许尔琪2,,,
张红旗2,
张全景1
1.曲阜师范大学地理与旅游学院 日照 276826
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41601095
国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目2015CB452702
详细信息
作者简介:王晓帆, 主要从事土地利用管理研究。E-mail:wangxiaofan_wxf@163.com
通讯作者:许尔琪, 主要从事土地利用及空间格局、生态环境效应研究。E-mail:xueq@igsnrr.ac.cn
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出版历程
收稿日期:2018-05-12
录用日期:2018-07-22
刊出日期:2018-12-01
Change in rocky desertification and effect of socio-economic activities in Guizhou
WANG Xiaofan1, 2,,XU Erqi2,,,
ZHANG Hongqi2,
ZHANG Quanjing1
1. College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
2. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41601095
the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)2015CB452702
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Corresponding author:XU Erqi, E-mail:xueq@igsnrr.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:分析石漠化与社会经济活动的关系及其动态变化，有利于石漠化状况的改善和治理。以往的驱动因子分析对社会经济因素的研究较少，本文以贵州省为研究区，以县域为研究单元，基于2000年和2011年两期石漠化影像，通过空间分析研究了贵州省2000— 2011年的石漠化动态变化，并从人口因素、社会发展状况和经济水平、农业生产活动、地形坡度和生态工程建设等5个方面选取23个影响因子，对石漠化的驱动力进行分析。结果表明：1）2000—2011年贵州省石漠化的治理工作取得了一定的成效，石漠化面积总体减少，但中度和重度石漠化面积呈增加趋势，轻度以上石漠化的治理任务还很艰巨；2）23个影响因子与石漠化呈现不同程度的正负相关关系；3）农业人口比重、农业总产值、人均粮食、人均耕地、耕地比重、15°~25°耕地（岩溶）比重和25°以上耕地（岩溶）比重均与石漠化呈显著正相关，其他因子均与石漠化呈显著负相关，其中农业活动对石漠化的影响最为显著，农业人口比重、农业总产值、人均耕地、15°~25°耕地比重、25°以上耕地比重、15°~25°岩溶比重和25°以上岩溶比重与石漠化的相关系数分别为0.473、0.425、0.291、0.288、0.430、0.338和0.334。研究社会经济活动对石漠化的影响可为石漠化治理提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:喀斯特地区/
石漠化/
时空变化/
驱动因子/
社会经济活动/
贵州省
Abstract:Rocky desertification is one of the most severe ecological problems in China. It has accelerated environmental degradation, caused frequent soil erosion and natural disasters, threatened people's living environment and restricted social and economic development. Analysis of the factors driving rocky desertification can be used to determine the factor that control rocky desertification and support strategies to combat the desertification. Studies have mainly focused on the geological background, geomorphological characteristics, meteorological factors, ecological restoration and governance projects. However, these studies have fallen quantification of the related social and economic activities. Thus there is the lack of a deep insight into the impact of the changes in regional rocky desertification and socio-economic activities. Using Guizhou Province as a case study area, this paper used GIS, remote sensing and statistical techniques (including Arcgis, Recognition Development and SPSS) to analyze the relationship between those neglected variables at county scale. Based on the 2000 and 2011 karst-rock desertification distribution maps, dynamic changes in rocky desertification in Guizhou Province in 2000-2011 were analyzed. The impact of social economic activities on rock desertification in karst area of the province was analyzed to lay theoretical basis for subsequent works on rocky desertification. The main conclusions of the study were as follows:1) one quarter of the karst area in Guizhou Province was still affected by rocky desertification in 2011, the control of which was still an arduous task. Based on spatial distribution, rocky desertification in Guizhou Province was relatively severe in the west and south of the study area and relatively mild in the east and north. The area of rocky karst desertification in Guizhou Province was on the whole improving. Different classes of rocky desertification were violently transformed into the other. Mild karst rocky desertification occurred in most of the area where there was improvement in rocky desertification, but the task of restoring light, moderate, severe and extremely severe rocky karst desertification was still very arduous. It also suggested that not only was attention needed to restore light, moderate, severe and extremely severe rocky karst desertification, but also to protect against potential areas of no rocky karst desertification. 2) The correlation analysis to determine the factors driving rocky desertification showed that multiple factors (including population factors, socio-economic development, agricultural production activities, terrain slope and ecological engineering construction) were critical in the evolution of rocky desertification in the region. Agricultural activities had the most significant effect on rocky desertification, including the proportion of agricultural population, total agricultural output, cultivated land area per cap., cultivated land proportion in 15°-25° slope, cultivated land proportion at > 25° slope, karst proportion at 15°-25° slope, karst proportion at > 25° slope. The correlation coefficients for these factors with rocky desertification were 0.473, 0.425, 0.291, 0.288, 0.430, 0.338 and 0.334, respectively. The study of the impact of socio-economic activities on rocky desertification provided the required expertise on the control of rocky desertification in the region.
Key words:Karst region/
Rocky desertification/
Space-time change/
Driving factor/
Socio-economic activity/
Guizhou Province
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图12000年和2011年贵州省岩溶石漠化区域分布图
Figure1.Spatial distribution of karst rocky desertification (KRD) regions in Guizhou Province in 2000 and 2011
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1石漠化等级分级标准
Table1.Classification standard of karst rocky desertification
| 石漠化类型 Rocky desertification type | 基岩裸露 Bedrock exposure (%) | 植被+土被覆盖 Vegetation and soil cover (%) |
| 无石漠化 No karst rocky deserti?cation (No KRD) | < 20 | >80 |
| 潜在石漠化 Potential karst rocky deserti?cation (Potential KRD) | 20~30 | 70~80 |
| 轻度石漠化 Light karst rocky deserti?cation (Light KRD) | 31~50 | 50~69 |
| 中度石漠化 Moderate karst rocky deserti?cation (Moderate KRD) | 51~70 | 30~49 |
| 重度石漠化 Severe karst rocky deserti?cation (Severe KRD) | 71~90 | 10~29 |
| 极重度石漠化 Extremely severe karst rocky deserti?cation (Extremely severe KRD) | > 90 | < 10 |
下载: 导出CSV表2石漠化驱动因子及处理过程
Table2.Driving factors and treatment process of rocky desertification
| 分类 Classification | 因子 Factor | 处理过程 Processing procedure |
| 人口因素 Demographic factors | 人口密度 Population density | 总人口数/国土面积 Total population/land area |
| 农业人口比重 Proportion of agricultural population | 农业人口数/总人口数 The number of agricultural population/total population | |
| 城镇人口比重 Proportion of urban population | 城镇人口数/总人口数 Urban population / total population | |
| 流出人口比重 Outflow proportion | [迁入人口-(常住人口-户籍人口)]/总人口数[34] [Immigration population-(permanent population-registered population)]/total population[34] | |
| 社会发展状况和经济水平 Social development and economic level | 农业总产值 Total agricultural output value | 农林牧渔生产总值 Total value of agriculture and forestry |
| 农民人均纯收入 Net income per rural capita | — | |
| 人均国内生产总值 Gross domestic product per capita | — | |
| 建设用地比重 Proportion of construction land | 建设用地面积/国土面积 Construction land area / total land area | |
| 工矿面积比重 Proportion of mining area | 工矿面积/国土面积 Mine area / total land area | |
| 农业生产活动 Agricultural production activities | 人均粮食产量 Grain output per capita | 粮食总产量/总人口数 Total grain output / total population |
| 人均耕地 Arable land area per capita | 耕地面积/总人口数 Cultivated area / total population | |
| 单位耕地粮食产量 Grain yield per unit of cultivated land | 粮食总产量/耕地面积 Total grain output / cultivated area | |
| 单位耕地产值 Output value of unit cultivated land | 农业产值/耕地面积 Agricultural production value / arable land area | |
| 耕地比例 Cultivated land proportion | 耕地面积/国土面积 Cultivated area / total land area | |
| 地形坡度 Terrain slope | 0°~6°耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at 0°-6° slope | 0°~6°耕地面积/耕地总面积 Cultivated land area at 0°-6° slope / total cultivated area |
| 6°~15°耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at 6°-15° slope | 6°~15°耕地面积/耕地总面积 Cultivated land area at 6°-15° slope / total cultivated area | |
| 15°~25°耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at 15°-25° slope | 15°~25°耕地面积/耕地总面积 Cultivated land area at 15°-25° slope /total cultivated area | |
| 25°以上耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at > 25° slope | 25°以上耕地面积/耕地总面积 Cultivated land area at > 25° slope / total cultivated area | |
| 0°~6°岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at 0°-6° slope | 0°~6°岩溶面积/岩溶总面积 Karst area at 0°-6° slope / total karst area | |
| 6°~15°岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at 6°-15° slope | 6°~15°岩溶面积/岩溶总面积 Karst area at 6°-15° slope / total karst area | |
| 15°~25°岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at 15°-25° slope | 15°~25°岩溶面积/岩溶总面积 Karst area at 15°-25° slope / total karst area | |
| 25°以上岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at > 25° slope | 25°以上岩溶面积/岩溶总面积 Karst area at > 25° slope / total karst area | |
| 生态工程建设 Ecological engineering construction | 退耕还林比重 Proportion of returning farmland to forests | 2000年耕地与2010年林地叠加区域/2000年耕地面积 Overlap area of cultivated land in 2000 and woodland in 2010 / area of cultivated land in 2000 |
下载: 导出CSV表32000年和2011年贵州省的岩溶石漠化面积
Table3.Karst rocky desertification (KRD) area in Guizhou Province in 2000 and 2011
| 石漠化类型 Rocky desertification type | 2000 | 2011 | 面积变化 Area change (km2) | 国土比重 Change in proportion of total land area (%) | |||
| 面积 Area (km2) | 国土比重 Proportion of total land area (%) | 面积 Area (km2) | 国土比重 Proportion of total land area (%) | ||||
| 无石漠化No KRD | 40 770.20 | 23.14 | 51 896.62 | 29.46 | 11 126.42 | 6.32 | |
| 潜在石漠化Potential KRD | 32 640.03 | 18.53 | 27 909.57 | 15.84 | -4 730.47 | -2.69 | |
| 轻度石漠化Light KRD | 21 189.03 | 12.03 | 11 167.49 | 6.34 | -10 021.54 | -5.69 | |
| 中度石漠化Moderate KRD | 10 212.32 | 5.80 | 13 236.84 | 7.51 | 3 024.52 | 1.72 | |
| 重度石漠化Severe KRD | 3 452.77 | 1.96 | 4 102.43 | 2.33 | 649.66 | 0.37 | |
| 极重度石漠化Extremely severe KRD | 818.32 | 0.46 | 769.73 | 0.44 | -48.59 | -0.03 | |
下载: 导出CSV表42000年和2011年贵州省岩溶石漠化类型等级演变转移矩阵
Table4.Transformation matrix of karst rock desertification (KRD) type in Guizhou Province from 2000 to 2011
| 年份Year | 2011 | ||||||
| 2000 | 类型 Type | 无石漠化 No KRD | 潜在石漠化 Potential KRD | 轻度石漠化 Light KRD | 中度石漠化 Moderate KRD | 重度石漠化 Severe KRD | 极重度石漠化 Extremely severe KRD |
| 无石漠化No KRD | — | 13 179.76 | 4 506.18 | 4 837.14 | 1 488.90 | 206.74 | |
| 潜在石漠化Potential KRD | 17 594.49 | — | 2 906.21 | 3 016.75 | 842.24 | 131.65 | |
| 轻度石漠化Light KRD | 10 819.50 | 4 296.25 | — | 2 863.71 | 781.75 | 113.71 | |
| 中度石漠化Moderate KRD | 4 725.37 | 1 881.36 | 1 127.65 | — | 573.47 | 162.32 | |
| 重度石漠化Severe KRD | 1 368.03 | 618.53 | 395.16 | 654.08 | — | 99.28 | |
| 极重度石漠化Extremely severe KRD | 281.03 | 93.09 | 87.09 | 186.22 | 112.20 | — | |
下载: 导出CSV表5贵州省岩溶石漠化指标与驱动因素的相关系数
Table5.Correlation coefficient between karst rocky desertification (KRD) indexes and driving factors
| 因素 Factor | 石漠化面积 KRD area | 加权石漠化面积占国土比重 Weighted proportion of KRD area of total land area | 石漠化面积变化 Change of KRD area | 潜在石漠化面积变化 Change of potential KRD area | 轻度石漠化面积变化 Change of light KRD area | 中度石漠化面积变化 Change of moderate KRD area | 重度石漠化面积变化 Change of sever KRD area |
| 人口密度Population density | -0.287* | -0.288* | — | — | — | — | — |
| 农业人口比重 Proportion of agricultural population | 0.473** | 0.301** | — | — | -0.270* | -0.278* | — |
| 城镇人口比重 Proportion of urban population | -0.473** | -0.301** | — | — | 0.270* | 0.278* | — |
| 流出人口比重Outflow proportion | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.305* |
| 建设用地比重 Proportion of construction land | -0.333** | -0.320** | — | — | — | — | — |
| 工矿用地比重Proportion of mining area | -0.355** | -0.318** | — | — | — | 0.767** | — |
| 农民人均纯收入 Net income per rural capita | -0.304** | -0.265* | — | — | — | 0.256* | — |
| 人均国内生产总值 Gross domestic product per capita | -0.429** | -0.353** | — | — | 0.236* | 0.497** | — |
| 农林牧渔业总产值 Total agricultural output value | 0.425** | — | -0.285* | -0.455** | -0.398** | — | — |
| 人均粮食产量Grain output per capita | — | — | -0.228* | — | -0.251* | — | — |
| 人均耕地Arable land area per capita | 0.291* | — | — | — | — | -0.229* | — |
| 单位耕地产值 Output value of unit cultivated land | -0.347** | -0.370** | — | — | — | — | — |
| 单位耕地粮食产量 Per unit of cultivated land grain output | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 耕地比例Cultivated land proportion | — | 0.276* | - | -0.317** | -0.280* | — | — |
| 0°~6°耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at 0°-6° slope | -0.366** | — | — | — | 0.257* | -0.229* | 0.290* |
| 6°~15°耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at 6°-15° slope | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0.322** |
| 15°~25°耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at 15°-25° slope | 0.288* | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 25°以上耕地比重 Proportion of cultivated land at > 25° slope | 0.430** | 0.274* | — | — | -0.265* | 0.274* | — |
| 0°~6°岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at 0°-6° slope | -0.411** | — | — | — | 0.286* | — | 0.271* |
| 6°~15°岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at 6°-15° slope | — | — | — | -0.271* | — | — | — |
| 15°~25°岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at 15°-25° slope | 0.338** | — | — | — | -0.256* | — | — |
| 25°以上岩溶比重 Proportion of karst at > 25° slope | 0.334** | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 退耕还林比重 Proportion of returning farmland to forests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ??**和*分别表示在0.01水平(双侧)和0.05水平(双侧)显著相关。* and ** indicate significant correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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