付海美2,
徐明岗2,,,
郜红建1,,,
朱平3,
高洪军3
1.农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/安徽农业大学资源与环境学院 合肥 230036
2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室 北京 100081
3.吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 长春 130033
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（政府间专项）项目2016YFE0112700
国家科技支撑计划项目2014BAD14B03
详细信息
作者简介:龚海青, 主要从事土壤培肥与改良研究。E-mail:gonghq0805@126.com
通讯作者:徐明岗, 主要从事土壤培肥与改良研究, E-mail:xuminggang@caas.cn
郜红建, 主要从事植物营养与施肥研究, E-mail:hjgao@ahau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S153计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-02-06
录用日期:2018-05-15
刊出日期:2018-09-01
Substitution rate of organic fertilizer under long-term fertilization in black soils
GONG Haiqing1, 2,,FU Haimei2,
XU Minggang2,,,
GAO Hongjian1,,,
ZHU Ping3,
GAO Hongjun3
1. Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, China
3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Intergovernmental Project)2016YFE0112700
the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China2014BAD14B03
More Information
Corresponding author:XU Minggang, E-mail: xuminggang@caas.cn;GAO Hongjian, E-mail: hjgao@ahau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:探索长期施肥下黑土有机肥替代率与土壤肥力提升的关系，可为农田土壤培肥和有机替代提供理论依据。对吉林省公主岭黑土32年的长期肥力试验定位观测数据进行系统分析，基于作物氮素吸收量和土壤氮素供需方程探讨高产条件下施用不同量有机肥的黑土有机肥替代率的变化特征。研究表明，作物产量随着有机肥施用年限增加逐渐提高，32年的持续施肥，施用有机肥的作物产量趋同甚至高于NPK化肥处理的作物产量。基于作物氮素吸收量，高产条件下有机肥替代率与施肥年限呈极显著线性正相关（P < 0.01），高量有机肥处理（M2）的有机肥替代率高于常量有机肥处理（M1）；且有机肥施用29年后，高量有机肥处理（M2）的有机肥替代率达到100%，并保持稳定不变。基于土壤氮素供需方程估测的常量和高量有机肥处理（M1和M2）的有机肥替代率与基于作物氮素吸收量得到的有机肥替代率相关系数（R2）达到0.78和0.84（P < 0.01），相对均方根误差（RMSE）均小于15%（分别为10.4%和14.6%），表明土壤氮素供需方程可以较好地估测土壤有机肥替代率。基于作物氮素吸收量和土壤氮素供需方程能够准确反映长期有机培肥下黑土有机肥替代率的变化规律。本研究结果表明，基于作物氮素吸收量和土壤氮素供需方程两种方法验证，高产条件下有机肥替代率是土壤肥力的函数；随着有机肥施肥年限的增加，土壤肥力提升，有机肥替代率逐渐增加。
Abstract:This study explored the relationship between the substitution rate of organic fertilizer (SROF) and soil fertility under long-term fertilizer application in black soils and thereby laid the basis of theoretical guidance for optimal fertilization in black soils. A 32-year dataset on black soil fertilization from Gongzhuling in Jilin Province experimental site was analyzed to determine the changes in SROF under different rates of organic fertilizer application based on crop removal of nitrogen (N) and soil N supply-demand balance. Results showed that crop yield increased gradually with increasing application years of organic fertilizer, which was slightly higher than for NPK fertilization after 32 years. A significant positive correlation existed between SROF and fertilization years as driven by crop removal of N (P < 0.01). Furthermore, SROF reached 100% and was stable after 29 years of high quantity manure (M2) application, higher than that of the application of conventional manure quality (M1). The correlation coefficients (R2) between SROFs of conventional and high quantity manure (M1 and M2) applications between based on crop N absorption (RN) and soil N supply-demand balance (RN') were 0.78 and 0.84 (P < 0.01), respectively. The corresponding root mean square errors (RMSE) were 10.4% and 14.6%, validating the method of calculation of SROF based on soil N supply-demand balance. The results suggested that SROF under high crop yield could be used as a fertility index under current intensive fertilization. Longer applications of organic fertilizers led to higher soil fertility and crop productivity and a gradual increase in SROF.
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图1长期施肥下黑土有机肥替代率计算的理论图
Figure1.Theory chart of substitution rate of manure under long-term fertilization in black soil
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图2长期不同施肥处理玉米产量变化趋势
CK:不施肥; NPK:单施化学氮磷钾肥; M1:单施常量有机肥; M2:单施高量有机肥。
Figure2.Change trend of maize yield under different long-term fertilization treatments
CK: no fertilization; NPK: NPK fertilization; M1: application of manure at conventional level; M2: application of manure at high level.
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图3长期施肥下黑土有机肥替代率的变化
M1:单施常量有机肥; M2:单施高量有机肥。
Figure3.Changes of substitution rates of organic fertilizer under long-term organic fertilization in black soil
M1: application of manure at conventional level; M2: application of manure at high level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4长期施肥下黑土基于作物氮素吸收量与土壤氮素供需方程有机肥替代率(RN与RN’)比较
M1:单施常量有机肥; M2:单施高量有机肥。
Figure4.Comparison between substitution rates of organic fertilizer based on crop nitrogen absorption (RN) and soil nitrogen supply-demand balance (RN') under long-term organic fertilization in black soil
M1: application of manure at conventional level; M2: application of manure at high level.
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图5长期施肥下黑土基于作物氮素吸收量与土壤氮素供需方程有机肥替代率(RN与RN’)相关分析
M1:单施常量有机肥; M2:单施高量有机肥。MAE:平均绝对误差; RMSE:相对均方根误差。
Figure5.Correlation between substitution rates of organic fertilizer based on crop nitrogen absorption (RN) and soil nitrogen supply-demand balance (RN') under long-term organic fertilization in black soil
M1: application of manure at conventional level; M2: application of manure at high level. MAE: mean absolute error; RMSE: root mean square error.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1田间试验设计方案
Table1.Design of the field experiment
| 处理 Treatment | 施氮量 N application rate [kg(N)·hm-2] | 施磷量 P application rate [kg(P2O5)·hm-2 | 施钾量 K application rate [kg(K2O)·hm-2] | 有机肥 Manure application rate (kg·hm-2) |
| CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NPK | 150 | 75 | 75 | 0 |
| M1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 000 |
| M2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 000 |
| ??有机肥施用量为鲜基。Manure application rate is estimated with fresh weight. | ||||
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