周晚来^{1, 2, 3,},
易永健¹,
屠乃美^{2, 3},
谭志坚¹,
汪洪鹰¹,
杨媛茹¹,
王朝云^1,,,
易镇邪^{2, 3,,}
1.中国农业科学院麻类研究所 长沙 410205
2.湖南农业大学农学院 长沙 410128
3.南方粮油作物协同创新中心 长沙 410128
基金项目: 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目ASTIP-IBFC07
国家自然科学基金项目31701372
中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项Y2016CG14
国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0301500

详细信息

作者简介:周晚来, 主要研究方向为作物栽培技术与原理。E-mail:aruofly@126.com

通讯作者:王朝云, 主要从事环保型麻地膜制造与应用研究, E-mail: ibfcwcy@139.com
易镇邪, 主要从事作物高产与资源高效利用研究, E-mail: yizhenxie@126.com

中图分类号:S31

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-07-24
录用日期:2017-11-27
刊出日期:2018-03-01

Research progresses in the effects of rhizosphere oxygen-increasing on rice root morphology and physiology

ZHOU Wanlai^{1, 2, 3,},
YI Yongjian¹,
TU Naimei^{2, 3},
TAN Zhijian¹,
WANG Hongying¹,
YANG Yuanru¹,
WANG Chaoyun^1,,,
YI Zhenxie^{2, 3,,}
1. Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
2. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
3. South Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
Funds: the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesASTIP-IBFC07
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31701372
the Basal Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesY2016CG14
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2017YFD0301500

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Corresponding author:WANG Chaoyun, E-mail: ibfcwcy@139.com;YI Zhenxie, E-mail: yizhenxie@126.com

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摘要
摘要:根际氧是影响稻田土壤环境和水稻根系生理代谢的重要环境因子，已有的关于水稻根际氧的综述多从低氧或缺氧胁迫的角度展开，随着技术的进步，越来越多的****在水稻栽培中实施了主动的根际增氧措施，取得了一定的研究成果。根际增氧显著影响了水培水稻根系形态和结构，使其呈现细而长的特征，增氧条件下水稻根系形态、结构及其功能需求间存在内在的一致性；根际增氧对不同生育时期水稻的根系活力均有明显的促进作用，其增幅从10%到150%不等，并存在明显的品种间差异；从水稻根系形态、生理活性以及根部氮素形态转化等多个方面来看，增氧处理有利于水稻根系吸收氮素，但其对水稻氮素积累量的影响则与增氧处理方式和程度有关，过度增氧抑制了水稻植株对氮的利用，从而限制了其生物量的增加，反过来抑制了对氮的吸收。水稻对根际增氧的响应规律并非其对低氧和缺氧胁迫响应规律的简单倒转，饱和氧处理下水稻生物量和产量的剧烈降低表明了水稻对富氧响应的复杂性。探索根际增氧对三叶期前水稻幼苗的影响，完善根际增氧对水稻氮代谢的影响研究，并量化水稻田间需氧量，探索简单易行的苗期增氧措施，对进一步完善水稻育秧理论，改进水稻育秧技术具有重要意义。
关键词:水稻/
根际增氧/
根系形态/
根系活力/
氮代谢
Abstract:Rhizosphere oxygen is an important environmental factor that influences paddy filed environment and physiological metabolism of rice root. Existing reviews about rhizosphere oxygen are usually from the perspectives of hypoxia or anoxia stress. In recent years, more and more researchers implemented active oxygen-increasing in rice cultivation and obtained a large number of results. Rhizosphere oxygen-increasing significantly affects the morphology and structure of hydroponic rice root, making rice roots slender and elongated. It may be due to the reduced demand for preventing the leakage of oxygen and invasion of reducing substances, which means there is no need to form a barrier against radial O₂ loss, so the thickness of outer layer cell wall of root is smaller than that under hypoxic or anoxic stress conditions. It's suggested that there is an internal consistency among the root morphology, structure and functional requirements of rice under aerobic condition. Rhizosphere oxygen-increasing significantly promotes root vigor with an increment from 10% to 150% and with great differences among varieties. From the aspects of root morphology, physiological activity and transformation of nitrogen form in root-zone, e.g., the increased fine root, the raised root vigor, the enhanced nitrification under aerobic treatment, rhizosphere oxygen-increasing is beneficial for rice roots to uptake nitrogen, however its effects on nitrogen accumulation in rice is complex and related with the method and degree of oxygen-increasing treatment. Excessive oxygen-increasing inhibits the use of nitrogen in rice plants, thus limiting the increase in biomass, which in turn inhibits the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen. Response of rice to oxygen-increasing is not a simple reverse of that to hypoxia or anoxia stress, the dramatic yield decrease of rice under oxygen-saturation treatment demonstrated the complexity of rice response to oxygen-enrichment environment. It's proposed that exploring the effects of rhizosphere oxygen-increasing on pre-third-leaf stage rice seedling and rice nitrogen metabolism, quantifying the demand for oxygen of field rice and seeking feasible oxygen-increasing measures in seedling stage was of great significance for further improving rice seedling raising technology and theory.
Key words:Rice/
Rhizosphere oxygen-increasing/
Root morphology/
Root activity/
Nitrogen metabolism

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表1不同研究中根际增氧对水稻根系活力的影响
Table1.Effects of rhizosphere oxygen-increasing on root activity of rice in different researches

增氧方式 Method of oxygen-increasing	品种 Variety	生育期 Growth stage	考察指标 Investigation index	增幅 Increase percent (%)	文献来源 Literature source
干湿交替 Alternation of wetting and drying	国稻1号 Guodao 1	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	13.0	[57]
	国稻1号 Guodao 1	灌浆期 Filling stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	31.0	[57]
	秀水09 Xiushui 09	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	12.6	[57]
连续通气氧饱和水培 Oxygen saturation hydroponics through continuous ventilation	国稻1号 Guodao 1	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	11.8	[32]
	秀水09 Xiushui 09	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	127.9	[32]
	巴西陆稻 Brazil Upland Rice	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	152.5	[32]
	国稻6号 Guodao 6	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	28.7	[33]
	秀水09 Xiushui 09	分蘖期 Tillering stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	4.1	[33]
	汕优63 Shanyou 63	齐穗期 Full heading stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	119.5	[27]
	国稻1号 Guodao 1	齐穗期 Full heading stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	72.7	[27]
	湘早籼11 Xiangzaoxian 11	齐穗期 Full heading stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	11.3	[27]
	甬粳18 Yongjing 18	齐穗期 Full heading stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	37.1	[27]
土壤根际通气 Rhizosphere soil ventilaiton	深优9586 Shenyou 9586	分蘖始期 Beginning tillering stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	23.6	[62]
	深优9586 Shenyou 9586	分蘖盛期 Middle tillering stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	25.4	[62]
	深优9586 Shenyou 9586	分蘖终期 Ending tillering stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	20.9	[62]
超微气泡水增氧灌溉 Aerobic irrigation with ultrafine bubble water	深优9586 Shenyou 9586	分蘖期 Tillering stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	114.9	[63]
	秀水09 Xiushui 09	齐穗期 Full heading stage	伤流强度 Bleeding intensity	33.4	[60]
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	齐穗期 Full heading stage	伤流强度 Bleeding intensity	22.9	[60]
	深优9586 Shenyou 9586	齐穗期 Full heading stage	四氮唑还原强度 Reduction intensity of tetrazole	135.3	[63]
好气灌溉 Aerobic irrigation	中优6号 Zhongyou 6	开花期 Anthesis	伤流强度 Bleeding intensity	32.3	[64]
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	开花期 Anthesis	伤流强度 Bleeding intensity	30.0	[64]
	中优6号 Zhongyou 6	孕穗期 Booting stage	伤流强度 Bleeding intensity	27.7	[64]
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	孕穗期 Booting stage	伤流强度 Bleeding intensity	17.2	[64]
过氧化尿素 Urea hydrogen peroxide	国稻1号 Guodao 1	灌浆期 Filling stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	19.2	[57]
过氧化钙 Calcium peroxide	国稻1号 Guodao 1	灌浆期 Filling stage	α-萘胺氧化强度 Oxidation intensity of α-naphthylamine	32.6	[57]

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