李玉明2,
丛聪1,
王倩倩1,
江恒3,
岳龙凯1,
尧水红1,,
1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 北京 100081
2.黑龙江北大荒农业股份有限公司291分公司农业技术推广中心 双鸭山 155923
3.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 哈尔滨 150081
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目31400461
中国农业科学院知识创新工程农业资源与农业区划研究所优秀青年项目634-6
详细信息
作者简介:周璇, 研究方向为土壤微生物生态。E-mail:xuanzhou15@163.com
通讯作者:尧水红, 主要研究方向为土壤生物物理与微生物生态。E-mail:yaoshuihong@caas.cn
中图分类号:S154.36计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2017-12-29
录用日期:2018-04-07
刊出日期:2018-07-01
Effects of species-combined exogenous decomposing micro-organisms on soil microbial community structure and metabolic activity
ZHOU Xuan1,,LI Yuming2,
CONG Cong1,
WANG Qianqian1,
JIANG Heng3,
YUE Longkai1,
YAO Shuihong1,,
1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2. Center of Agricultural Technology Extension, No. 291 Branch of Heilongjiang Beidahuang Agriculture Company Ltd, Shuangyashan 155923, China
3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31400461
the Outstanding Youth Project of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regionalization Institute from Intellectual Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences634-6
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Corresponding author:YAO Shuihong, E-mail: yaoshuihong@caas.cn
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摘要
摘要:本文采用饲料类芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus pabuli，P）、深红紫链霉菌（Streptomyces violaceorubidus，S）和黄绿木霉（Trichoderma aureoviride，T），组合构建了3种单菌剂（P、S和T）、3种两菌种复合菌剂（PT、PS和ST）及1种3菌种复合菌剂（PST），并将之添加到红壤中，监测各菌剂添加后土壤总磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）量、特征微生物PLFAs百分含量、土壤呼吸速率及总代谢熵的变化，旨在探明外源腐解微生物的物种组合对土壤微生物群落结构和代谢活性的影响，进而为优化有机物分解菌剂种群配置提供参考。结果显示，添加单菌剂的P、S和T处理及添加两菌种复合菌剂的PT和PS处理，土壤微生物生物量显著增加，增幅17.2%~121.6%（P < 0.05）。添加外源腐解微生物后，各处理的土壤微生物群落的细菌百分含量基本稳定在79.6%~83.1%，真菌百分含量显著增加8.8%~50.6%；而放线菌百分含量除P和ST处理外，其他处理显著降低9.4%~69.8%。PLFAs数据的主成分分析表明，各外源菌剂处理与CK处理间的群落结构变异由小到大依次为：接种单菌剂的P、S和T处理，接种两菌种复合菌剂的PT、PS和ST处理，接种3菌种复合菌剂的PST处理。添加单菌剂的P、T处理以及添加两菌种复合菌剂的ST处理，在短期内影响了土壤微生物的对数生长，使土壤呼吸速率的峰值分别提高48.7%、53.7%和78.7%；且外源腐解微生物组合的物种数量越多，土壤微生物进入潜伏期所需的时间越长。从外源腐解微生物对土壤肥力的长期影响来看，两菌种复合菌剂ST的添加使土壤微生物代谢活性提高28.9%，因此该处理的土壤碳矿化量增加11.1%；添加单菌剂的S处理使土壤微生物代谢活性显著降低32.4%，因此该处理的土壤碳矿化量仅降低7.3%；而添加两菌种复合菌剂的PS处理和3菌种复合菌剂的PST处理，在保持代谢活性不变的情况下，其土壤碳矿化量也降低5.8%~8.7%，其原因有待进一步研究。综上所述，外源腐解微生物的添加会改变土壤微生物的群落结构及其生长轨迹，且随外源腐解微生物组合的物种数量增多这一干扰程度越大，而土壤微生物代谢活性与外源腐解微生物组合的物种数量无显著相关性。
关键词:土壤微生物/
外源腐解微生物/
物种组合/
微生物生物量/
微生物群落结构/
微生物代谢活性/
土壤呼吸速率
Abstract:An incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of species combination of exogenous decomposing micro-organisms on soil microbial community structure and metabolic activity. The objective of the study was to lay the basis for the optimization of population configuration of decomposing microbial agents. In the study, three microbe species-Paenibacillus pabuli (P), Streptomyces violaceorubidus (S) and Trichoderma aureoviride (T)-were selected. For the experiments, in addition to single P, S and T microbe strains, the microbes were merged to produce two species (PT, PS and ST) and three species (PST) combinations of decomposing microorganisms (forming a total of 7 microbial agents). These microbial agents were then added to red soil sampled from Jiangxi Province in South China. Moreover, a control treatment of red soil added with sterile peat was set to the experimental design. During the incubation period, temporal changes in soil respiration rate and microbial biomass carbon were monitored. Additionally, the changes in total PLFAs content and in the proportion of characteristic microbial population in different treatments after 30 days of incubation were determined. The PLFAs percentages of microbial communities showed the total microbial biomass and composition of soil microbial communities. The results showed that, except for ST and PST, most treatments showed that total microbial biomass increased from 17.2% to 121.6% (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the proportion of fungus in all the treatments increased by 8.8%-50.6% (P < 0.05). However, the proportion of bacteria in PLFAs remained basically unchanged, increasing from 79.6% to 83.1%. For most of the treatments, except for P and ST, the proportion of actinomyces decreased from 9.4% to 69.8%. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFAs data indicated that soil microbial community structure was influenced by different decomposing micro-organisms agents. The change in microbial community structure varied with treatment type, among which single P, S and T microbe strains were smallest and their trio-combination (PST) biggest, compared with the control. The results of soil respiration rate showed the growth of micro-organisms. Treatments of single P and T microbe strains and binary combination of micro-organisms S and T (ST) affected logarithmic growth of soil microbes in the short-term, increasing peak soil respiration rate by 48.7% (P), 53.7% (T) and 78.7% (ST), respectively. Additionally, with increasing number of species of decomposing micro-organisms, it took more time for soil microbes to enter latent phase. From long-term impact of exogenous decomposing micro-organisms on soil fertility, these micro-organisms changed soil microbial metabolic activity, which led to a change in the amount of soil carbon mineralization. The addition of ST combination of microorganisms increased soil microbial metabolic quotient by 28.9%, consequently, the amount of soil carbon mineralization increased by 11.1%. The addition of single S microbe strain decreased soil microbial metabolic quotient by 32.4%, while the amount of soil carbon mineralization only decreased by 7.3%. However, under PS and PST combinations, microbial metabolic activity remained unchanged, while the amount of soil carbon mineralization decreased by 5.8% and 8.7%, separately. There was the need for further study on these treatment combinations. In conclusion, the addition of exogenous decomposing micro-organisms changed soil microbial community structure and growth trajectory. Furthermore, with increasing number of species of decomposing micro-organisms, change in microbial community structure increased. Finally, the study failed to account for any relationship between soil microbial metabolic activity and the number of species of decomposing micro-organisms.
Key words:Soil micro-organisms/
Exogenous decomposing micro-organism/
Species combination/
Microbial biomass/
Microbial community structure/
Microbial metabolic activity/
Soil respiration rate
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图1试验用红壤及红壤加草炭的微生物群落结构组成
不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Microbial community compositions of the tested red soil and red soil with sterile peat
Different lowercase letters demonstrate significant differences between red soil and red soil with sterile peat.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2培养30 d后接种不同菌种及组合的土壤微生物生物量及特征微生物种群百分含量
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure2.Microbial biomasses and proportions of characteristic microbial population of soil under treatments of inoculation for 30 days of different strains or strains combinations
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3接种不同菌种及组合处理的土壤微生物群落结构差异的主成分分析
Figure3.Principal component analysis of soil microbial community structures under treatments of inoculation of different strains or strains combinations
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4培养过程中接种不同菌种及组合处理的土壤呼吸速率变化
a→b代表微生物生长特征曲线的对数期; b→c代表稳定期; c→d代表衰亡期; d→e代表潜伏期。
Figure4.Changes of soil respiration rates during 30 days after treatments of inoculation of different strains or strains combinations
a→b represents the logarithmic phase of microbial growth curve; b→c represents the stable phase of microbial growth curve; c→d represents the decline phase of microbial growth curve; d→e represents the latency phase of microbial growth curve.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5培养周期内接种不同菌种及组合处理的土壤累积呼吸量(A)和微生物总呼吸熵(B)
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure5.Soil cumulative amounts of CO2 release (A) and total microbial metabolic entropy (B) during 30 days after treatments of inoculation of different strains or strains combinations
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1试验处理及菌种组合方法
Table1.Experimental treatments and the methods of strains combination
| 试验处理Experimental treatment | 菌种组合方法 Method of strains combination | 物种数量 Species number | ||
| 设计Design | 代码 Code | |||
| 未接种No strain | 无菌草炭Sterile peat | CK | 0 | 0 |
| 接种单菌 Adding single strain | 饲料类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus pabuli (P) | P | 100% P | 1 |
| 深红紫链霉菌Streptomyces violaceorubidus (S) | S | 100% S | 1 | |
| 黄绿木霉Trichoderma aureoviride (T) | T | 100% T | 1 | |
| 接种复合菌 Adding complex strains | 饲料类芽孢杆菌+深红紫链霉菌P. pabuli + S. violaceorubidus | PS | 50% P + 50% S | 2 |
| 饲料类芽孢杆菌+黄绿木霉P. pabuli + T. aureoviride | PT | 50% P + 50% T | 2 | |
| 深红紫链霉菌+黄绿木霉S. violaceorubidus + T. aureoviride | ST | 50% S + 50% T | 2 | |
| 饲料类芽孢杆菌+深红紫链霉菌+黄绿木霉 P. pabuli + S. violaceorubidus + T. aureoviride | PST | 33.3% P + 33.3% S + 33.3% T | 3 | |
下载: 导出CSV表2接种不同菌种及组合处理土壤微生物活性特征指数
Table2.Soil microbial activity characteristics indexes under treatments of inoculation of different strains or strains combinations
| 处理 Treatment | 呼吸峰值出现时间 Occurrence time of respiration peak value (d) | 对数生长期峰值 Peak value of the logarithmic growth phase | 对数生长期斜率 Slope of the logarithmic growth phase | 衰亡期斜率 Slope of the decline phase | 潜伏期起点时间 Onset time of the latent phase (d) |
| CK | 3 | 64.2d | 9.34e | 6.54d | 7 |
| P | 5 | 95.5bc | 8.82e | 26.40a | 7 |
| S | 1 | 71.1cd | 30.30c | 5.65d | 7 |
| T | 1 | 98.7b | 57.80b | 13.70b | 6 |
| PT | 1 | 64.2d | 23.40d | 3.19f | 10 |
| PS | 1 | 71.6cd | 30.70c | 4.02e | 10 |
| ST | 1 | 114.7a | 73.90a | 8.98c | 12 |
| PST | 1 | 67.2d | 26.40cd | 4.78e | 16 |
| ??不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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