张黎明1, 2,
周碧青2,
巫顺金1, 2,
邢世和2,,
1.福建农林大学资源与环境学院 福州 350002
2.土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室 福州 350002
基金项目: 农业部耕地质量调查与评价项目FJ2009304
详细信息
作者简介:詹秋丽, 主要从事农业资源与GIS应用研究。E-mail:zqlholiday@163.com
通讯作者:邢世和, 主要研究方向为土壤生态系统碳氮磷循环、健康评价与调控。E-mail:fafuxsh@126.com
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出版历程
收稿日期:2017-08-24
录用日期:2017-10-26
刊出日期:2018-02-01
Spatial variation in phosphorus accumulation and the driving factors in cultivated lands in Fujian Province
ZHAN Qiuli1, 2,,ZHANG Liming1, 2,
ZHOU Biqing2,
WU Shunjin1, 2,
XING Shihe2,,
1. College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. University Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
Funds: the Cropland Quality Survey and Evaluation Project of National Agriculture Ministry of ChinaFJ2009304
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Corresponding author:XING Shihe, E-mail:fafuxsh@126.com
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摘要
摘要:利用1：250 000福建省耕地土壤类型空间数据库以及1982年1 676个和2008年200 322个耕地土壤调查样点数据资料，借助GIS技术与灰色关联分析模型，探讨了26年间研究区耕地耕层土壤有效磷富集程度空间差异及其影响因素。结果表明：26年来福建省耕地土壤有效磷呈明显富集趋势，全省92.81%的耕地有效磷处于不同程度富集状态，有效磷平均富集量和年均富集率分别高达24.38 mg·kg-1和10.01%，并呈较明显的空间差异。地处南亚热带的厦门市耕地有效磷富集程度最大，中亚热带的南平市富集程度最小；有效磷富集程度较高的土类为紫色土、潮土、水稻土和赤红壤，较小的土类为滨海盐土和石灰土；富集程度较大的亚类包括淹育水稻土、灰潮土和漂洗水稻土，较小的亚类包括棕色石灰土和滨海盐土。研究区耕地土壤磷素富集及其空间差异主要受年均磷肥施用量、pH、年均气温和土壤黏粒含量显著影响，灰色关联系数>0.722。根据研究区耕地土壤磷素富集程度及其空间差异制定磷肥优化管理措施是十分必要的。
Abstract:Phosphorus is one of the largest nutrient elements needed for plant growth. Under the intensive production conditions, most farmland soils in China have had phosphorus enrichment problem, mainly due to excessive application of phosphate fertilizers, strong fixation and inefficient use of phosphorus. The enrichment of phosphorus in cropland soils is one of the important causes of non-point pollution, which has also restricted sustainable agricultural development in China. In this study, the 1:250 000 spatial database on farmland soil types and the available phosphorus data on tillage layer soil samples of cultivated land (1 676 samples in 1982 and 200 322 samples in 2008) in Fujian Province were used to determine the spatial variation in the degree of phosphorus enrichment and the related driving factors in cultivated lands for the past 26 years. To do so, an integrated GIS with grey correlation analysis model was used. The aim of the study was to clarify the enrichment characteristics of soil available phosphorus, and its spatial variability and driving factors. The results showed that soil available phosphorus had been abundant in Fujian Province in the past 26 years. In addition, soil available phosphorus enrichment area reached 1 216 777 hm2, accounting for 92.81% of the total area of cultivated land in the province. The yearly average enrichment amount and rate of available phosphorus were 24.38 mg·kg-1 and 10.01%, respectively, which showed obvious spatial variations. While cropland soils in Xiamen (which is in southern subtropics) had the largest degree of available phosphorus enrichment, those in Nanping (which is in mid-subtropics) showed the lowest degree of available phosphorus enrichment in Fujian Province. The soil types with high available phosphorus enrichment included purplish soils, fluvo-aquic soils, paddy soils and latosolic red soils. Then the soils with less available phosphorus enrichment included coastal solonchaks and calcareous soils. Soil subtypes with larger degrees of available phosphorus enrichment included submerged paddy soils and bleached paddy soils, while those with lower levels of available phosphorus enrichment included brown calcareous soils and coastal solonchaks. In general, enrichment of available phosphorus in tillage layer of cultivated land soil had happened in large area with wide distribution range and significant spatial variation in Fujian Province. Grey correlation analysis showed that soil available phosphorus enrichment and its spatial variation were mainly affected by annual application rate of phosphate fertilizer, soil pH, mean temperature and soil clay content, which were with grey correlation coefficients higher than 0.722. However, the effect of soil sand content, precipitation and soil organic matter content on phosphorus enrichment in cultivated soils in study areas was relatively weaker. Their gray correlation coefficients were less than 0.720. Based on the degree of phosphorus enrichment and spatial variation, inorganic phosphate fertilizer application should be controlled strictly to deal with the phosphorus enrichment in cultivated soils in Fujian Province. At the same time, there was the need to optimize fertilization management by increasing organic fertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer use.
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图11982年(a)和2008年(b)福建省耕地土壤样点分布图
Figure1.Distribution of cropland soil sampling sites in Fujian Province in 1982 (a) and 2008 (b)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2福建省1982-2008年耕层土壤有效磷富集量空间分布图
Figure2.Spatial distribution of available phosphorus enrichment amount at topsoil in Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图31982-2008年福建省各地级市耕层土壤有效磷年均富集率和富集量
Figure3.Annual enrichment rates and enrichment amounts of available phosphorus in cultivated land topsoil of different cities of Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图41982-2008年福建省不同土类耕层土壤有效磷年均富集率和富集量
Figure4.Annual enrichment rates and enrichment amounts of available phosphorus in topsoil of different soil groups of Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图51982-2008年福建省不同亚类耕层土壤有效磷年均富集率和富集量
Figure5.Annual enrichment rates and enrichment amounts of available phosphorus in topsoil of different soil subgroups of Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表11982-2008年福建省各地级市耕层土壤有效磷富集面积及其比例
Table1.Enrichment areas and area proportions of soil available phosphorus in cultivated land topsoil of different cities of Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
| 行政区 Administrative area | 有效磷富集 Available phosphorus enrichment | |
| 面积 Area (hm2) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | |
| 福州Fuzhou | 131 231 | 90.62 |
| 龙岩Longyan | 121 406 | 97.52 |
| 南平Nanping | 202 302 | 81.10 |
| 宁德Ningde | 115 926 | 94.44 |
| 莆田Putian | 47 938 | 75.37 |
| 泉州Quanzhou | 188 684 | 96.03 |
| 三明Sanming | 155 039 | 99.97 |
| 厦门Xiamen | 38 908 | 100.00 |
| 漳州Zhangzhou | 215 342 | 99.96 |
下载: 导出CSV表21982-2008年福建省不同耕地土壤类型有效磷富集面积及其比例
Table2.Enrichment areas and proportions of available phosphorus in different soil types of Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
| 土类 Soil group | 有效磷富集 Available phosphorus enrichment | 亚类 Subgroup | 有效磷富集 Available phosphorus enrichment | ||
| 面积 Area (hm2) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | 面积 Area (hm2) | 面积比例 Area proportion (%) | ||
| 滨海盐土 Coastal solonchaks | 2 427.59 | 58.52 | 滨海盐土Coastal solonchaks | 2 427.59 | 58.52 |
| 潮土Fluvo-aquic soils | 10 930.62 | 98.01 | 灰潮土Greyfluvo-aquic soils | 10 930.62 | 98.01 |
| 赤红壤Latosolic red soils | 94 126.19 | 87.51 | 赤红壤Latosolic red soils | 94 126.19 | 87.51 |
| 风砂土Aeolian sand | 12 588.97 | 78.97 | 耕作风砂土Tillage sand | 12 588.97 | 78.97 |
| 红壤Red soils | 82 940.10 | 92.13 | 红壤Red soils | 82 940.10 | 92.13 |
| 黄壤Yellow soils | 10 678.00 | 100.00 | 黄壤Yellow soils | 10 678.00 | 100.00 |
| 石灰土Calcareous soils | 135.53 | 100.00 | 棕色石灰土Brown calcareous soil | 135.53 | 100.00 |
| 水稻土Paddy soils | 1 004 449.97 | 93.87 | 漂洗水稻土Bleached paddy soils | 14 375.34 | 97.45 |
| 潜育水稻土Gleyed paddy soils | 106 805.61 | 86.59 | |||
| 渗育水稻土Percogenic paddy soils | 415 455.67 | 95.24 | |||
| 淹育水稻土Submergenic paddy soils | 11 593.71 | 98.53 | |||
| 盐渍水稻土Salinized paddy soils | 44 186.06 | 87.10 | |||
| 潴育水稻土Hydromorphic paddy soils | 408 688.92 | 94.33 | |||
| 紫色土Purplish soils | 1 347.00 | 100.00 | 酸性紫色土Acid purplish soils | 1 347.00 | 100.00 |
下载: 导出CSV表31982-2008年福建省耕地土壤有效磷素富集量与影响因素的灰色关联分析
Table3.Grey correlation analysis of available phosphorus enrichment and possible impact factors in cultivated land topsoil in Fujian Province from 1982 to 2008
| 影响因子 Impact factor | 关联系数 Grey correlation coefficient |
| pH | 0.762 0 |
| 年均磷肥施用量Annual phosphate application | 0.805 4 |
| 年均气温Annual average temperature | 0.729 7 |
| 年均降水量Annual rainfall | 0.707 8 |
| 砂粒Sand | 0.719 8 |
| 粉粒Powder | 0.721 5 |
| 黏粒Clay | 0.722 7 |
| 有机质Organic matter | 0.690 5 |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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