刘梦云1, 2,,,
刘丽雯1, 2,
赵国庆1, 2,
张杰1, 2,
张萌萌1, 2,
李笑然1, 2
1.农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 杨凌 712100
2.农业部农业环境重点实验室 北京 100081
基金项目: 中国科学院重点部署项目KFZD-SW-30
详细信息
作者简介:刘欢, 研究方向为资源环境监测与评价。E-mail:1220992824@qq.com
通讯作者:刘梦云, 研究方向为土地资源利用及地理信息系统研究。E-mail:lmy471993@qq.com
中图分类号:S152.6计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2017-12-03
录用日期:2018-02-18
刊出日期:2018-07-01
CH4 flux characteristics and influencing factors in six land use patterns in the Loess Plateau
LIU Huan1, 2,,LIU Mengyun1, 2,,,
LIU Liwen1, 2,
ZHAO Guoqing1, 2,
ZHANG Jie1, 2,
ZHANG Mengmeng1, 2,
LI Xiaoran1, 2
1. Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
Funds: the Key Project of Chinese Academy of SciencesKFZD-SW-30
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Corresponding author:LIU Mengyun, E-mail:lmy471993@qq.com
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摘要
摘要:土地利用转变会导致土壤微环境及生理生化过程发生改变，继而影响土壤温室气体的产生和排放。目前关于土地利用转变对温室气体通量的研究主要集中于CO2，而对CH4研究甚少。本文以黄土台塬为研究区，重点分析不同土地利用方式的土壤CH4通量特征与其影响因素的关系，并明确其关键影响因子，为预测整个黄土台塬土地利用方式转变对温室效应的贡献提供基础数据。以陕西省永寿县马莲滩林场为研究对象，于2015年4月-2016年3月，采用静态箱-气相色谱法，对耕地、天然草地、灌木林地、乔灌混交林地、乔木林地和果园的CH4通量特征进行研究，并分析土壤CH4通量与土壤温度、地表温度、含水量及全氮的关系。不同土地利用方式土壤CH4平均通量差异显著（P < 0.05），但表现相似的季节变化，呈现夏秋季高于冬春季特征。林地、园地、耕地土壤均为CH4吸收汇，其吸收能力（平均值）为乔灌混交林（51.24 μg·m-2·h-1）>乔木林（44.80 μg·m-2·h-1）>灌木林（31.52 μg·m-2·h-1）>草地（25.89 μg·m-2·h-1）>果园（18.97 μg·m-2·h-1）>耕地（14.89 μg·m-2·h-1）。不同土地利用方式土壤CH4吸收与土壤温度、全氮和地表大气温度均呈正相关；与土壤含水量呈负相关。其土壤表层（0~20 cm）温度是6种土地利用方式土壤CH4吸收的主要影响因素。总之，自然条件下的土壤CH4吸收率明显高于农业土壤CH4吸收率，耕地转变为林地后土壤的CH4吸收能力增强，土壤对减缓温室效应的贡献增大。
关键词:黄土台塬/
土地利用方式/
土壤CH4通量/
CH4汇/
耕地/
林地
Abstract:Change in land use can influence soil micro-environment along with microbial, physiological and biochemical processes, significantly affecting the generation and emission of greenhouse gases. At present, researches on greenhouse gas flux from land use transformation have mainly focused on carbon dioxide (CO2), largely neglecting methane (CH4) generation and emission. This study determined the characteristics of soil CH4 fluxes and the influencing factors, also highlighting the critical factors of different land use patterns (cultivated land, natural grassland, shrub land, arbor and shrub land, arbor land and orchard). The study laid the basis for predicting the contribution of land-use-driven transformation to greenhouse effects in the Loess Plateau region. The study was conducted in Malian Forest Farm of Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province. In the study, soil CH4 fluxes in different land use types were measured during the period from April 2015 to March 2016 using static chamber chromatograph techniques. The related environmental factors were recorded, including soil temperature, soil moisture, surface temperature and soil total nitrogen content. The results indicated that soils were CH4 sink under different land use types. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in CH4 uptake fluxes in different land use types. Soil CH4 fluxes in six land use types had similar seasonal variations, higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Average soil CH4 uptake was in the order of arbor and shrub land (51.24 μg·m-2·h-1) > arbor land (44.80 μg·m-2·h-1) > shrub land (31.52 μg·m-2·h-1) > natural grassland (25.89 μg·m-2·h-1) > orchard (18.97 μg·m-2·h-1) > cultivated land (14.89 μg·m-2·h-1). Soil CH4 uptake fluxes in different land use types were positively correlated with soil temperature, surface temperature and total nitrogen, and negatively correlated with soil moisture. Soil temperature at the 0-20 cm soil layer was the main layer of production of soil CH4 fluxes in six land use types. The uptake CH4 under natural soil conditions was significantly higher than that in agricultural soils. The transformation of cultivated land to forest land increased CH4 uptake, enhancing the mitigation of greenhouse effect of soil.
Key words:Loess Plateau/
Land use type/
Soil CH4 flux/
CH4 sink/
Cultivated land/
Forest land
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图1研究区试验期间(2015年4月-2016年3月)气温和降雨量的季节性变化
Figure1.Seasonal variations of air temperature and rainfall during the experiment period (from April 2015 to March 2016) in the study area
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同土地利用方式下土壤CH4吸收的季节性变化
Figure2.Seasonal variations of soil CH4 fluxes of different land use types
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3土壤CH4吸收与不同土层土壤全氮含量的相关性
Figure3.Correlation between soil CH4 flux and total nitrogen content in different soil layers
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同土地利用方式采样点的基本信息
Table1.Basic information of sample plots in different land use types
| 土地利用方式 Land use type | 样点代表数 Sample number | 植被类型 Vegetation type | 平均海拔 Altitude (m) | 地理位置 Geographical position |
| 耕地 Cultivated land | 2 | 冬小麦Triticum aestivum | 1 240 | 108°05′24.2″E、34°48′22.0″N |
| 冬小麦T. aestivum | 1 267 | 108°05′36.4″E、34°48′42.7″N | ||
| 天然草地 Natural grassland | 2 | 白羊草-茭蒿群落 Community of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Artemisia lavandulaefolia | 1 237 | 108°05′22.6″E、34°48′20.8″N |
| 白羊草-茭蒿-铁杆蒿群落 Community of B. ischaemum, A. lavandulaefolia, and Artemisia gmelini | 1 265 | 108°05′39.3″E、34°48′31.6″N | ||
| 灌木林地 Shrub land | 3 | 过熟沙棘林Postmature forest of Hippophae rhamnoides | 1 252 | 108°05′29″E、34°48′21.0″N |
| 纯沙棘(< 10年) H. rhamnoides forest (younger than 10 years) | 1 258 | 108°05′38.6″E、34°48′31.4″N | ||
| 过熟沙棘林Postmature forest of H. rhamnoides | 1 246 | 108°05′25.0″E、34°48′32.2″N | ||
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | 3 | 油松、沙棘、刺槐混交林 Mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis, H. rhamnoides and Robinia pseudoacacia | 1 248 | 108°05′19.5″E、34°47′19.3″N |
| 刺槐、沙棘混交林刺槐 Mixed forest of R. pseudoacacia and H. rhamnoides | 1 258 | 108°05′25.4″E、34°47′58.4″N | ||
| 白榆、油松、沙棘混交林 Mixed forest of Ulmus pumila, P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides | 1 267 | 108°05′24.5″E、34°48′20.3″N | ||
| 乔木林地 Arbor land | 4 | 侧柏纯林Platycladus orientalis forest | 1 218 | 108°05′35.0″E、34°48′11.1″N |
| 刺槐纯林R. pseudoacacia forest | 1 225 | 108°05′26.9″E、34°47′59.5″N | ||
| 油松纯林P. tabuliformis forest | 1 250 | 108°05′38.2″E、34°48′32.6″N | ||
| 油松纯林P. tabuliformis forest | 1 254 | 108°05′23.0″E、34°48′20.8″N | ||
| 果园 Orchard | 3 | 核桃园Juglans regia garden | 1 222 | 108°05′48.0″E、34°47′59.5″N |
| 核桃园J. regia garden | 1 222 | 108°05′48.0″E、34°47′59.5″N | ||
| 核桃园J. regia garden | 1 222 | 108°05′48.0″E、34°47′59.5″N |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同土地利用类型样地不同土层土壤基本性质
Table2.Basic properties of sample plots of different soil layers in different land use types
| 土地利用方式 Land use type | 有机碳Total organic carbon (g·kg-1) | 全氮Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 容重Bulk density (g·cm-3) | |||||
| 0~5 cm | 5~20 cm | 0~5 cm | 5~20 cm | 0~5 cm | 5~20 cm | |||
| 耕地Cultivated land | 9.040±0.010 | 8.790±1.120 | 0.926±0.163 | 0.830±0.160 | 1.300±0.035 | 1.252±0.045 | ||
| 天然草地Natural grassland | 34.480±3.760 | 21.850±6.570 | 2.495±0.340 | 1.690±0.510 | 1.170±0.026 | 1.220±0.056 | ||
| 灌木林地Shrub land | 24.650±0.780 | 13.550±3.270 | 2.078±0.069 | 1.517±0.460 | 1.180±0.038 | 1.230±0.064 | ||
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | 24.030±6.430 | 10.610±1.270 | 1.830±0.377 | 0.765±0.410 | 1.201±0.054 | 1.183±0.032 | ||
| 乔木林地Arbor land | 26.540±2.380 | 15.17±6.520 | 1.864±0.290 | 1.210±0.560 | 1.230±0.080 | 1.202±0.048 | ||
| 果园Orchard | 9.390±0.139 | 8.318±0.237 | 1.003±0.199 | 0.770±0.030 | 1.291±0.023 | 1.261±0.067 | ||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同土地利用方式下土壤CH4通量
Table3.Soil CH4 fluxes of different land use types
| 土地利用方式 Land use type | 变化范围 Range of variation (μg·m-2·h-1) | 平均通量 Average flux (μg·m-2·h-1) | 年通量 Annual cumulative flux (kg·hm-2) | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) |
| 耕地Cultivated land | -4.30~-32.30 | -14.89±8.76e | -1.30 | 58.83 |
| 天然草地Natural grassland | -12.77~-49.93 | -25.89±12.52cd | -2.26 | 48.36 |
| 灌木林地Shrub land | -14.63~-63.52 | -31.52±15.89c | -2.76 | 50.41 |
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | -27.95~-69.14 | -51.24±12.81a | -4.48 | 25.00 |
| 乔木林地Arbor land | -23.60~-65.18 | -44.80±12.03ab | -3.92 | 26.85 |
| 果园Orchard | -4.50~-31.17 | -18.97±8.95de | -1.66 | 47.18 |
| 同列不同小写字母表示显著性差异(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences (P < 0.05). | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同土地利用方式下土壤CH4吸收(Y)与5 cm和20 cm土壤温度(T)的关系
Table4.Correlation between soil CH4 flux (Y) and soil temperature (T) at 5 cm and 20 cm in different land use types
| 土地利用类型 Land use type | 样本量 Sample number | 5 cm土温Soil temperature at 5 cm | 20 cm土温Soil temperature at 20 cm | |||
| 相关方程 Correlated equation | R2 | 相关方程 Correlated equation | R2 | |||
| 耕地Cultivated land | 72 | Y=1.831+4.889lnT | 0.322 | Y=12.714+4.928lnT | 0.294 | |
| 天然草地Natural grassland | 72 | Y=-3.020+10.257lnT | 0.314 | Y=13.597+5.291lnT | 0.262 | |
| 灌木林地Shrub land | 108 | Y=-16.556+17.155lnT | 0.373* | Y=14.005+7.650lnT | 0.269 | |
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | 108 | Y=5.575+17.078lnT | 0.838** | Y=31.088+9.080lnT | 0.703** | |
| 乔木林地Arbor land | 144 | Y=-1.144+16.941lnT | 0.687** | Y=21.878+9.781lnT | 0.574** | |
| 果园Orchard | 108 | Y=-6.114+9.163lnT | 0.640** | Y=-0.232+7.650lnT | 0.558** | |
| **表示0.01水平极显著相关(R≥0.683 5), *表示0.05水平显著相关(R≥0.552 9)。** indicates significant relation at 0.01 level (R ≥ 0.683 5); * indicates significant correlation at 0.05 level (R ≥ 0.552 9). | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表5不同土地利用方式下的土壤CH4吸收(Y)与5 cm和20 cm土壤含水量(W5、W20)的关系
Table5.Correlation between soil CH4 flux (Y) and soil moisture at 5 cm (W5) and 20 cm (W20) soil layers in different land use types
| 土地利用方式 Land use type | 样本量 Sample number | 5 cm含水量Soil water content at 5 cm | 20 cm含水量Soil water content at 20 cm | |||
| 相关方程 Correlated equation | R2 | 相关方程 Correlated equation | R2 | |||
| 耕地Cultivated land | 72 | Y=0.233W5+10.794 | 0.025 | Y=-0.386W20+22.426 | 0.023 | |
| 天然草地Natural grassland | 72 | Y=-0.440W5+38.281 | 0.166 | Y=-0.903W20+46.835 | 0.213 | |
| 灌木林地Shrub land | 108 | Y=-0.693W5+49.605 | 0.170 | Y=-0.644W20+45.529 | 0.075 | |
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | 108 | Y=-1.015W5+73.536 | 0.318* | Y=-1.894W20+88.273 | 0.436* | |
| 乔木林地Arbor land | 144 | Y=-0.965W5+66.869 | 0.276 | Y=-2.071W20+84.118 | 0.392* | |
| 果园Orchard | 108 | Y=0.136W5+16.604 | 0.009 | Y=0.302W20+13.083 | 0.046 | |
| *表示0.05水平显著(R≥0.552 9)。* indicates significant correlation at 0.05 level (R ≥ 0.552 9). | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表6不同土地利用方式下的土壤CH4吸收(Y)与地表温度(t)的关系
Table6.Correlation between soil CH4 flux (Y) and surface soil temperature (t) in different land use types
| 土地利用方式Land use type | 相关方程Correlated equation | R2 |
| 耕地Cultivated land | Y=0.315t+7.396 | 0.200 |
| 天然草地Natural grassland | Y=0.506t+13.900 | 0.289 |
| 灌木林地Shrub land | Y=0.527t+17.724 | 0.153 |
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | Y=0.991t+30.896 | 0.645** |
| 乔木林地Arbor land | Y=0.706t+28.967 | 0.461* |
| 果园Orchard | Y=0.443t+8.925 | 0.413 |
| **表示0.01水平极显著相关(R≥0.683 5), *表示0.05水平显著相关(R≥0.552 9)。** indicates significant relation at 0.01 level (R ≥ 0.683 5);* indicates significant correlation at 0.05 level (R ≥ 0.552 9). | ||
下载: 导出CSV表76种土地利用方式下的土壤CH4通量与环境因子的逐步回归方程
Table7.Regression equations between soil CH4 flux and environmental factors under different land use types
| 土地利用方式Land use type | 回归方程Regression equation | F | 显著性Sig. | R2 |
| 耕地Cultivated land | Y=-71.683+3.162W20+1.580T20 | 7.321 | 0.013 | 0.619 |
| 天然草地Natural grassland | Y=13.131+0.930T5 | 5.375 | 0.043 | 0.350 |
| 灌木林地Shrub land | Y=8.314+1.247T5 | 6.628 | 0.028 | 0.399 |
| 乔灌混交林地Arbor and shrub land | Y=26.365+1.453T5 | 46.249 | 0.000 | 0.822 |
| 乔木林地Arbor land | Y=24.834+1.481T20 | 24.307 | 0.001 | 0.709 |
| 果园Orchard | Y=-7.350+0.737T20 | 8.368 | 0.016 | 0.523 |
| T5、T20、W20分别表示5 cm、20 cm土壤温度和20 cm土壤水分。T5, T20 and W20 are soil temperature at 5 cm and 20 cm, and soil moisture at 20 cm. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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