钟雄^{1, 2,},
王硕¹,
包立^{1, 2},
张乃明^{1, 2},
刘大会³,
夏运生^{1, 2,,},
李佳华¹
1.云南农业大学 昆明 650201
2.云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程实验室 昆明 650201
3.湖北中医药大学 武汉 430065
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41161041
国家自然科学基金项目41105756
云南省科技创新人才计划项目2015HC018
院士专家工作站项目2015IC022
云南省高新技术产业发展项目201605

详细信息

作者简介:钟雄, 主要研究方向为土壤侵蚀与环境。E-mail:zhongxiongyx@163.com

通讯作者:夏运生, 主要研究方向为菌根生理及污染控制。E-mail:yshengxia@163.com

中图分类号:S344.2;S513

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出版历程

收稿日期:2018-04-24
录用日期:2018-06-04
刊出日期:2018-11-01

Effects of intercropping and AMF inoculation on phosphorus forms in red soils

ZHONG Xiong^{1, 2,},
WANG Shuo¹,
BAO Li^{1, 2},
ZHANG Naiming^{1, 2},
LIU Dahui³,
XIA Yunsheng^{1, 2,,},
LI Jiahua¹
1. Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2. Yunnan Soil Fertilizer and Pollution Repair Engineering Laboratory, Kunming 650201, China
3. Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41161041
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41105756
the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Plan Project of Yunnan Province2015HC018
the Academician Expert Workstation Project of Yunnan Province2015IC022
the Hi-tech Industrial Development Project of Yunnan Province201605

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Corresponding author:XIA Yunsheng, E-mail:yshengxia@163.com

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摘要
摘要:丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）在植物与土壤系统中扮演着重要的角色，能促进寄主植物对养分尤其是磷（P）的吸收。间作在提高土壤P素利用及增产增收等方面具有重要作用。本研究通过三室隔网分室盆栽模拟试验，在玉米/大豆间作种植体系下，对菌丝室进行不同形态P处理[不施P（P0）、施用无机磷（IOP50）、施用有机磷（OP50）]，同时在根室进行不同AMF处理[不接种（NM）、接种Funneliformis mosseae（FM）]，研究了不同外源形态P添加和AMF处理下，菌根作物对菌丝室红壤中不同形态P吸收利用的影响。结果表明：与单作-FM-IOP50处理相比，间作-FM-IOP50处理下的玉米P吸收量显著增加150.2%，大豆P吸收量增加24.5%；除大豆单作-P0处理外，接种FM均明显降低菌丝室土壤有效磷含量。除大豆单作-FM处理外，施用IOP50使土壤有效磷含量在单作条件下最高，而在间作条件下则最低。对红壤P形态的分级结果表明，接种AMF均一定程度增加了Ca₂-P、Al-P、Org-P、O-Al-P、Ca₁₀-P的含量，而间作则显著提高了作物对土壤Ca₂-P、Fe-P的吸收；相比其他处理，土壤Ca₂-P、Org-P、O-Al-P含量在间作-FM-IOP50组合处理下较高（P < 0.05）。相关分析显示，Ca₂-P与玉米植株P吸收量呈显著负相关，而O-Al-P与大豆植株P吸收量呈显著负相关。总之，接种FM、磷肥施用与间作均在一定程度上促进了宿主作物对P的吸收累积。其中间作-FM-IOP50组合是促进间作玉米生长、P素吸收及Ca₂-P、Org-P、O-Al-P增加的最佳组合，通过促进无机磷的活化而改善作物对P素的吸收利用，有效削减土壤P素的残留，若将其应用于滇池流域，可望减少P素的流失。
关键词:丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)/
间作/
玉米/
大豆/
磷形态/
磷吸收/
土壤有效磷
Abstract:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help host plants in the uptake of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). Intercropping also can promote use efficiency of P in soils and increase crop yield. In order to study the effects of different P additions and AMF treatments on the absorption and utilization of different forms of P of intercropping corps in red soils, a pot simulation experiment was conducted using the three-compartment method. Under maize-soybean intercropping system, the hyphal compartments were treated with different forms of P-no P (P0), inorganic P (potassium dihydrogen phosphate-IOP50) and organic P (soy lecithin-OP50). Different AMF treatments, including no AMF (NM), inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae (FM), were performed in the root chamber. Intercropped maize and soybean, mono-cropped maize and soybean were planted in the experiment. The results showed that compared with mono-cropping-FM and IOP50 treatment, P uptake in maize increased by 150.2% and P uptake in soybean increased by only 24.5% under intercropping-FM and IOP50 treatment. Except mono-cropped soybean and P0 treatment, FM inoculation significantly decreased available P content in hyphal compartment soils. In addition to soybean mono-cropping-FM treatment, IOP50 application yielded the highest soil available P content under mono-cropping, and the lowest under intercropping conditions. AMF inoculation increased the contents of Ca₂-P, Al-P, Org-P, O-Al-P and Ca₁₀-P to a certain extent, while intercropping significantly increased crop uptake of Ca₂-P and Fe-P in the soil. Under combined intercropping, FM and IOP50, the contents of Ca₂-P, Org-P and O-Al-P in the soil were higher (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that Ca₂-P was significantly negatively correlated with P uptake in maize, while O-Al-P was significantly negatively correlated with P uptake in soybean. In conclusion, FM inoculation, P fertilizer application and intercropping all promoted P absorption and accumulation of host crops to a certain extent. Among these, FM, IOP50 and intercropping was the best combination for the promotion of intercropped maize growth, P uptake and increased Ca₂-P, Org-P and O-Al-P of red soil. If applied to Dianchi watershed, it is expected to reduce the loss of P.
Key words:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)/
Intercropping/
Maize/
Soybean/
Phosphorus form/
Phosphorus uptake/
Soil available phosphorus

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图1试验装置示意图
Figure1.Diagram of the pot used in the experiment


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图2接种AMF及施用不同形态磷肥对玉米-大豆间作系统植株生物量的影响
P0、IOP50和OP50分别指在菌丝室中不添加P、添加无机磷50 mg·kg^-1、添加有机磷50 mg·kg^-1。NM、FM指不接种AMF、接种Funneliformis mosseae。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。P0, IOP50, and OP50 are treatments of no P, addition of inorganic P 50 mg·kg^-1 and addition of organic P 50 mg·kg^-1. NM, and FM are treatments of no inoculation and, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.
Figure2.Effects of AMF inoculation and application of different forms of phosphate fertilizer on plant dry biomass of maize-soybean intercropping system


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图3接种AMF及施用不同形态磷肥对间作植株P吸收量的影响
P0、IOP50和OP50分别指在菌丝室中不添加P、添加无机磷50 mg·kg^-1、添加有机磷50 mg·kg^-1。NM、FM指不接种AMF、接种Funneliformis mosseae。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。P0, IOP50 and, OP50 are treatments of no P, addition of inorganic P 50 mg·kg^-1 and addition of organic P 50 mg·kg^-1. NM, and FM are treatments of no inoculation and, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.
Figure3.Effects of AMF inoculation and application of different forms of phosphate fertilizer on plant P uptake of maize-soybean intercropping system


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图4接种AMF及施用不同形态磷肥对菌丝室土壤有效磷的影响
P0、IOP50和OP50分别指在菌丝室中不添加P、添加无机磷50 mg·kg^-1、添加有机磷50 mg·kg^-1。NM、FM指不接种AMF、接种Funneliformis mosseae。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。P0, IOP50, and OP50 are treatments of no P, addition of inorganic P 50 mg·kg^-1 and addition of organic P 50 mg·kg^-1. NM, and FM are treatments of no inoculation, and inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.
Figure4.Effects of AMF inoculation and application of different forms of phosphate fertilizer on soil available P content in hyphal compartment


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图5玉米-大豆间作和单作下接种AMF及施用不同形态磷肥对菌丝室土壤磷酸酶的影响
P0、IOP50和OP50分别指在菌丝室中不添加P、添加无机磷50 mg·kg^-1、添加有机磷50 mg·kg^-1。NM、FM指不接种AMF、接种Funneliformis mosseae。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。P0, IOP50, and OP50 are treatments of no P, addition of inorganic P 50 mg·kg^-1 and addition of organic P 50 mg·kg^-1. NM, and FM are treatments of no inoculation, and inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.
Figure5.Effects of AMF inoculation and application of different forms of phosphate fertilizer on soil phosphatase activity in hyphal compartment under maize-soybean intercropped and monoculture


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表1玉米-大豆间作和单作下接种AMF及施用不同形态磷肥对菌丝室土壤各形态P含量的影响
Table1.Effects of AMF inoculation and application of different forms of phosphate fertilizer on contents of different P forms in hyphal compartment under maize-soybean intercropped and monoculture

种植模式 Planting mode	菌丝室施P P addition to hyphal compartment	菌根处理 AMF treatment	Ca2-P	Al-P	Org-P	Fe-P	O-Al-P	O-Fe-P	Ca10-P
玉米单作 Maize monoculture	P0	NM	21.90±0.34j	95.20±3.27i	0.11±0.00i	49.74±1.27g	52.39±3.77h	0.63±0.00j	87.84±1.66kl
		FM	50.36±2.35fg	136.83±4.51h	1.23±0.18h	56.43±1.21ef	93.53±1.19ef	1.14±0.05c	102.73±0.74fgh
	IOP50	NM	56.63±1.51de	170.82±1.33b	0.15±0.02i	67.22±1.69d	82.38±0.86fg	0.72±0.04i	104.15±2.23fgh
		FM	59.17±1.33d	172.42±1.47b	1.68±0.02gh	70.65±1.11d	98.00±1.40e	1.18±0.02bc	146.80±1.67a
	OP50	NM	44.45±1.25h	142.84±1.31fgh	2.74±0.04cd	89.93±1.73b	90.20±4.35efg	0.80±0.01hi	106.16±1.72fg
		FM	52.17±2.13fgh	183.74±5.80a	3.36±0.09b	103.00±2.41a	96.15±3.34e	1.88±0.02a	113.28±1.00de
大豆单作 Soybean monoculture	P0	NM	35.06±1.73i	142.71±2.01fgh	1.94±0.29fg	53.62±0.18fg	78.62±1.52g	0.78±0.02hi	86.96±0.71l
		FM	45.07±1.40gh	154.04±4.28de	2.40±0.22def	58.07±0.92e	92.59±2.57ef	0.95±0.05de	95.30±1.71ij
	IOP50	NM	53.78±1.19def	144.90±1.51efgh	2.74±0.13cd	55.25±1.05ef	165.03±10.76c	0.84±0.03fgh	101.57±0.89gh
		FM	56.19±0.36de	164.60±4.20bc	2.87±0.04bcd	58.57±0.57e	178.08±4.14b	1.19±0.05bc	106.95±0.16fg
	OP50	NM	45.30±0.91gh	145.59±1.34efgh	2.49±0.01def	59.59±0.14e	82.65±1.13fg	0.89±0.02efg	98.99±4.07hi
		FM	54.49±1.22def	161.01±1.79cd	3.41±0.19b	58.35±2.19e	95.82±0.62e	0.98±0.03d	120.69±2.43c
间作 Intercropping	P0	NM	44.86±1.21gh	19.70±0.46j	1.34±0.03h	81.34±1.84c	79.01±3.19g	0.81±0.03gh	92.29±0.48jk
		FM	52.19±1.29ef	23.38±2.37j	2.15±0.19efg	87.17±0.66b	136.12±0.63d	0.89±0.02efg	116.68±1.65cd
	IOP50	NM	67.20±3.52c	138.50±3.36gh	3.19±0.31bc	87.74±1.17b	82.66±1.95fg	0.95±0.01de	99.51±0.81hi
		FM	79.97±4.60a	151.60±6.83ef	4.48±0.38a	88.14±2.25b	191.88±2.89a	0.92±0.01def	136.65±0.77b
	OP50	NM	68.90±0.84bc	138.74±2.62gh	2.01±0.23fg	89.20±0.79b	172.22±0.70bc	0.95±0.02de	108.30±0.76ef
		FM	73.72±1.20b	146.98±1.84efg	2.70±0.20cde	89.35±0.78b	181.07±1.86ab	1.22±0.03b	134.32±2.02b
P0、IOP50和OP50分别指在菌丝室中不添加P、添加无机磷50 mg·kg-1、添加有机磷50 mg·kg-1。NM、FM指不接种AMF、接种Funneliformis mosseae。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间P < 0.05水平差异显著。P0, IOP50, and OP50 are treatments of no P, addition of inorganic P 50 mg·kg-1 and addition of organic P 50 mg·kg-1. NM, and FM are treatments of no inoculation and, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different treatments.

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表2植株P吸收量与菌丝室土壤中有效磷、磷酸酶活性及各无机磷形态之间的相关性
Table2.Correlation between P uptake of plants and available P, phosphatase activity and different inorganic P forms in hyphal compartment soil

	土壤有效磷 Soil available P	土壤磷酸酶 Soil phosphatase	Ca2-P	Al-P	Org-P	Fe-P	O-Al-P	O-Fe-P	Ca10-P
土壤磷酸酶 Soil phosphatase	-0.301*
Ca2-P	0.508**	-0.533**
Al-P	0.092	0.478**	0.299*
Org-P	0.226	-0.073	0.368**	0.321*
Fe-P	0.336**	-0.596**	0.553**	-0.102	0.545**
O-Al-P	0.369**	-0.412**	0.695**	0.152	0.302*	0.287*
O-Fe-P	0.276*	0.108	0.342**	0.382**	0.506**	0.427**	0.243
Ca10-P	0.534**	-0.126	0.665**	0.296*	0.342**	0.412**	0.521**	0.439**
玉米P吸收量 P uptake of maize	-0.470*	-0.305	-0.531*	-0.378	0.160	0.120	-0.428	-0.403	-0.533
大豆P吸收量 P uptake of soybean	-0.124	0.296	-0.422	-0.188	-0.236	0.087	-0.508*	-0.236	-0.262
**和*表示相关性分别在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。** and * indicate that the correlations are significantly different at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively.

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