained from the hybridization between dryland variety 'Chang 6878' as donor parent and irrigated variety 'Jimai 22' as recurrent parent. Ten agronomic traits, including plant height, spike length, internode length under spike, tiller number, spikelet number, grains per spike, biomass per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, economic index, were investigated to analyze the hybridization and backcross effect by the analysis of correlation, cluster and principal component. The results showed that the plant height, spike length, internode length under spike and tiller number of BC₂ plants were biased in favor of the recurrent parent 'Jimai22', while the spike number, grain number per spike, biomass per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, economic index showed super-parents effect. The correlation analysis showed that grain weight per plant was extremely significantly correlated with plant height, spike length, tiller number, spikelet number, grains per spike, biomass per plant, 1000-grain weight. And grain weight per plant was significantly and positively correlated with economic index. The cluster analysis showed that BC₂ population was divided into 4 groups at the Euclidean distance 40. The Class Ⅱ including 'Jimai 22' accounted for 30.5% of the total BC₂ generations, while 'Chang 6878' was divided into Class Ⅳ separately. Class Ⅰ (58% of the total number of BC₂) and Class Ⅱ were merged into a new group at the Euclidean distance 45, therefore 88.5% of BC₂ individuals and 'Jimai 22' were classified into the same cluster. The principal component analysis obtained five principal components, which contributed over 85.51% of variance, and ten BC₂ strains with high comprehensive score were screened as the key choice in the future. These results implied positively direction of genetic improvement in the BC₂ generation, which provided theoretical basis and technical support for the water use efficiency and drought-resistance breeding by wheat backcross.
Key words:Wheat/
Second backcrossing generation/
Drought resistance/
Agronomic traits/
Improving effects

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图1小麦水旱地亲本及回交二代群体10个农艺性状的分布
J:轮回亲本‘济麦22’; C:供体亲本‘长6878’.
Figure1.Distributions of 10 agronomic traits of parents and population of the second backcrossing generation of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties
J: recurrent parent 'Jimai 22'; C: donor parent 'Chang 6878'.

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图2小麦水旱地亲本及回交二代群体10个农艺性状聚类分析结果
1~200: BC₂后代品系数; 201:轮回亲本‘济麦22’; 202:供体亲本‘长6878’。
Figure2.Cluster analysis for 10 agronomic traits of parents and population of the second backcrossing generation of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties
1-200: the lines number of the second backcrossing generation; 201: recurrent parent 'Jimai 22'; 202: donor parent 'Chang 6878'.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1小麦水旱地亲本回交二代群体10个农艺性状的相关性分析
Table1.Correlation analysis among10 agronomic traits of population of the second backcrossing generation of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties

性状 Trait	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	穗下节间长 Internode length under spike	分蘖数 Tiller number	小穗数 Spikelet number	穗粒数 Grains per spike	单株生物学产量 Biomass per plant	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant	千粒重 1000-grain weight	经济系数 Economic index
株高Plant height	1.000
穗长Spike length	0.365^**	1.000
穗下节间长Internode length under spike	0.371^**	0.211^**	1.000
分蘖数Tiller number	0.191^**	0.447^**	0.066	1.000
小穗数Spikelet number	0.191^**	0.339^**	0.045	0.184^**	1.000
穗粒数Grain number per spike	0.200^**	0.303^**	0.069	0.167^*	0.677^**	1.000
单株生物学产量Biomass per plant	0.325^**	0.519^**	0.172^*	0.902^**	0.279^**	0.307^**	1.000
单株粒重Grain weight per plant	0.257^**	0.474^**	0.161^*	0.887^**	0.262^**	0.296^**	0.983^**	1.000
千粒重1000-grain weight	0.103	0.106	0.094	0.286^**	0.073	0.152^*	0.377^**	0.396^**	1.000
经济系数Economic index	-0.361^**	-0.143^*	-0.098	0.013	-0.061	-0.029	0.021	0.180^*	0.136	1.000
和表示相关性在P < 0.05和P < 0.01显著。 and ** indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表2小麦水旱地亲本回交二代群体10个农艺性状的主成分分析
Table2.Principal components analysis among10 agronomic traits of population of the second backcrossing generation of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties

项目Item	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅
特征值Eigenvalues	3.817	1.645	1.351	0.960	0.778
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	38.170	16.450	13.510	9.600	7.780
累计百分率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	38.173	54.626	68.136	77.738	85.514
株高Plant height (X₁)	0.458	0.562	-0.392	0.105	-0.123
穗长Spike length (X₂)	0.668	0.262	-0.060	-0.189	0.221
穗下节间长Internode length under spike (X₃)	0.275	0.353	-0.447	0.592	0.392
分蘖数Tiller number (X₄)	0.837	-0.336	-0.146	-0.277	0.013
小穗数Spikelet number (X₅)	0.480	0.424	0.650	0.024	0.030
穗粒数Grain number per spike (X₆)	0.498	0.384	0.645	0.144	-0.039
单株生物学产量Biomass per plant (X₇)	0.939	-0.233	-0.111	-0.122	0.003
单株粒重Grain weight per plant (X₈)	0.916	-0.338	-0.056	-0.049	0.070
千粒重1000-grain weight (X₉)	0.428	-0.309	-0.007	0.546	-0.606
经济系数Economic index (X₁₀)	-0.028	-0.657	0.344	0.386	0.430

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表3小麦水旱地亲本回交二代群体优良单株农艺性状综合得分值
Table3.Comprehensive score of agronomic traits of excellent plants in population of the second backcrossing generation of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties

优良单株序号 No. of excellent plant	y₁	y₂	y₃	y₄	y₅	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	综合得分值 Comprehensive score	类群 Group
1	5.864	-0.410	-1.221	-0.713	-0.642	85.51	2.207	Ⅲ
2	4.398	-1.245	-1.045	2.486	2.238	85.51	2.042	Ⅲ
3	3.706	-1.138	1.948	1.256	1.130	85.51	1.988	Ⅲ
4	5.140	-1.037	-0.798	-0.828	-0.745	85.51	1.808	Ⅲ
5	3.863	0.082	1.341	-0.839	-0.755	85.51	1.788	Ⅲ
6	3.312	-0.374	0.496	1.490	1.341	85.51	1.773	Ⅲ
7	2.506	0.796	1.844	0.696	0.627	85.51	1.699	Ⅱ
8	2.292	1.979	0.361	1.017	0.916	85.51	1.659	Ⅱ
9	1.908	2.981	0.084	0.990	0.892	85.51	1.629	Ⅱ
10	4.260	-1.276	-0.764	-0.136	-0.123	85.51	1.509	Ⅲ

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