王凯2,,,
郑循华2, 3,
罗献宝1,
王睿2,
王东2, 3
1.广西大学农学院 南宁 530004
2.中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室 北京 100029
3.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划2016YFA0602302
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目41405137
详细信息
作者简介:奉小明, 主要研究方向为农业环境与生态安全。E-mail:504246629@qq.com
通讯作者:王凯, 主要研究方向为地气碳氮循环。E-mail:kai.wang@mail.iap.ac.cn
中图分类号:S181计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-02-26
录用日期:2018-03-27
刊出日期:2018-08-01
Net methane flux exchange in subtropical vegetable fields
FENG Xiaoming1, 2,,WANG Kai2,,,
ZHENG Xunhua2, 3,
LUO Xianbao1,
WANG Rui2,
WANG Dong2, 3
1. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project2016YFA0602302
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41405137
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Corresponding author:WANG Kai, E-mail:kai.wang@mail.iap.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:农田土壤是大气甲烷（CH4）的重要源和汇，以往关于农田CH4净交换通量的研究多关注水稻、小麦、玉米等作物，而蔬菜地的观测研究不足。本研究采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对亚热带地区一块种植包菜的典型露天蔬菜地开展将近1年的田间原位CH4通量观测，以揭示蔬菜地CH4净交换通量的周年变化特征及其影响因素，估算CH4年累积净交换通量，并定量评估CH4净交换通量的误差。本试验在包菜地的垄上和垄间同时布设观测点进行CH4通量观测，并对环境因子进行同步测量，观测期为2016年1月1日至12月8日。结果表明，所研究的蔬菜地为大气CH4的微弱汇，年平均通量为（-9.9±7.0）μg（C）·m-2·h-1，全年累积通量为-0.84kg（C）·hm-2，较高的土壤水分条件和高施氮量可能是导致本研究蔬菜地CH4吸收较弱的主要原因。全年CH4累积通量的总体误差为-48%~-16%，其中，由于通量计算方法引起的系统误差会使估算的通量偏低32%，年尺度上的随机误差大小为16%，主要来自CH4通量的空间差异，因此可适当增加空间重复，以减小空间随机误差。研究还发现垄上的CH4吸收通量显著高于垄间（P < 0.01），因此在开展农田温室气体通量观测时应兼顾垄上和垄间、种植行和行间等农田管理措施存在显著差异的区域，均布设观测点，避免对通量观测结果造成系统性偏差。
关键词:亚热带蔬菜地/
甲烷/
净交换通量/
静态箱法/
年累积通量/
通量误差
Abstract:Agricultural soil forms an important source-sink of atmospheric methane (CH4). Studies on net CH4 flux exchange in agricultural soil have mainly been related to rice, wheat, maize and other crops. However, field studies on vegetable fields have been seldom reported. This study was a year-round situ measurement of CH4 flux in a typical subtropical vegetable field cultivated with cabbages using the static chamber/gas chromatography technique. The aims were to determine the characteristics of annual net exchange flux of CH4 and the influencing factors, to estimate annual cumulative CH4 flux, and to quantify errors in measured CH4 flux. The CH4 flux measurements were conducted on ridges and on inter-ridges in vegetable fields for period from January 1st to December 8th 2016. Environmental conditions were simultaneously observed during the measurement period. The results showed that vegetable fields constituted a weak sink of atmospheric CH4, with annual mean flux of (-9.9±7.0) μg(C)·m-2·h-1 and annual cumulative flux of -0.84 kg(C)·hm-2. High soil water content and nitrogen fertilizer application rate were probably the main reasons for the weak uptake of CH4. The overall error in the annual cumulative CH4 flux was -48%——16%. The main source of systematic error was in the flux calculation method used, which underestimated the flux by 32% on average. Random error was mainly produced by spatial variations of CH4 flux, which was estimated at 16% at annual time scale. As a result, it was recommended that high numbers of spatial replications were used in conducting greenhouse gas flux measurements in agricultural soil in order to reduce random error. Another finding of the study was that CH4 uptake measured on the ridge was significantly (P < 0.01) larger than that measured on the inter-ridge. This implied that it was better to simultaneously place chambers on areas with different field management practices; e.g. ridge and inter-ridge, row and inter-row, which efficiently avoided systematic error in measured flux.
Key words:Subtropical vegetable field/
Methane/
Net flux exchange/
Static chamber technique/
Annual cumulative flux/
Flux error
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图1包菜生长季采样箱空间分布示意图
Figure1.Schematic of chamber distribution during the growing season of cabbages
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2观测期间日平均空气温度和土壤温度(a)、日降水量和地下水位(b)及土壤孔隙充水率(WFPS) (c)的季节变化动态
图 2b中的黑三角形和曲线分别代表地下水位的单次观测值和趋势线, 向下箭头表示灌溉日期。
Figure2.Seasonal variations of daily mean air temperature and soil temperature (a), precipitation and groundwater table (b), and soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) (c) during the measurement period
In Fig. 2b, black triangles and line indicate the measured data and trendline of the groundwater table, respectively, and downward arrows indicate the time of irrigation.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3观测期间蔬菜地CH4净交换通量季节变化动态
误差线表示空间重复之间通量的标准误差。
Figure3.Seasonal variation of net exchange fluxes of CH4 of vegetable field during the measurement period
The error bars indicate flux standard errors of spatial replicates.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4观测期间蔬菜地CH4累积净交换通量的动态变化
Figure4.Changes of cumulative net exchange flux of CH4 of vegetable field during the measurement period
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1观测期间蔬菜地CH4通量的最小、最大、平均值及年累积通量
Table1.Minimum, maximum, mean and annual cumulative fluxes of CH4 of vegetable field during the measurement period
| 最小CH4通量 Minimum CH4 flux [μg(C)·m-2·h-1] | 最大CH4通量 Maximum CH4 flux [μg(C)·m-2·h-1] | 平均CH4通量 Mean CH4 flux [μg(C)·m-2·h-1] | 年累积CH4通量 Annual cumulative CH4 flux [kg(C)·hm-2] | |
| 垄上?Ridge | -39.9 | 7.9 | -11.6±9.1 | -1.01±0.29 |
| 垄间?Inter-ridge | -36.9 | 9.2 | -5.0±6.7 | -0.45±0.14 |
| 加权平均?Weighted mean | -37.0 | 6.8 | -9.9±7.0 | -0.84 |
| 正负误差表示CH4通量的标准偏差。± denotes standard deviation of the CH4 flux. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表2观测期间蔬菜地CH4净交换通量与环境因子的回归分析
Table2.Linear and nonlinear regression analysis of environmental factors and CH4 fluxes of vegetable field during the measurement period
| 环境因子 Factor | 回归方程 Regression equation | 相关系数(R2) Correlation coefficient | 样本量(n) Sample size | 相关概率(P) Possibility | |
| 垄上 Ridge | T | F=7.99e0.018T | 0.036 | 126 | < 0.05 |
| W | F=-0.076W+14.89 | 0.025 | 126 | NS | |
| H | F=-0.047H+6.91 | 0.078 | 41 | NS | |
| T, W, H | F= -14.13e-0.19T+0.18W-0.050H+6.56 | 0.091 | 46 | NS | |
| 垄间 Inter-ridge | T | F=2.78e0.026T | 0.021 | 126 | NS |
| W | F=-0.3W+27.36 | 0.250 | 59 | < 0.01 | |
| H | F=-0.051H+0.35 | 0.106 | 41 | < 0.05 | |
| T, W, H | F=-17.93e-0.03T-0.35W-0.016H+42.03 | 0.400 | 20 | < 0.01 | |
| F表示CH4净交换通量[μg(C)·m-2·h-1], T表示土壤温度(℃), W表示土壤充水孔隙度(%), H表示地下水位(cm), NS表示相关不显著。F indicates net exchange flux of CH4 [μg(C)·m-2·h-1], T indicates soil temperature (℃), W indicates water-filled pore space (%), H denotes groundwater table (cm) and NS denotes no significant correlation. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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